JDBC上关于数据库中多表操作一对多关系和多对多关系的实现方法
黑马程序员
我们知道,在设计一个Java bean的时候,要把这些BEAN 的数据存放在数据库中的表结构,然而这些数据库中的表直接又有些特殊的关系,例如员工与部门直接有一对多的关系,学生与老师直接又多对多的关系,那么这些表的关系如何表示呢?
首先在建立数据库的时候就应该建立这样的对应关系。
一对多 ,只要建立两个表就能建立这样的关系,因为你可以把多方的那个表设置一个Foreign Key 属性 ,下面是一个部门和员工的表结构关系
在MySQL 数据库上应该这样建立表结构:
create table department( id int primary key, name varchar(100) ); create table employee( id int primary key, name varchar(100), salary float(8,2), dept_id int, constraint dept_id_fk foreign key (dept_id) references department(id)//这个其实是约束条件,不是表格的属性值。 );
在java 程序的javabean中应该如何做呢
public class Department {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Set<Employee> emps = new HashSet<Employee>(); //????????????????????????????Set????
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Set<Employee> getEmps() {
        return emps;
    }
    public void setEmps(Set<Employee> emps) {
        this.emps = emps;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Department [emps=" + emps + ", id=" + id + ", name=" + name +
        "]";
    }
}
public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float salary;
    // private Department dept = new Department();
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Float getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(Float salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary +
        "]";
    }
}
在DAO层 如何实现增加 查询数据呢?增加一个部门和查询一个部门的时候要不要显示员工呢?
public class DeparmentDao {
    private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
    public void addDepartment(Department dept) {
        try {
            //??????????
            String sql = "insert into department values(?,?)";
            Object[] params = { dept.getId(), dept.getName() };
            qr.update(sql, params);
            //???????????????????
            Set<Employee> emps = dept.getEmps();
            if ((emps != null) && (emps.size() > 0)) {
                for (Employee e : emps) {
                    sql = "insert into employee values(?,?,?,?)";
                    params = new Object[] {
                            e.getId(), e.getName(), e.getSalary(), dept.getId()
                        };
                    qr.update(sql, params);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //??????????????????
    public List<Department> findDepts(boolean lazy) {
        try {
            //???????
            String sql = "select * from department";
            List<Department> depts = qr.query(sql,
                    new BeanListHandler<Department>(Department.class));
            if ((depts != null) && (depts.size() > 0)) {
                for (Department dept : depts) {
                    if (lazy) {
                        //??
                        sql = "select id from employee where dept_id=?";
                    } else {
                        //??
                        sql = "select * from employee where dept_id=?";
                    }
                    List<Employee> emps = qr.query(sql,
                            new BeanListHandler<Employee>(Employee.class),
                            dept.getId());
                    for (Employee e : emps) {
                        dept.getEmps().add(e);
                    }
                }
            }
            return depts;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //??????????????????.????????
    public List<Department> findDepts() {
        return findDepts(true);
    }
}
多对多的关系
下面以老师和学生的关系来说明这个结构
数据库中:
create table teacher( id int primary key, name varchar(100), salary float(8,2) ); create table student( id int primary key, name varchar(100), grade varchar(100) ); create table teacher_student( t_id int, s_id int, primary key(t_id,s_id), constraint t_id_fk foreign key(t_id) references teacher(id), constraint s_id_fk foreign key(s_id) references student(id) );
如何写javabean 和 dao呢 ?
public class Teacher {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float salary;
    private Set<Student> stus = new HashSet<Student>();
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Float getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(Float salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public Set<Student> getStus() {
        return stus;
    }
    public void setStus(Set<Student> stus) {
        this.stus = stus;
    }
}
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String grade;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }
    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [grade=" + grade + ", id=" + id + ", name=" + name +
        "]";
    }
}
public class TeacherDao {
    private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
    public void addTeacher(Teacher t) throws SQLException {
        //????????
        String sql = "insert into teacher values(?,?,?)";
        Object[] params = { t.getId(), t.getName(), t.getSalary() };
        qr.update(sql, params);
        //????????
        //?3??
        Set<Student> stus = t.getStus();
        if ((stus != null) && (stus.size() > 0)) {
            for (Student s : stus) {
                sql = "insert into student values(?,?,?)";
                params = new Object[] { s.getId(), s.getName(), s.getGrade() };
                qr.update(sql, params);
                sql = "insert into teacher_student values(?,?)";
                params = new Object[] { t.getId(), s.getId() };
                ;
                qr.update(sql, params);
            }
        }
    }
    public List<Teacher> findTeacher(boolean lazy) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "select * from teacher";
        List<Teacher> ts = qr.query(sql,
                new BeanListHandler<Teacher>(Teacher.class));
        if ((ts != null) && (ts.size() > 0)) {
            for (Teacher t : ts) {
                if (lazy) {
                    sql = "select id from student where id in (select s_id from teacher_student where t_id=?)";
                } else {
                    sql = "select * from student where id in (select s_id from teacher_student where t_id=?)";
                }
                List<Student> stus = qr.query(sql,
                        new BeanListHandler<Student>(Student.class), t.getId());
                for (Student s : stus) {
                    t.getStus().add(s);
                }
            }
        }
        return ts;
    }
}
工具表工具
public class JdbcUtil {
    private static DataSource ds;
    private static ThreadLocal<Connection> tl = new ThreadLocal<Connection>();
    static {
        try {
            InputStream in = JdbcUtil.class.getClassLoader()
                                           .getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(in);
            BasicDataSourceFactory factory = new BasicDataSourceFactory();
            ds = factory.createDataSource(props);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
        }
    }
    public static DataSource getDataSource() {
        return ds;
    }
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = tl.get();
        if (conn == null) {
            conn = ds.getConnection();
            tl.set(conn);
        }
        return conn;
    }
    public static void startTransaction() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = tl.get();
        if (conn == null) {
            conn = ds.getConnection();
            tl.set(conn);
        }
        conn.setAutoCommit(false);
    }
    public static void rollback() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = tl.get();
        if (conn == null) {
            conn = ds.getConnection();
            tl.set(conn);
        }
        conn.rollback();
    }
    public static void commit() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = tl.get();
        if (conn == null) {
            conn = ds.getConnection();
            tl.set(conn);
        }
        conn.commit();
        tl.remove();
    }
    public static void release(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            rs = null;
        }
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            stmt = null;
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            conn = null;
        }
    }
}
dbcpconfig.properties的文件 中内容
#连接设置
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day15 #这个是你的数据库地址
username=root #这个是你的用户名
password=sorry # 这个是你 密码
#<!-- 初始化连接 -->
initialSize=10
#最大连接数量
maxActive=20
#<!-- 最大空闲连接 -->
maxIdle=6
#<!-- 最小空闲连接 -->
minIdle=3
#<!-- 超时等待时间以毫秒为单位 6000毫秒/1000等于60秒 -->
maxWait=60000
#JDBC驱动建立连接时附带的连接属性属性的格式必须为这样:[属性名=property;]
#注意:"user" 与 "password" 两个属性会被明确地传递,因此这里不需要包含他们。
connectionProperties=useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=utf8
#指定由连接池所创建的连接的自动提交(auto-commit)状态。
defaultAutoCommit=true
#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的只读(read-only)状态。
#如果没有设置该值,则“setReadOnly”方法将不被调用。(某些驱动并不支持只读模式,如:Informix)
defaultReadOnly=
#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的事务级别(TransactionIsolation)。
#可用值为下列之一:(详情可见javadoc。)NONE,READ_UNCOMMITTED, READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE
defaultTransactionIsolation=REPEATABLE_READ
#连接设置
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day15 #这个是你的数据库地址
username=root #这个是你的用户名
password=sorry # 这个是你 密码
#<!-- 初始化连接 -->
initialSize=10
#最大连接数量
maxActive=20
#<!-- 最大空闲连接 -->
maxIdle=6
#<!-- 最小空闲连接 -->
minIdle=3
#<!-- 超时等待时间以毫秒为单位 6000毫秒/1000等于60秒 -->
maxWait=60000
#JDBC驱动建立连接时附带的连接属性属性的格式必须为这样:[属性名=property;]
#注意:"user" 与 "password" 两个属性会被明确地传递,因此这里不需要包含他们。
connectionProperties=useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=utf8
#指定由连接池所创建的连接的自动提交(auto-commit)状态。
defaultAutoCommit=true
#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的只读(read-only)状态。
#如果没有设置该值,则“setReadOnly”方法将不被调用。(某些驱动并不支持只读模式,如:Informix)
defaultReadOnly=
#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的事务级别(TransactionIsolation)。
#可用值为下列之一:(详情可见javadoc。)NONE,READ_UNCOMMITTED, READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE
defaultTransactionIsolation=REPEATABLE_READ
 
                    
                     
                    
                 
                    
                
 
                
            
         
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浙公网安备 33010602011771号