12.使用通用视图减少代码量

1、改良URLconf

# polls/urls.py
from django.urls import path

from . import views

app_name = "polls"

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.IndexView.as_view(), name="index"),
    path("<int:pk>/", views.DetailView.as_view(), name="detail"),
    path("<int:pk>/results/", views.ResultsView.as_view(), name="results"),
    path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
]

2、改良视图
删除index、detail、results视图

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from .models import Question, Choice
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import generic

class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = "polls/index.html"
    context_object_name = "latest_question_list"

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")
    
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = "polls/detail.html"

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = "polls/results.html"

def vote(request, question_id):
    .....

改完后测试网站仍可正常运行和投票