使用IDEA搭建一个 Spring + Spring MVC + Mybatis 的Web项目 ( 零配置文件 )

前言:

除了mybatis 不是零配置,有些还是有xml的配置文件在里面的。

注解是Spring的一个构建的一个重要手段,减少写配置文件,下面解释一下一些要用到的注解:

@Configuration 作用于类上面,声明当前类是一个配置类(相当于一个Spring的xml文件)
@ComponentScan(“xxx”) 作用于类上面,自动扫描xxx包名下所有使用@Service、@Component、@Repository和@Controller的类,并注册为Bean
@Bean 作用与类和方法上,相当于Spring配置文件bean节点
@EnableWebMvc 作用于类,开启一些默认配置,如一些ViewResolver或者MessageConverter
@RequestMapping 作用于类、方法,配置URL和方法之间的映射
@RequestBody 作用于参数前,允许request的参数在request体中,而不是在直接链接在地址后面
@ResponseBody 作用于返回值、方法上,支持将返回值放在response体中,而不是返回一个页面。
@RequestParam 作用于参数前,将form的对应name值映射到当前参数中。

从一开始。

先搭建一个 Spring + Spring MVC 的web 项目

  创建项目。

 

然后 点击 Finish 完成 创建项目。

这里开始配置我们的pom.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.oukele.ssm</groupId>
  <artifactId>MyDemo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>MyDemo Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <!--spring 的依赖管理 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

   <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

   <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring MVC -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

      <!-- servlet  -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>4.0.1</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>

      <!--jstl-->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      

  </dependencies>
  
</project>
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导入静态资源(jsp 页面 ........)。 

在WEB-INF中,直接粘贴boostrap的标准资源,并新建一个views文件夹,将index.jsp拉进去,将自己写的Login.jsp(想要示例的登陆页面的话在本文的最下面有个github地址可以去下载)复制进去,效果如下(顺便删了web.xml): 

 目录结构如下:

在 main 目录 下 新建 java 文件夹 (注意 java 文件夹 的颜色哦 )

在 java 文件夹 新建几个包 比如 --> com --> oukele --> config (先这样吧。)

开始配置 SpringWebConfig类 (类似 spring-web.xml):

 新建一个SpringWebConfig 类,实现 WebMvcConfigurer接口,并配置一些必要的方法。

package com.oukele.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@Configuration//声明当前类是一个配置类 类似于 ( spring-web.xml )
@EnableWebMvc//若无此注解 WebMvcConfigurer 接口 将无效
@ComponentScan("com.oukele")//自动扫描spring注解 比如@Service、@Component、@Repository和@Controller的类,并注册为Bean
public class SpringWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    //添加一个ViewResolver 解析 view
    @Bean//相当于Spring配置文件bean节点
    public InternalResourceViewResolver getViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        viewResolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
        return viewResolver;
    }
    //注册静态资源,比如(css,js,.....)
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/WEB-INF/css/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/WEB-INF/js/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/fonts/**").addResourceLocations("/WEB-INF/fonts/");
    }

    //根目录直接跳转到登录页面 Login.jsp
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("Login");
    }
}

 与xml配置文件 对比:

  注意 @ComponentScan("com.oukele")这样写,扫描oukele 目录所有使用spring注解的类,这里我有点粗心大意了。^_^ 有点小尴尬了。

配置WebInit类 ( 相当于 web.xml 文件 ):

 新建一个WebInit类 实现WebApplicationIntializer接口实现方法,方法的内容如:

package com.oukele.config;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

public class WebInit implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        ctx.register(SpringWebConfig.class);//注册springWebConfig类
        ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic dynamic =
                servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(ctx));//将 配置类 添加到DispatcherServlet上下文中
        dynamic.addMapping("/");
        dynamic.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    }
}

与 web.xml 文件 对比:

添加Controller:

新建一个LoginController类

  在 oukele 这层包 下 再新建 一个 web 包出来 将 LoginController类放到里面去。

  新建一个LoginController 类

package com.oukele.web;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("pwd") String pwd) {
        String forword = null;
        if (username.equals("oukele") && pwd.equals("oukele")) {
            forword = "index";//登录成功跳转到index.jsp
        } else {
            System.out.println("no such user");
            forword = "Login";//登录失败跳转到Login.jsp继续登录操作
        }
        return forword;
    }

}

到这里 我们试试能否启动这个web项目吧。

 添加到Tomcat 运行:

这里 默认显示的就是登陆页面。

  运行结果:

 

Spring + Spring MVC 的另一种写法 (零配置文件):https://www.cnblogs.com/oukele/p/10127915.html

  开始整合Mybatis.

重新配置一下pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.oukele.ssm</groupId>
    <artifactId>MyDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>MyDemo Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <!--spring 的依赖管理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!--spring MVC -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mybatis -->
       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--MariaDB 数据库驱动  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--c3p0 数据库连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- servlet  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--jstl-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

</project>
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在oukele 这层包下 新建 entity 、dao 包

在entity包新建一个Student类

package com.oukele.entity;

public class Student {
    //学号
    private String number;
    //姓名
    private String name;
    //性别
    private String sex;
    //年龄
    private int age;
    //地址
    private String address;

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "number='" + number + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
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在dao包新建一个StudentMapper接口

package com.oukele.dao;

import com.oukele.entity.Student;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface StudentMapper {
    
    //使用xml配置文件
    Student getUserById(String number);
    //不使用配置文件使用注解
    @Select("Select * from student where number = #{number}")
    Student getUserByIdForAnnotation(String number);
    @Select("Select * from student where name = #{student.name} and age = #{student.age}")
    Student checkUser(@Param("student") Student student);
}

在main 目录下 新建一个resources 的文件夹。(注意看 resources文件夹的图标)

 

  在resources中新建一个 mybatis-config.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
    <settings>
        <!-- 使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys获取数据库自增主键值 -->
        <setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true" />
        <!-- 使用列别名替换列名 默认:true -->
        <setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true" />
        <!-- 开启驼峰命名转换:Table {create_time} -> Entity {createTime} -->
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true" />
    </settings>

</configuration>

  在 resources中新建一个mapper文件夹,此文件夹中新建一个StudentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 扫描 接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.oukele.dao.StudentMapper">
    
    <select id="getUserById" resultType="com.oukele.entity.Student">
        select * from student where number =#{number}
    </select>
    
</mapper>

 开始配置SpringDaoConfig类。

  在config包新建SpringDaoConfig类

package com.oukele.config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;

@Configuration//声明当前类是一个配置类
public class SpringDaoConfig {
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {

        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/test");
        dataSource.setDriverClass("org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUser("oukele");
        dataSource.setPassword("oukele");
        
        return dataSource;
    }

    /*@Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory") 如果不写就默认方法的名字*/
    @Bean("sqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory() throws PropertyVetoException {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();

        ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("mapper/StudentMapper.xml");
        sqlSessionFactory.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.oukele.entity");
        sqlSessionFactory.setMapperLocations(new Resource[]{resource});
        sqlSessionFactory.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource("mybatis-config.xml"));
        sqlSessionFactory.setDataSource(this.dataSource());
        return sqlSessionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public MapperScannerConfigurer getMapperScannerConfigurer() {
        MapperScannerConfigurer configurer = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        configurer.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName("sqlSessionFactory");
        configurer.setBasePackage("com.oukele.dao");
        return configurer;
    }
}

与xml文件对比:

到这里基本完成了ssm配置,我们来测试一下是否能使用。

在main包新建一个test文件夹(注意test文件夹的颜色),在test文件夹 中: --> com --> oukele --> StudentTest测试类

StudentTest类:

package com.oukele;

import com.oukele.config.SpringDaoConfig;
import com.oukele.dao.StudentMapper;
import com.oukele.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringDaoConfig.class})
public class StudentTest {

    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Test
    public void getIdInfo(){
        Student student = studentMapper.getUserById("A101");
        System.out.println(student);
    }
    @Test
    public void getName(){
        Student student = studentMapper.getUserByIdForAnnotation("B211");
        System.out.println(student);
    }

    @Test
    public void getNameAndSex(){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("小兰");
        student.setAge(18);
        Student result = studentMapper.checkUser(student);
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}
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测试结果:

1 Student{number='D331', name='小兰', sex='女', age=18, address='海南某个地方'}
2 Student{number='B211', name='小明', sex='男', age=19, address='广西某个地方'}
3 Student{number='A101', name='小华', sex='男', age=18, address='广东某个地方'} 

我们到Logincontroller去使用。

  修改一下 index.jsp页面:

 1 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 2 <html>
 3 <head>
 4     <title>主页面</title>
 5 </head>
 6 <body>
 7 <h2>Hello World!</h2>
 8 欢迎登录,${student.name} !!!!
 9 </body>
10 </html>
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运行结果:

测试数据:

create table student(
    number varchar(10) not null,
    name varchar(10) not null,
    sex varchar(4) not null,
    age int ,
    address varchar(100) 
)default charset = utf8;
insert into student values
("A101","小华","男",18,"广东某个地方"),
("B211","小明","男",19,"广西某个地方"),
("C111","小花","女",17,"珠海某个地方"),
("D331","小兰","女",18,"海南某个地方")

 本次演示代码示例下载地址:https://github.com/oukele/Spring-SpringMVC-Mybatis

posted @ 2018-12-17 10:58  追梦滴小蜗牛  阅读(3117)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报