ESXi给虚拟机分区扩容

ESXI虚拟机磁盘原有是40G现扩容到240G。

df -Th 这是参数连着写。相当于df -T -h

-T：代表type类型，可以查看到磁盘的类型。

-h：代表human人类，就是以人们熟悉的单位来表示磁盘大小，如K、M、G。如果不加这个参数，默认以KB字节单位显示，可读性差。

查询结果含义：size代表磁盘总大小，used代表已使用的空间，avail代表剩余可用空间。我们重点关注根目录的磁盘使用情况即可。

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs            devtmpfs  890M     0  890M   0% /dev
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M     0  908M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M  8.7M  900M   1% /run
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M     0  908M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rl-root xfs        37G   15G   23G  40% /
/dev/sda2           xfs      1014M  208M  807M  21% /boot
/dev/sda1           vfat      599M  5.8M  594M   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs               tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0

lsblk命令的英文是“list block”，即用于列出所有可用块设备的信息，而且还能显示他们之间的依赖关系。

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  240G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0  600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3        8:3    0 38.4G  0 part 
  ├─rl-root 253:0    0 36.4G  0 lvm  /
  └─rl-swap 253:1    0  2.1G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom   

fdisk -l //查看磁盘分区情况

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (83886079 != 503316479) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/sda: 240 GiB, 257698037760 bytes, 503316480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 98C577F9-5440-4CA8-B519-8E54635464D4

Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1230847 1228800 600M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1230848 3327999 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 3328000 83884031 80556032 38.4G Linux LVM

 Disk /dev/mapper/rl-root: 36.4 GiB, 39036387328 bytes, 76242944 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/rl-swap: 2.1 GiB, 2206203904 bytes, 4308992 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

fdisk/dev/sda 创建分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

GPT PMBR size mismatch (83886079 != 503316479) will be corrected by write.

打印分区表

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 240 GiB, 257698037760 bytes, 503316480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 98C577F9-5440-4CA8-B519-8E54635464D4

Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1230847 1228800 600M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1230848 3327999 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 3328000 83884031 80556032 38.4G Linux LVM

打印菜单

Command (m for help): m

Help:

GPT
M enter protective/hybrid MBR

Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition

Misc
m print this menu
x extra functionality (experts only)

Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes

Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table

创建一个新分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4):
First sector (83884032-503316446, default 83884032):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (83884032-503316446, default 503316446):

Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 200 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4):
Partition type (type L to list all types): 31

Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

写入分区并退出

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  240G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0  600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda3        8:3    0 38.4G  0 part 
│ ├─rl-root 253:0    0 36.4G  0 lvm  /
│ └─rl-swap 253:1    0  2.1G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda4        8:4    0  200G  0 part 
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom 

 格式化新建的分区  mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Creating filesystem with 52428800 4k blocks and 13132800 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 9fa537ed-7990-4173-999d-653a7a225761
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done     

逻辑卷管理器LVM

[root@localhost ~]# lvm

创建物理卷 pvcreate

lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda4.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
lvm> vgextend rl /dev/sda4
  Volume group "rl" successfully extended

显示物理卷属性 pvdisplay

lvm> vgdisplay -v

--- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rl
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <238.41 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              61032
  Alloc PE / Size       9833 / 38.41 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       51199 / <200.00 GiB
  VG UUID               1rRNwf-Hn1K-Gm1M-tkZW-2V86-zIFC-hIdRWZ
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rl/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                rl
  LV UUID                B46CgP-AocJ-uDGF-AAZw-I2mS-wLtt-k8haf1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2024-05-31 14:33:21 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <36.36 GiB
  Current LE             9307
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rl/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                rl
  LV UUID                x04tXm-Nv8M-z3QL-HFZr-NQjB-YCbr-SbEC8y
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2024-05-31 14:33:21 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.05 GiB
  Current LE             526
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3     
  PV UUID               qA408B-lu9c-okAP-Ll3Z-aUOj-bjfM-ntse1u
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    9833 / 0
   
  PV Name               /dev/sda4     
  PV UUID               EMTUp0-7wcX-vkdd-45jo-qtES-Wapb-kk2ijC
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    51199 / 51199

扩展逻辑卷的大小 lvextend

lvextend -L +扩容大小 -r 逻辑卷 //扩展逻辑卷

-r 立刻刷新文件系统

lvm> lvextend -l+51199 /dev/mapper/rl-root
  Size of logical volume rl/root changed from <36.36 GiB (9307 extents) to 236.35 GiB (60506 extents).
  Logical volume rl/root successfully resized.
lvm> quit
  Exiting.

使用xfs_growfs命令增加 XFS 文件系统的大小。必须挂载 XFS 文件系统，并且底层设备上必须有可用空间。xfs_growfs 实用程序最常用于逻辑卷。

xfs_growfs 命令的语法如下： xfs_growfs [options] mount-point

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rl-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rl-root    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2382592 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=9530368, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=4653, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9530368 to 61958144

查看磁盘信息，分区已扩容成功。

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs            devtmpfs  890M     0  890M   0% /dev
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M     0  908M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M  8.7M  900M   1% /run
tmpfs               tmpfs     908M     0  908M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rl-root xfs       237G   16G  221G   7% /
/dev/sda2           xfs      1014M  208M  807M  21% /boot
/dev/sda1           vfat      599M  5.8M  594M   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs               tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0