实验7
实验7
task3
1.代码line25字符串 "Working\'s Blues"输出时为什么没有显示反斜杠\?
因为\为转义符,不会直接输出(虽然删掉\也行,输出也是一样的doge)。
2. read_str() 函数中,条件 i < N 用途是?
用途是防止数组越界,当文件行数超出数组所能存放的最大行数时,如果不加i<N就会导致数组越界。
task4
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #define N 50 #define M 100 int main() { char ch; int line = 0, words = 0; FILE* fp; fp = fopen("data4.txt", "r"); if (fp == NULL) { printf("fail to open file to read\n"); return 0; } while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == 32 || ch == 9 || ch == 13 || ch == 10) { if (ch == '\n') line++; continue; } words++; } line++; fclose(fp); printf("data4.txt统计结果:\n"); printf("%-20s%10d\n", "行数:", line); printf("%-20s%10d\n","字符数(不计空白符):", words); return 0; }

task5
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 10 typedef struct { long id; // 准考证号 char name[20]; // 姓名 float objective; // 客观题得分 float subjective; // 操作题得分 float sum; // 总分 char result[10]; // 考试结果 } STU; // 函数声明 void read(STU st[], int n); void write(STU st[], int n); void output(STU st[], int n); int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]); int main() { STU stu[N], stu_pass[N]; int cnt; double pass_rate; printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息: 已完成\n", N); read(stu, N); printf("\n对考生成绩进行统计: 已完成\n"); cnt = process(stu, N, stu_pass); printf("\n所有考生完整信息:\n"); output(stu, N); printf("\n通过考试的名单写入文件: 已完成!\n"); write(stu_pass, cnt); pass_rate = 1.0 * cnt / N; printf("\n本次等级考试通过率: %.2f%%\n", pass_rate * 100); return 0; } // 把所有考生完整信息输出到屏幕上 // 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,结果 void output(STU st[], int n) { int i; printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t结果\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result); } // 从文本文件examinee.txt读入考生信息:准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分 void read(STU st[], int n) { int i; FILE* fin; fin = fopen("examinee.txt", "r"); if (!fin) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return; } for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &st[i].id, st[i].name, &st[i].objective, &st[i].subjective); fclose(fin); } int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]) { int j = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) st[i].sum = st[i].objective + st[i].subjective; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (st[i].sum >= 60) { strcpy(st[i].result, "通过"); st_pass[j++] = st[i]; } else strcpy(st[i].result, "不通过"); } return j; } void write(STU st[], int n) { FILE* fp; fp = fopen("list_pass.txt", "w"); if (!fp) { printf("fail to open"); return; } fprintf(fp, "%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s%s\n", "准考证号", "姓名", "客观题得分", "操作题得分", "总分", "结果"); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%-20ld%-20s%-20g%-20g%-20g%-20s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result); fclose(fp); }


task6(pro max)
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> #define N 50 typedef struct{ long id; char name[N]; char cls[N]; }STU; void read(STU st[], int n); void lucky(STU st[], int n,STU st_lucky[]); void write(STU st_lucky[],const char *time); int main() { STU stu[N], stu_lucky[5]; time_t t = time(NULL); struct tm* now = localtime(&t); char x[32]; strftime(x, sizeof(x), "%Y%m%d", now); strcat(x, ".txt"); read(stu, N); printf("----------中奖名单----------\n"); lucky(stu, N, stu_lucky); for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) printf("%-20ld%-20s%-20s\n", stu_lucky[i].id, stu_lucky[i].name, stu_lucky[i].cls); printf("\n----------保存到文件----------\n"); printf("输入文件名:%s\n", x); write(stu_lucky, x); printf("保存成功!\n"); return 0; } void read(STU st[], int n){ FILE* fp; fp = fopen("list.txt", "r"); if (!fp) { printf("fail to read"); return; } for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) fscanf(fp, "%ld %s %s", &st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].cls); fclose(fp); } void lucky(STU st[], int n,STU st_lucky[]) { long t; int flag[N] = { 0 }; srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); int cnt = 0; while (cnt < 5) { int num = rand() % n; if (flag[num] == 0) { flag[num] = 1; st_lucky[cnt] = st[num]; cnt++; } } for(int i=0;i<4;++i) for(int j=0;j<4-i;++j) if (st_lucky[j].id > st_lucky[j+1].id) { t = st_lucky[j].id; st_lucky[j].id = st_lucky[j+1].id; st_lucky[j+1].id = t; } } void write(STU st_lucky[],const char *time){ FILE* fp; fp = fopen(time, "w"); if (!fp) { printf("fail to read"); return; } for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%-20ld%-20s%-20s\n", st_lucky[i].id, st_lucky[i].name, st_lucky[i].cls); fclose(fp); }




实验总结
1.了解到fscanf,fgetc和fgets的区别,fgetc读取单个字符,fgets读取一整行字符串,fscanf则是按格式拆分读取。
2. localtime()作用是把时间戳(time_t)转换成本地时间结构体 struct tm,拆分出年、月、日、时、分、秒等单独数值。
strftime()作用是接收 struct tm 时间结构体,按自定义格式拼接成时间字符串,完美解决你“生成20260622.txt文件名”需求。
两者配合完整流程:
1. time(NULL) 获取当前时间戳(从1970至今总秒数)
2. localtime() 将时间戳转为 struct tm 本地时间
3. strftime() 把 tm 结构体按模板转为字符串
2026-06-22

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