实验6:开源控制器实践——RYU

实验6:开源控制器实践——RYU

一、实验目的

  • 能够独立部署RYU控制器;
  • 能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的集线器原理;
  • 能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的交换机原理。

二、实验环境

  • 下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware;
  • 在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64,并完整安装Mininet;

三、实验要求

(一)基本要求

  • 完成Ryu控制器的安装。

  • 搭建下图所示SDN拓扑,协议使用Open Flow 1.0,并连接Ryu控制器。

  • 通过Ryu的图形界面查看网络拓扑。

  • 阅读Ryu文档的The First Application一节,运行并使用 tcpdump 验证L2Switch,分析和POX的Hub模块有何不同。

    • LSwitch代码
      from ryu.base import app_manager
      from ryu.controller import ofp_event
      from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER
      from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
      from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_0
      
      class L2Switch(app_manager.RyuApp):
          OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION]
      
          def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
              super(L2Switch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
      
          @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
          def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
              msg = ev.msg
              dp = msg.datapath
              ofp = dp.ofproto
              ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser
      
              actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)]
      
              data = None
              if msg.buffer_id == ofp.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
                   data = msg.data
      
              out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
                  datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=msg.in_port,
                  actions=actions, data = data)
              dp.send_msg(out)
      
    • 运行并使用 tcpdump 验证L2Switch
      • 运行L2Switch
      • h1 ping h2
      • h1 ping h3
      • 分析和POX的Hub模块有何不同
        与hub模块一样,L2Switch也是用洪泛发送ICMP报文,当h1 ping h2时h3也会收到ICMP报文;但是与hub模块不同的是,L2sWitch所下发的流表不可查看

(二)进阶要求

  • 阅读Ryu关于simple_switch.py和simple_switch_1x.py的实现,以simple_switch_13.py为例,完成其代码的注释工作,并回答下列问题:
    a)代码当中的mac_to_port的作用是什么?
    保存mac地址到交换机端口的字典,为交换机自学习功能提供数据。

    b)simple_switch和simple_switch_13在dpid的输出上有何不同?
    simple_switch赋值:dpid = datapath.id
    simple_switch_13赋值:dpid = dpid = format(datapath.id, "d").zfill(16)
    simple_switch直接输出dpid,simple_switch_13会将不足16位的,在前端补0至16位。

    c)相比simple_switch,simple_switch_13增加的switch_feature_handler实现了什么功能?
    交换机以特性应答消息响应特性请求

    d)simple_switch_13是如何实现流规则下发的?
    在接收到packetin事件后,首先获取各种信息:交换机信息,以太网信息,协议信息等。如果以太网类型是LLDP则忽略它。如果不是,则获取源端口目的端口,以及交换机id,使机器自学习源地址对应的交换机的入端口,再查看是否已经学习目的mac地址,如果没有则进行洪泛转发。如果学习过该mac地址,则查看是否有buffer_id,如果有的话,则在添加流动作时加上buffer_id,向交换机发送流表

    e)switch_features_handler和_packet_in_handler两个事件在发送流规则的优先级上有何不同?
    switch_features_handler下发流表的优先级更高

  • 注释

# Copyright (C) 2011 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types


class SimpleSwitch13(app_manager.RyuApp):
    # 指openflow版本
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(SimpleSwitch13, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 定义保存mac地址到端口的一个字典
        self.mac_to_port = {}

    # 处理EventOFPSwitchFeatures事件
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install table-miss flow entry
        #
        # We specify NO BUFFER to max_len of the output action due to
        # OVS bug. At this moment, if we specify a lesser number, e.g.,
        # 128, OVS will send Packet-In with invalid buffer_id and
        # truncated packet data. In that case, we cannot output packets
        # correctly.  The bug has been fixed in OVS v2.1.0.
        # match:流表项匹配,OFPMatch():不匹配任何信息
        match = parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                          ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)#添加流表项

    # 添加流表函数
    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions, buffer_id=None):
        # 获取交换机信息
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                             actions)]
        # 判断是否有buffer_id,生成mod对象
        if buffer_id:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=buffer_id,
                                    priority=priority, match=match,
                                    instructions=inst)
        else:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                                    match=match, instructions=inst)
        # 发送mod
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    # 当触发packet in事件时,调用_packet_in_handler函数
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def _packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        # If you hit this you might want to increase
        # the "miss_send_length" of your switch
        if ev.msg.msg_len < ev.msg.total_len:
            self.logger.debug("packet truncated: only %s of %s bytes",
                              ev.msg.msg_len, ev.msg.total_len)
        # 获取包信息,交换机信息,协议等等,如果是lldp报文则忽略
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
        eth = pkt.get_protocols(ethernet.ethernet)[0]

        # 忽略LLDP类型
        if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP:
            # ignore lldp packet
            return

        # 获取源端口,目的端口
        dst = eth.dst
        src = eth.src

        dpid = format(datapath.id, "d").zfill(16)
        self.mac_to_port.setdefault(dpid, {})

        self.logger.info("packet in %s %s %s %s", dpid, src, dst, in_port)

        # 交换机自学习包的源地址,和交换机上的入端口绑定
        # learn a mac address to avoid FLOOD next time.
        self.mac_to_port[dpid][src] = in_port

        # 查看是否已经学习过该目的mac地址
        if dst in self.mac_to_port[dpid]:
            out_port = self.mac_to_port[dpid][dst]
        # 否则进行洪泛
        else:
            out_port = ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]

        # 下发流表处理后续包,不再触发 packet in 事件
        # install a flow to avoid packet_in next time
        if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
            match = parser.OFPMatch(in_port=in_port, eth_dst=dst, eth_src=src)
            # verify if we have a valid buffer_id, if yes avoid to send both
            # flow_mod & packet_out
            if msg.buffer_id != ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions, msg.buffer_id)
                return
            else:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)
        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
            data = msg.data
		# 发送Packet_out数据包
        out = parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,
                                  in_port=in_port, actions=actions, data=data)
        # 发送流表
        datapath.send_msg(out)

四、总结

遇到的困难及解决方法

  • 在搭建好拓扑后ping不通,原因是我先搭建了拓扑后才连接Ryu控制器;重来一遍,先连接Ryu控制器后再搭建拓扑ping成功
  • 在查看进阶要求中的代码注释时遇到了理解困难,多百度、查资料、找同学后就可以解决

个人感想

这次实验难度对我来说基本要求较简单,进阶要求较难。基本要求中需要观察验证的方式在实验5都已经熟悉了,这次做起来就更加得心应手了。通过这次实验,我对L2Switch的发送报文方式更加理解了,也知道了它与hub模式之间的区别,希望以后能有机会去进一步运用它们。然而进阶要求的查看代码并理解后注释却比较困难,只有一步步仔细查看、理解,遇到不会的就搜索资料或者问同学,才理解了并注释好了代码。

posted @ 2021-10-17 17:09  阿韦  阅读(126)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报