python学习:字典

字典

1.查询内存地址

a = 10

print(id(a))

b = a

print(id(b))

b = 15

print(id(b))

2. 数据类型

不可变类型:整型、字符串、元组

可变类型:列表、字典

字典的值可以是任意类型,键只能是不可变类型。

字典存储是无序的。例如:

dic = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

print(dic)

print(dic['name'])

#dic = {1:'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

#print(dic)

#print(dic[1])          #键改为整型没有问题

#dic = {[1,2]:'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

#print(dic)

#print(dic[[1,2]])         #键改为列表出现问题

#dic = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':{'game_name':'wow','level':'20'},'is_handsome':True}

#print(dic['hobby'])

#dic = {{'1':'123'},'age':36,'hobby':{'game_name':'wow','level':'20'},'is_handsome':True}

#print(dic)

#字典两大特点:无序;键唯一

#dic = {'age':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

#print(dic)

3.字典的两种创建方式:

#dic1 = {'name':'ysw'}

#dic2 = dict((('name','ysw'),))

 4.对应操作

  (1)增

dic1 = {'name':'ysw'}

dic1['age'] = 18

print(dic1)

dic1['name'] = 18

print(dic1)

#没有重复的键就添加,有重复的键就替换数值

------------------------------

dic1 = {'name':'ysw'}

dic1['age'] = 18

print(dic1)

dic1.setdefault('age',36)

print(dic1)

#dic1.setdefault('hobby','game')

#print(dic1)

#setdefault的特点:没有重复的键就添加,并返回添加键的值;有重复的键就没有变化,并返回字典中重复键的值。

#ret = dic1.setdefault('age',36)

#print(ret)

#ret2 = dic1.setdefault('hobby','game')

#print(dic1)

#print(ret2)

   (2)查

利用键名来查找键的值

dic3 = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

print(dic3['name'])

print(dic3.keys())  #查找字典中所有的键名,结果并不是列表类型,可以通过list命令转换为列表

print(list(dic3.keys()))

print(dic3.values())  #查看字典中所有键对应的值,结果并不是列表类型,可以通过list命令转换为列表

print(list(dic3.values()))

print(dic3.items())  #查看字典中所有键值对 ,结果并不是列表类型,可以通过list命令转换为列表

print(list(dic3.items()))

  (3)改

dic1 = {'name':'ysw'}

dic1['name'] = 18

print(dic1)

-------------------------------------------------------

dic4 = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}

dic5 = {'1':'111','2':'222','age':'35'}

dic4.update(dic5)  #dic5与dic4没有重复的将dic5添加到dic4,有重复的就更新键值对;dic5保持不变。

print(dic4)

print(dic5)

 

#删:
# dic = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}
# del dic['name'] #del 删除指定键值对
# print(dic)

#dic = {'name':'ysw','age':36,'hobby':'game','is_handsome':True}
# dic.clear() #clear清空字典
# print(dic)

# ret = dic.pop('age') #pop删除指定键值对,并返回删除的键值对的值
# print(ret)
# print(dic)

# a = dic.popitem() #popitem随机删除一组键值对,并以元组方式返回值
# print(a,dic)

# del dic #删除整个字典,内存中不再有该字典
# print(dic)

#其他操作以及涉及到的方法:
# dic6 = dict.fromkeys(['host1','host2','host3'],'test')
# print(dic6)

#字典嵌套
# av_catalog = {
# "欧美":{
# "www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"],
# "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"],
# "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"],
# "x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"]
# },
# "日韩":{
# "tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"]
# },
# "大陆":{
# "1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"]
# }
# }
# #
# # av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来"
# # print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"])
# # #ouput
# # ['全部免费,真好,好人一生平安', '服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来']
# av_catalog['欧美']['www.youporn.com'][1] = '高清无码'
# print(av_catalog)
#字典排序 根据键的值进行排列
# dic = {5:'555',2:'666',4:'444'}
# print(sorted(dic))
# print(sorted(dic.values()))
# print(sorted(dic.items()))

#字典的遍历
# dic5 = {'name':'ysw','age':36}
# for i in dic5:
# print(i)
# print(i,dic5[i]) #推荐这一种方法,效率高
# for i in dic5.items():
# print(i)
# for i,v in dic5.items():
# print(i,v)
posted @ 2018-08-19 12:03  十八犬夜  阅读(128)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报