第2章 STM32CUBE串口配置和printf使用

前言

硬件的配置由前面的工程递增，会根据目的修改部分控制代码
由于本人较懒，记录主要是过程，原理性的东西网上一大把，我就不赘述了，由于懒，主要由图片和代码加少量文字组成
源码地址https://gitcode.com/qq_36517072/stm32，第x章为cx文件夹

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一、串口配置

1.1 STM32CUBE配置

根据原理图可知串口IO为PA9,PA10，这里配置CUBE对应IO



配置串口模式和中断

ctrl+s保存generate code

1.2串口重定义

修改后
搜索对于引脚，左键闪烁引脚，选择为输出

右键对于引脚，修改标识为LED0

二、代码和测试

修改usart.c，完整代码如下，增加的内容主要是串口的重定向和中断的配置和处理

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    usart.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the USART instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "usart.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#include <stdio.h>	//串口重定向
#include <string.h>	//memset

char RxBuffer[256];   //接收数据
uint8_t aRxBuffer;			//接收中断缓冲
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;		//接收缓冲计数
/* USER CODE END 0 */

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* USART1 init function */

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);//uart接收中断使能
  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);

    /* USART1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/**函数功能: 重定向c库函数printf到DEBUG_USARTx*/
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);
  return ch;
}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
  UNUSED(huart);

	if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255)  //溢出判断
	{
		Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
		memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer));
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)"数据溢出", 10,0xFFFF); 	  
	}
	else
	{
		RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer;   //接收数据转存
	
		if((RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //判断结束位
		{
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&RxBuffer, Uart1_Rx_Cnt,0xFFFF); //回环
      while(HAL_UART_GetState(&huart1) == HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_TX);//检测UART发送结束
			Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
			memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer)); //清空数组
		}
	}
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);   //再开启接收中断
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */

添加microlib否则编译会出问题

进入main.c在/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */后添加代码

  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOF,LED0_Pin);
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOF,LED1_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(1000);
    printf("hello world\r\n");
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

连接好烧录器编译并烧录

可以观察到每过一秒打印，发送时会回复发送的内容

总结

主要介绍了STM32CUBE下串口的配置和printf的使用

参考