Time Limit: 2000MS   Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 43013   Accepted: 13375

Description

Farmer John has been informed of the location of a fugitive cow and wants to catch her immediately. He starts at a point N (0 ≤ N ≤ 100,000) on a number line and the cow is at a point K (0 ≤ K ≤ 100,000) on the same number line. Farmer John has two modes of transportation: walking and teleporting.

* Walking: FJ can move from any point X to the points - 1 or + 1 in a single minute
* Teleporting: FJ can move from any point X to the point 2 × X in a single minute.

If the cow, unaware of its pursuit, does not move at all, how long does it take for Farmer John to retrieve it?

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K

Output

Line 1: The least amount of time, in minutes, it takes for Farmer John to catch the fugitive cow.

Sample Input

5 17

Sample Output

4

Hint

The fastest way for Farmer John to reach the fugitive cow is to move along the following path: 5-10-9-18-17, which takes 4 minutes.

Source

都说这是一道水题,但这是我做的第一道关于bfs的题目,大家见谅哈。昨天刚看完bfs的基本内容的时候,再想做这题目,怎么也想不到这道题为何能用bfs解答。
后来看了一遍别人的源码,豁然开朗,发现bfs真是太神奇了。当然,感觉神奇的很大一部分原因是因为还没吃透bfs,想不通为什么能得到最优解。想了很久,又看了一些树的知识,终于想通了。其实,可以把这个问题看成一个图,这个图由100001个点连接而成(0~100000),而连接这些个点的桥则是那三个运算,加1,减1,乘2。例如,由5(父母)发散开三个儿子(6,4,10)。所以,点5与这三个点相连。因此,可以将N当成根,一点点伸展开。下面叙述一下bfs的算法实现细节,个人认为bfs的精髓在于将点分为三类,白色,灰色,黑色。先选如白色的点,然后将它染成灰色,之后查找他的邻居,将邻居放入一个先进先出队列,这个队列可以用c++stl中的queue实现,最后将这个点染为黑色。
理解了树的概念之后,本题就非常容易了,要求的结果就是深度。但是,今天编码的时候,没能自己想明白,还是参考了别人的源码,真是惭愧啊。其实,我觉得这道题目中深度也可以理解为一棵树。下面贴一下代码吧。
 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<queue>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 using std::queue;
 5 const int MAX = 100000;
 6 const int MIN = 0;
 7 bool visited[100001];
 8 int N, K;
 9 int depth[100001];
10 queue<int> que;
11 int bfs();
12 int main()
13 {
14     cin >> N >> K;
15     cout << bfs();
16     system("pause");
17     return 0;
18 }
19 int bfs()
20 {
21     memset(visited, false, sizeof(visited));
22     que.push(N);
23     depth[N] = 0;
24     visited[N] = true;
25     while (!que.empty())
26     {
27         int temp = que.front();
28         que.pop();
29         if (temp == K)
30             break;
31         else
32         {
33             int door1 = temp + 1;
34             int door2 = temp - 1;
35             int door3 = temp * 2;
36             if (door1 <= MAX && !visited[door1]){
37                 que.push(door1);
38                 visited[door1] = true;
39                 depth[door1] = depth[temp] + 1;
40             }
41 
42             if (door2 >= MIN && !visited[door2]){
43                 que.push(door2);
44                 visited[door2] = true;
45                 depth[door2] = depth[temp] + 1;
46             }
47             if (door3 <= MAX && !visited[door3]){
48                 que.push(door3);
49                 visited[door3] = true;
50                 depth[door3] = depth[temp] + 1;
51             }
52         }
53     }
54     return depth[K];
55 }

当然,这段代码违反了dry的原则,不够简洁,还是可以优化一下的。

注意这道题要把数组开到100001,因为是从0~100000,要是开到100000就等着RE吧。