Spring 嵌套事务解惑[转]
/**
* @author 王政
* @date 2006-11-24
* @原文：http://www.iteye.com/topic/35907 有适当删减
*/
在所有使用 spring 的应用中, 声明式事务管理可能是使用率最高的功能了, 但从我观察到的情况看,
绝大多数人并不能深刻理解事务声明中 不同事务传播属性配置的含义, 让我们来看一下 TransactionDefinition 接口中的定义
/**
* Support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists.
* Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
* <p>This is typically the default setting of a transaction definition.
*/
int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;
我们可以看到, 在 spring 中一共定义了六种事务传播属性, 如果你觉得看起来不够直观, 那么我来转贴一个满大街都有的翻译：
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS -- 支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行。
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY -- 支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常。
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW -- 新建事务，如果当前存在事务，把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED -- 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NEVER -- 以非事务方式执行，如果当前存在事务，则抛出异常。
PROPAGATION_NESTED -- 如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则进行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。
前六个策略类似于EJB CMT，第七个（PROPAGATION_NESTED）是Spring所提供的一个特殊变量。
它要求事务管理器或者使用JDBC 3.0 Savepoint API提供嵌套事务行为（如Spring的DataSourceTransactionManager）
/*事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED */
void methodA() {
// 调用 ServiceB 的方法
ServiceB.methodB();
}
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW starts a new, independent "inner" transaction for the given scope. This transaction will be committed or rolled back completely independent from the outer transaction, having its own isolation scope, its own set of locks, etc. The outer transaction will get suspended at the beginning of the inner one, and resumed once the inner one has completed.
Such independent inner transactions are for example used for id generation through manual sequences, where the access to the sequence table should happen in its own transactions, to keep the lock there as short as possible. The goal there is to avoid tying the sequence locks to the (potentially much longer running) outer transaction, with the sequence lock not getting released before completion of the outer transaction.
PROPAGATION_NESTED on the other hand starts a "nested" transaction, which is a true subtransaction of the existing one. What will happen is that a savepoint will be taken at the start of the nested transaction. íf the nested transaction fails, we will roll back to that savepoint. The nested transaction is part of of the outer transaction, so it will only be committed at the end of of the outer transaction.
Nested transactions essentially allow to try some execution subpaths as subtransactions: rolling back to the state at the beginning of the failed subpath, continuing with another subpath or with the main execution path there - all within one isolated transaction, and not losing any previous work done within the outer transaction.
For example, consider parsing a very large input file consisting of account transfer blocks: The entire file should essentially be parsed within one transaction, with one single commit at the end. But if a block fails, its transfers need to be rolled back, writing a failure marker somewhere. You could either start over the entire transaction every time a block fails, remembering which blocks to skip - or you mark each block as a nested transaction, only rolling back that specific set of operations, keeping the previous work of the outer transaction. The latter is of course much more efficient, in particular when a block at the end of the file fails.
Rolling back the entire transaction is the choice of the demarcation code/config that started the outer transaction.
So if an inner transaction throws an exception and is supposed to be rolled back (according to the rollback rules), the transaction will get rolled back to the savepoint taken at the start of the inner transaction. The immediate calling code can then decide to catch the exception and proceed down some other path within the outer transaction.
If the code that called the inner transaction lets the exception propagate up the call chain, the exception will eventually reach the demarcation code of the outer transaction. At that point, the rollback rules of the outer transaction decide whether to trigger a rollback. That would be a rollback of the entire outer transaction then.
So essentially, it depends on your exception handling. If you catch the exception thrown by the inner transaction, you can proceed down some other path within the outer transaction. If you let the exception propagate up the call chain, it's eventually gonna cause a rollback of the entire outer transaction.
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 启动一个新的, 不依赖于环境的 "内部" 事务. 这个事务将被完全 commited 或 rolled back 而不依赖于外部事务, 它拥有自己的隔离范围, 自己的锁, 等等. 当内部事务开始执行时, 外部事务将被挂起, 内务事务结束时, 外部事务将继续执行.
另一方面, PROPAGATION_NESTED 开始一个 "嵌套的" 事务, 它是已经存在事务的一个真正的子事务. 潜套事务开始执行时, 它将取得一个 savepoint. 如果这个嵌套事务失败, 我们将回滚到此 savepoint. 潜套事务是外部事务的一部分, 只有外部事务结束后它才会被提交.
由此可见, PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 和 PROPAGATION_NESTED 的最大区别在于, PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 完全是一个新的事务, 而 PROPAGATION_NESTED 则是外部事务的子事务, 如果外部事务 commit, 潜套事务也会被 commit, 这个规则同样适用于 roll back.
/*事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED */
void methodA() {
ServiceB.methodB();
}}
ServiceB {
/** 事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW*/
void methodB() {}
}
ServiceA {
/** 事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED*/
void methodA() {
ServiceB.methodB();
}
ServiceB {
/*事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_NESTED */
void methodB() {
}
}
ServiceA {
/*事务属性配置为 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED*/
void methodA() {
try {
ServiceB.methodB();
} catch (SomeException) {
// 执行其他业务, 如 ServiceC.methodC();
外部事务(即 ServiceA#methodA) 将根据具体的配置决定自己是 commit 还是 rollback (+MyCheckedException).
上面大致讲述了潜套事务的使用场景, 下面我们来看如何在 spring 中使用 PROPAGATION_NESTED, 首先来看 AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
/*Create a TransactionStatus for an existing transaction.*/
private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
throws TransactionException {
... 省略
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
"Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
}
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
}
if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
DefaultTransactionStatus status =
newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
return status;
}
else {
// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
doBegin(transaction, definition);
boolean newSynchronization = (this.transactionSynchronization != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
return newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
}
} //一目了然
我们要设置 transactionManager 的 nestedTransactionAllowed 属性为 true, 注意, 此属性默认为 false!!!
再看 AbstractTransactionStatus#createAndHoldSavepoint() 方法
/**
* Create a savepoint and hold it for the transaction.
* @throws org.springframework.transaction.NestedTransactionNotSupportedException
* if the underlying transaction does not support savepoints
*/
public void createAndHoldSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
setSavepoint(getSavepointManager().createSavepoint());
}
可以看到 Savepoint 是 SavepointManager.createSavepoint 实现的, 再看 SavepointManager 的层次结构, 发现
其 Template 实现是 JdbcTransactionObjectSupport, 常用的 DatasourceTransactionManager, HibernateTransactionManager
中的 TransactonObject 都是它的子类 :
JdbcTransactionObjectSupport 告诉我们必须要满足两个条件才能 createSavepoint :
2. java.sql.Savepoint 必须存在, 即 jdk 版本要 1.4+
3. Connection.getMetaData().supportsSavepoints() 必须为 true, 即 jdbc drive 必须支持 JDBC 3.0
确保以上条件都满足后, 你就可以尝试使用 PROPAGATION_NESTED 了. (全文完)
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