Python简单分布式爬虫
分布式爬虫采用主从模式。主从模式是指由一台主机作为控制节点，负责管理所有运行网络爬虫的主机(url管理器,数据存储器,控制调度器)，爬虫只需要从控制节点哪里接收任务，并把新生成任务提交给控制节点。此次使用三台主机进行分布式爬取,一台主机作为控制节点，另外两台主机作为爬虫节点。
控制节点主要分为url管理器、数据存储器和控制调度器。控制调度器通过三个进程来协调URL管理器和数据存储器的工作：一个是URL管理进程，负责URL的管理和将URL传递给爬虫节点,一个是数据提取进程,负责读取爬虫节点返回的数据,将返回数据中的URL交给URL管理进程，数据存储进程，负责将数据提取进程中提交的数据进行本地存储。
url管理器
# coding:utf-8
try :
import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
import pickle
#cPickle引用序列化包
import hashlib
class UrlManager(object):
def __init__(self):
self.new_urls = self.load_progress('new_urls.txt') # 未爬取URL集合
self.old_urls = self.load_progress('old_urls.txt') # 已爬取URL集合
def has_new_url(self):
# 判断是否有未爬取的URL
return self.new_url_size() != 0
def get_new_url(self):
# 获取一个未爬取的URL
new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
m = hashlib.md5()#对url进行MD5加密
m.update(new_url)
self.old_urls.add(m.hexdigest()[8:-8])#
return new_url
def add_new_url(self, url):
# 将新的URL添加到未爬取的URL结合中
if url is None:
return
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(url)
url_md5 = m.hexdigest()[8:-8]
if url not in self.new_urls and url_md5 not in self.old_urls:
self.new_urls.add(url) # 将新的url添加到列表中
# 批量添加url
def add_new_urls(self, urls):
# 将新的URL添加到未爬取的URL集合中
if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
return
for url in urls:
self.add_new_url(url)
# 获取未爬取url集合的大小
def new_url_size(self):
return len(self.new_urls)
# 获取已经爬取URL集合的大小
def old_url_size(self):
return len(self.old_urls)
#保存进度
#param path:文件路径
#param data:数据
# return:
def save_progress(self, path, data):
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(data, f)
#从本地文件加载进度
#param path 文件路径
#return set集合
def load_progress(self, path):
print '[+]从文件加载进度:%s' %path
try:
with open(path,'rb') as f:
tmp = pickle.load(f)
return tmp
except:
print '[!]无进度文件,创建:%s' % path
return set()
数据存储器
# coding:utf-8
import codecs
import sys
import time
from urllib import unquote
class DataOutput(object):
def __init__(self):
self.filepath ='baike_%s.html'%(time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S", time.localtime()))
self.output_head(self.filepath)
self.datas = []
def store_data(self, data):
if data is None:
return
self.datas.append(data)
if len(self.datas)>10:
self.output_html(self.filepath)
#将HTML头写进去
#param path:保存路径
def output_head(self, path):
fout = codecs.open(path, 'w', encoding = 'uft-8')
fout.write("<html>")
fout.write("<body>")
fout.write("<table>")
fout.close()
#将数据写入HTML文件中
#param path:文件路径
def output_html(self,path):
fout = codecs.open(path, 'w', encoding = 'utf-8')
for data in self.datas:
fout.write("<tr>")
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['url'])
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['title'])
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary'])
fout.write("</tr>")
self.datas.remove(data)
fout.close()
#输出HTML结束
#param path文件存储路径
def output_end(self,path):
fout = codecs.open(path, 'a', encoding = 'utf-8')
fout.write("</table>")
fout.write("</body>")
fout.write("</html>")
fout.close()
控制调度器
# coding:utf-8
import time, sys, Queue
import multiprocessing
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
from UrlManager import UrlManager
from DataOutput import DataOutput
class QueueManager(BaseManager):
pass
class NodeManager(object):
# 创建一个分布式管理器
# param:url_q url队列
# param result_q 结果队列
def start_Manager(self, url_q, result_q):
# 把创建的两个队列注册在网络上,利用register方法,callable参数关联了Queue对象
# 将Queue对象在网络中暴露
QueueManager.register('get_task_queue', callable=lambda: url_q)
QueueManager.register('get_result_queue', callable=lambda: result_q)
# 绑定端口8001,设置验证口令"baike"
manger = BaseManager(address=('', 8001), authkey='baike')
# 返回manager对象
return manger
def url_manager_proc(self, url_q, conn_q, root_url):
url_manager = UrlManager()
url_manager.add_new_url(root_url)
while True:
# 从URL管理器获取新的URL
while (url_manager.has_new_url()):
new_url = url_manager.get_new_url()
# 将新的URL发给工作节点
url_q.put(new_url)
print 'old_url=', url_manager.old_url_size()
if (url_manager.old_url_size() > 2000):
# 通知爬虫节点工作结束
url_q.put('end')
print '控制节点发起结束通知!'
# 关闭管理节点，同时存储set状态
url_manager.save_progress('new_urls.txt', url_manager.new_urls)
url_manager.save_progress('old_urls.txt', url_manager.old_urls)
return
try:
if not conn_q.empty():
urls = conn_q.get()
url_manager.add_new_urls(urls)
except BaseException, e:
time.sleep(0.1) # 延时休息
def result_solve_proc(self, result_q, conn_q, store_q):
while (True):
try:
if not result_q.empty():
content = result_q.get(True)
if content['new_urls'] == 'end':
print '结果分析进程接收通知然后结束!'
store_q.put('end')
return
conn_q.put(content['new_urls']) # url为set类型
store_q.put(content['data']) # 解析出来的数据为dict类型
else:
time.sleep(0.1) # 延时休息
except BaseException, e:
time.sleep(0.1) # 延时休息
def store_proc(self, store_q):
output = DataOutput()
while True:
if not store_q.empty():
data = store_q.get()
if data == 'end':
print '存储进程接受通知然后结束'
output.ouput_end(output.filepath)
return
output.store_data(data)
else:
time.sleep(0.1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 初始化4个队列
url_q = Queue.Queue()
result_q = Queue.Queue()
store_q = Queue.Queue()
conn_q = Queue.Queue()
# 创建分布式管理器
node = NodeManager()
manager = node.start_Manager(url_q, result_q)
# 创建URL管理进程、数据提取进程和数据存储进程
url_manager_proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=node.url_manager_proc, args=(url_q, conn_q, 'https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB/5162711?fr=aladdin&fromid=22046949&fromtitle=%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB'))
result_solve_proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=node.result_solve_proc, args=(result_q, conn_q, store_q))
# 启动3个进程和分布式管理器
url_manager_proc.start()
result_solve_proc.start()
manager.get_server().serve_forever()
HTML下载器
# coding:utf-8
import requests
import urllib2
import sys
type = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
class HtmlDownloader(object):
def download(slef, url):
if url is None:
return None
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
if response.getcode() == 200:
html = response.read().decode("UTF-8").encode(type)
return html
return None
HTML解析器
# coding:utf-8
import re
import urlparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class HtmlParser(object):
# page_url下载页面的URL
# html_cont 下载的网页内容
# 返回URL和数据
def parser(self, page_url, html_cont):
if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
return
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser')
new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)
return new_urls, new_data
# page_url下载页面的url
# soup:soup
# 返回新的URL集合
def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):
new_urls = set()
# 抽取符合要求的a标记
links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r'/item/.*'))
for link in links:
# 提取href属性
new_url = link['href']
# 拼接成完整网址
new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
new_urls.add(new_full_url)
return new_urls
# 下载页面的url
def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):
data = {}
data['url'] = page_url
title = soup.find('dd', class_='lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title').find('h1')
data['title'] = title.get_text()
summary = soup.find('div', class_='lemma-summary')
# 获取tag中包含的所有文本内容,包括子孙tag中的内容,并将结果作为Unicode字符串返回
data['summary'] = summary.get_text()
return data
爬虫调度器
# coding:utf-8
import time, sys, Queue
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
from UrlManager import UrlManager
from DataOutput import DataOutput
from HtmlDownloader import HtmlDownloader
from HtmlParser import HtmlParser
class SpoderWork(object):
def __init__(self):
#初始化分布式进程中工作节点的连接工作
#实现第一步：使用BaseManager注册用于获取Queue的方法名称
BaseManager.register('get_task_queue')
BaseManager.register('get_result_queue')
#实现第二步:连接到服务器
server_addr = '127.0.0.1'
print ('Connect to server %s....' % server_addr)
self.m = BaseManager(address=(server_addr,8001),authkey='baike')
#从网络连接
self.m.connect()
#实现第三步:获取Queue对象
self.task = self.m.get_task_queue()
self.result = self.m.get_result_queue()
#初始化网页下载器和解析器
self.downloader = HtmlDownloader()
self.parser = HtmlParser()
print 'init finish'
def crawl(self):
while(True):
try:
if not self.task.empty():
url = self.task.get()
if url=='end':
print '控制节点通知爬虫节点停止工作'
self.result.put({'new_urls':'end','data':'end'})
return
print '爬虫节点正在解析:%s' % url.encode('utf-8')
content = self.downloader.download(url)
new_urls,data = self.parser.parser(url,content)
self.result.put({'new_urls': new_urls, 'data': data})
except EOFError,e:
print '连接工作节点失败'
return
except Exception,e:
print e
print 'Crawl fail'
if __name__=='__main__':
spider = SpoderWork()
spider.crawl()
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