python3.7之12306抢票脚本实现
悲催的12306，彻底沦为各路抢票软件的服务提供方。元旦伊始，纯粹12306官网及APP抢票，愈一周的时间，仅到手一张凌晨3:55回家的站票。为远离脑残，无奈选择抢票软件，预购年后返沪车票。BTW，研究一下抢票脚本的实现思路，参考：（https://juejin.im/post/5b116504f265da6e0636cbc2 - Python3.6实现12306火车票自动抢票）。
在原作者之上，对执行代码做了以下处理：
- 删除短信/邮件通知功能
- 删除控制台输入功能
- 新增登陆cookie的刷新
- 新增多车次抢票
- 新增多座位类型抢票
注：使用 splinter.browser 在调用时，注意将 chrome驱动路径（chromedriver.exe所在）配置在环境变量 - path 下。
代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from splinter.browser import Browser from time import sleep import sys class BrushTicket(object): """买票类及实现方法""" def __init__(self, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number_seat): """定义实例属性，初始化""" # 乘客姓名 self.passengers = passengers # 起始站和终点站 self.from_station = from_station self.to_station = to_station # 乘车日期 self.from_time = from_time # 车次 - 座位 dict num_seat_dic = {} for num_seat in number_seat: use = num_seat.split(':') num = use[0] seats = use[1] seats_use = seats.split(',') seat_str = '' for seat in seats_use: # 座位类型所在td位置 if seat == '商务座特等座': seat_type_index = 1 seat_type_value = 9 elif seat == '一等座': seat_type_index = 2 seat_type_value = 'M' elif seat == '二等座': seat_type_index = 3 seat_type_value = 0 elif seat == '高级软卧': seat_type_index = 4 seat_type_value = 6 elif seat == '软卧': seat_type_index = 5 seat_type_value = 4 elif seat == '动卧': seat_type_index = 6 seat_type_value = 'F' elif seat == '硬卧': seat_type_index = 7 seat_type_value = 3 elif seat == '软座': seat_type_index = 8 seat_type_value = 2 elif seat == '硬座': seat_type_index = 9 seat_type_value = 1 elif seat == '无座': seat_type_index = 10 seat_type_value = 1 elif seat == '其他': seat_type_index = 11 seat_type_value = 1 else: seat_type_index = 7 seat_type_value = 3 seat_str += (str(seat_type_index) + '-' + str(seat_type_value) + ',') num_seat_dic[num] = seat_str self.num_seat_dic = num_seat_dic # 新版12306官网主要页面网址 self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html' self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html' self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc' # 浏览器驱动信息，驱动下载页：https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads self.driver_name = 'chrome' self.driver = Browser("chrome") def do_login(self): """登录功能实现，手动识别验证码进行登录""" self.driver.visit(self.login_url) sleep(1) # 选择登陆方式登陆 print('请扫码登陆或者账号登陆……') while True: if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url: sleep(1) else: break def start_brush(self): """买票功能实现""" # 浏览器窗口最大化 self.driver.driver.maximize_window() # 登陆 self.do_login() # 跳转到抢票页面 self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) try: print('开始刷票……') # 加载车票查询信息 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time}) self.driver.reload() count = 0 while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click() sleep(1) count += 1 print('第%d次点击查询……' % count) if count % 50 == 0: self.driver.find_by_id('login_user').click() sleep(1) self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) sleep(1) print('继续刷票......') # 加载车票查询信息 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time}) self.driver.reload() if self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: continue try: # 多车次处理 for bander in self.num_seat_dic.keys(): current_tr = self.driver.find_by_xpath('//tr[@datatran="' + bander + '"]/preceding-sibling::tr[1]') if current_tr: # 多座次处理 seat_value = self.num_seat_dic[bander] seat_split = seat_value.split(',') for seat in seat_split: if seat: seat_type = seat.split('-') seat_type_index = int(seat_type[0]) seat_type_value = int(seat_type[1]) if current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[seat_type_index].text == '--': print(bander + ' 还未出售') sleep(1) elif current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[seat_type_index].text == '无': print(bander + ' 无票，继续尝试……') sleep(1) else: # 有票，尝试预订 print(bander + ' 刷到票了（余票数：' + str( current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[seat_type_index].text) + '），开始尝试预订……') current_tr.find_by_css('td.no-br>a')[0].click() sleep(1) key_value = 1 for p in self.passengers: # 选择用户 print('开始选择用户……') self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click() # 选择座位类型 print('开始选择席别……') if seat_type_value != 0: self.driver.find_by_xpath( "//select[@id='seatType_" + str(key_value) + "']/option[@value='" + str( seat_type_value) + "']").first.click() key_value += 1 sleep(0.2) if p[-1] == ')': self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click() print('正在提交订单……') self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click() sleep(2) # 查看放回结果是否正常 submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id('orderResultInfo_id')[0].text if submit_false_info != '': print(submit_false_info) self.driver.find_by_id('qr_closeTranforDialog_id').click() sleep(0.2) self.driver.find_by_id('preStep_id').click() sleep(0.3) continue print('正在确认订单……') self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click() print('预订成功，请及时前往支付……') else: print('不存在当前车次【%s】，已结束当前刷票，请重新开启！' % self.number) sys.exit(1) except Exception as error_info: print(error_info) except Exception as error_info: print(error_info) if __name__ == '__main__': # nya passengers=['***'] # 用户名 from_time='2019-02-01' # 出发日期 from_station='%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH' # 起始站点 - 来自12306 余票查询 请求 - cookie （此处 - 上海） to_station='%u6C11%u6743%2CMQF' # 结束站点 （此处 - 民权） number_seat=['K4054:硬座,无座','K4168:硬座,无座'] # 车次：座位类型 # 开始抢票 ticket = BrushTicket(passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number_seat) ticket.start_brush()
