MFC::窗口

https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/?view=msvc-170

1.窗口

1.01 获得当前窗口的句柄

//获得当前窗口的句柄
HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd();
//通过HWND获得CWnd指针
CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FromHandle(hWnd);
CString strText = _T("");
strText.Format("pWnd=0x%X\n this=0x%X\n", pWnd, this);
AfxMessageBox(strText);

1.02 获得应用程序指针

//获得应用程序指针
CDemo01App* pApp = (CDemo01App*)AfxGetApp();
//获得主窗口指针
CWnd* pMainWnd = pApp->m_pMainWnd;
CString strText = _T("");
strText.Format("pMainWnd=0x%X\nthis=0x%X\n", pMainWnd, this);
AfxMessageBox(strText);

1.03 窗口最大最小化

//最大化窗口
SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MAXIMIZE, 0);
//最小化窗口
SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MINIMIZE, 0);
//恢复窗口
SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_RESTORE, 0);
//关闭窗口
SendMessage(WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);

1.04 窗口大小和位置

//设置窗口的大小和位置
SetWindowPos(NULL, 0, 0, 320, 200, SWP_NOZORDER);    
//设置窗口的大小和位置
MoveWindow(0, 200, 200, 320);
//居中显示窗口
CenterWindow();
//设置窗口的层次
SetWindowPos(&wndTopMost, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);

1.05 窗口图标和风格

//加载图标
HICON hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
//设置图标
SetIcon(hIcon, FALSE);
//获得窗口标题
GetWindowText(strText);
//设置窗口标题
SetWindowText(strText);
//删除标题栏风格
ModifyStyle(WS_CAPTION, 0, SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
//添加标题栏风格
ModifyStyle(0, WS_CAPTION, SWP_FRAMECHANGED);

1.06 获取窗口

// 移动动鼠标获，取鼠标所在的窗口
void CDemoDlg::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
    //获得指定点的窗口
    CWnd* pWnd = WindowFromPoint(point);
    if(pWnd != NULL)
    {
        if (IsChild(pWnd))
        {
            CString strText = _T("");
            pWnd->GetWindowText(strText);
            SetWindowText(strText);
        }
    }
    CDialog::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}
//消息截获
PreTranslateMessage BOOL CDemoDlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
    if(pMsg->message == WM_MOUSEMOVE)
    {
         CPoint point(LOWORD(pMsg->lParam), HIWORD(pMsg->lParam));
        //客户区坐标转换为屏幕坐标
        ::ClientToScreen(pMsg->hwnd, &point);
        OnMouseMove(0, point);
    }
    return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}

1.07 多边形

CRect rect;
GetClientRect(rect);
//创建矩形区域CRgn rgn;
rgn.CreateRectRgn(rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
//创建椭圆形区域
rgn.CreateEllipticRgn(0, 0, rect.Width(), rect.Height());
//创建圆矩形区域
rgn.CreateRoundRectRgn(0, 0, rect.Width(), rect.Height(), rect.Width()/2, rect.Height()/2);
//创建多边形区域
CRgn rgn;
CPoint point[6];
point[0].x = 0;
point[0].y = rect.Height() / 2;
point[1].x = rect.Width() / 3;
point[1].y = 0;
point[2].x = 2* rect.Width() / 3;
point[2].y = 0;
point[3].x = rect.Width();
point[3].y = rect.Height() / 2;
point[4].x = 2* rect.Width() / 3;
point[4].y = rect.Height();
point[5].x = rect.Width() / 3;
point[5].y = rect.Height();
rgn.CreatePolygonRgn(point, 6, ALTERNATE);
//设置窗口的区域
SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn, TRUE);

1.08 透明窗口

//窗口透明
//添加WS_EX_LAYERED(0x80000)扩展风格
ModifyStyleEx(0, 0x80000);
//加载User32.DLL动态链接库
HMODULE hModule = LoadLibrary("User32.DLL");
if(hModule != NULL)
{
	typedef BOOL(WINAPI *FUNC)(HWND, COLORREF, BYTE, DWORD);
	//获得SetLayeredWindowAttributes函数指针 
	FUNC func = (FUNC)GetProcAddress(hModule, "SetLayeredWindowAttributes");
	if(func != NULL)
	{
		func(GetSafeHwnd(), 0, 128, 2);
	}
	FreeLibrary(hModule);
}

1.09 窗口闪烁

//窗口从一种状态闪烁到另一种状态
FlashWindow(TRUE);
//窗口返回原始状态
FlashWindow(FALSE);
 
// 图片窗口
BOOL CDemoDlg::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC) 
{
    CRect rect;
    GetWindowRect(&rect);
    CBitmap bmp;
    bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_BITMAP);
    CDC dc;
    dc.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);
    dc.SelectObject(&bmp);
    pDC->BitBlt(0, 0, rect.Width(), rect.Height(), &dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
    return TRUE;
    //return CDialog::OnEraseBkgnd(pDC);
}

1.10 窗口任务栏

//获得任务栏窗口
CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FindWindow(_T("Shell_TrayWnd"), NULL);
//发送ID为0x1F5（Win + M）的WM_HOTKEY消息
pWnd->SendMessage(WM_HOTKEY, 0x1F5);

//获得窗口大小CRect rect;
pWnd->GetClientRect(rect);

//隐藏窗口
if(pWnd->IsWindowVisible())
{
    pWnd->ShowWindow(SW_HIDE);
}
//显示窗口
if(!pWnd->IsWindowVisible())
{
    pWnd->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);
}

1.10 枚举桌面所有顶层窗口

// 枚举桌面所有顶层窗口
void CDemoDlg::OnTest1() 
{
    CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    pList->DeleteAllItems();
    pList->SetRedraw(FALSE);
    //获得桌面窗口
    CWnd* pDesktopWnd = CWnd::GetDesktopWindow();
   //获得第一个子窗口
   CWnd* pWnd = pDesktopWnd->GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
   while(pWnd != NULL)
    {
        intnItem = pList->GetItemCount();
        //获得窗口类名CString strClassName = _T("");
        ::GetClassName(pWnd->GetSafeHwnd(), strClassName.GetBuffer(256), 256);
        strClassName.ReleaseBuffer();
        pList->InsertItem(nItem, strClassName);
        //获得窗口标题CString strWindowText= _T("");
        ::GetWindowText(pWnd->GetSafeHwnd(), strWindowText.GetBuffer(256), 256);
        strWindowText.ReleaseBuffer();
        pList->SetItemText(nItem, 1, strWindowText);
        //继续下一个子窗口 pWnd = pWnd->GetWindow(GW_HWNDNEXT);
    }
    pList->SetRedraw(TRUE);
}

void CDemoDlg::OnTest2() 
{
    CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    pList->DeleteAllItems();
    pList->SetRedraw(FALSE);
   //枚举窗口    
   ::EnumWindows(EnumWndProc, (LPARAM)pList);
   pList->SetRedraw(TRUE);
}

BOOL CALLBACK EnumWndProc(HWND hwnd,LPARAM lParam)
{
    if(hwnd == NULL)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }
    CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)lParam;
    intnItem = pList->GetItemCount();
    //获得窗口类名CString strClassName = _T("");
    ::GetClassName(hwnd, strClassName.GetBuffer(256), 256);
    strClassName.ReleaseBuffer();
    pList->InsertItem(nItem, strClassName);
    //获得窗口标题CString strWindowText= _T("");
    ::GetWindowText(hwnd, strWindowText.GetBuffer(256), 256);
    strWindowText.ReleaseBuffer();
    pList->SetItemText(nItem, 1, strWindowText);
    return TRUE;
}