C++ 字符串实用参考

一、C 风格字符串，用来处理单字节字符串

 

cstring (string.h)

header

C Strings

This header file defines several functions to manipulate C strings and arrays.

Functions

Copying:

memcpy

Copy block of memory (function)

memmove

Move block of memory (function )

strcpy

Copy string (function)

strncpy

Copy characters from string (function)

Concatenation:

strcat

Concatenate strings (function)

strncat

Append characters from string (function)

Comparison:

memcmp

Compare two blocks of memory (function)

strcmp

Compare two strings (function )

strcoll

Compare two strings using locale (function)

strncmp

Compare characters of two strings (function)

strxfrm

Transform string using locale (function)

Searching:

memchr

Locate character in block of memory (function)

strchr

Locate first occurrence of character in string (function)

strcspn

Get span until character in string (function)

strpbrk

Locate character in string (function)

strrchr

Locate last occurrence of character in string (function)

strspn

Get span of character set in string (function)

strstr

Locate substring (function)

strtok

Split string into tokens (function)

Other:

memset

Fill block of memory (function)

strerror

Get pointer to error message string (function)

strlen

Get string length (function )

Macros

NULL	Null pointer (macro)

Types

size_t

Unsigned integral type (type)

 

二、stl::string  标准库提供的字符串类

String class

String objects are a special type of container, specifically designed to operate with sequences of characters.

Unlike traditional c-strings, which are mere sequences of characters in a memory array, C++ string objects belong to a class with many built-in features to operate with strings in a more intuitive way and with some additional useful features common to C++ containers.

The string class is an instantiation of the basic_string class template, defined in <string> as:
typedef basic_string<char> string;

typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring;

Member functions

(constructor)

Construct string object (constructor member )

operator=

String assignment (public member function)

Iterators:

begin

Return iterator to beginning (public member function)

end	Return iterator to end (public member function)

rbegin

Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)

rend	Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function)

Capacity:

size	Return length of string (public member function)

length

Return length of string (public member function)

max_size

Return maximum size of string (public member function)

resize

Resize string (public member function)

capacity

Return size of allocated storage (public member function)

reserve

Request a change in capacity (public member function)

clear

Clear string (public member function)

empty

Test if string is empty (public member function)

Element access:

operator[]

Get character in string (public member function)

at	Get character in string (public member function)

Modifiers:

operator+=

Append to string (public member function)

append

Append to string (public member function)

push_back

Append character to string (public member function)

assign

Assign content to string (public member function )

insert

Insert into string (public member function )

erase

Erase characters from string (public member function)

replace

Replace part of string (public member function )

swap	Swap contents with another string (public member function)

String operations:

c_str

Get C string equivalent (public member function )

data	Get string data (public member function)

get_allocator

Get allocator (public member function)

copy	Copy sequence of characters from string (public member function)

find	Find content in string (public member function)

rfind

Find last occurrence of content in string (public member function)

find_first_of

Find character in string (public member function)

find_last_of

Find character in string from the end (public member function)

find_first_not_of

Find absence of character in string

find_last_not_of

Find absence of character in string from the end (public member function)

substr

Generate substring (public member function)

compare

Compare strings (public member function )

 

三、String-Manipulation Routines

String-Manipulation Routines

Routine	Use
_mbscoll, _mbsicoll, _mbsncoll, _mbsnicoll	Compare two multibyte-character strings using multibyte code page information (_mbsicoll and _mbsnicoll are case-insensitive)
_mbsdec, _strdec, _wcsdec	Move string pointer back one character
_mbsinc, _strinc, _wcsinc	Advance string pointer by one character
_mbslen	Get number of multibyte characters in multibyte-character string; dependent upon OEM code page
_mbsnbcat	Append, at most, first n bytes of one multibyte-character string to another
_mbsnbcmp	Compare first n bytes of two multibyte-character strings
_mbsnbcnt	Return number of multibyte-character bytes within supplied character count
_mbsnbcpy	Copy n bytes of string
_mbsnbicmp	Compare n bytes of two multibyte-character strings, ignoring case
_mbsnbset	Set first n bytes of multibyte-character string to specified character
_mbsnccnt	Return number of multibyte characters within supplied byte count
_mbsnextc, _strnextc, _wcsnextc	Find next character in string
_mbsninc. _strninc, _wcsninc	Advance string pointer by n characters
_mbsspnp, _strspnp, _wcsspnp	Return pointer to first character in given string that is not in another given string
_mbstrlen	Get number of multibyte characters in multibyte-character string; locale-dependent
_scprintf, _scwprintf	Return the number of characters in a formatted string
_snscanf, _snwscanf	Read formatted data of a specified length from the standard input stream.
sprintf, _stprintf	Write formatted data to a string
strcat, wcscat, _mbscat	Append one string to another
strchr, wcschr, _mbschr	Find first occurrence of specified character in string
strcmp, wcscmp, _mbscmp	Compare two strings
strcoll, wcscoll, _stricoll, _wcsicoll, _strncoll, _wcsncoll, _strnicoll, _wcsnicoll	Compare two strings using current locale code page information (_stricoll, _wcsicoll, _strnicoll, and _wcsnicoll are case-insensitive)
strcpy, wcscpy, _mbscpy	Copy one string to another
strcspn, wcscspn, _mbscspn,	Find first occurrence of character from specified character set in string
_strdup, _wcsdup, _mbsdup	Duplicate string
strerror, _wcserror	Map error number to message string
_strerror, __wcserror	Map user-defined error message to string
strftime, wcsftime	Format date-and-time string
_stricmp, _wcsicmp, _mbsicmp	Compare two strings without regard to case
strlen, wcslen, _mbslen, _mbstrlen	Find length of string
_strlwr, _wcslwr, _mbslwr	Convert string to lowercase
strncat, wcsncat, _mbsncat	Append characters of string
strncmp, wcsncmp, _mbsncmp	Compare characters of two strings
strncpy, wcsncpy, _mbsncpy	Copy characters of one string to another
_strnicmp, _wcsnicmp, _mbsnicmp	Compare characters of two strings without regard to case
_strnset, _wcsnset, _mbsnset	Set first n characters of string to specified character
strpbrk, wcspbrk, _mbspbrk	Find first occurrence of character from one string in another string
strrchr, wcsrchr,_mbsrchr	Find last occurrence of given character in string
_strrev, _wcsrev,_mbsrev	Reverse string
_strset, _wcsset, _mbsset	Set all characters of string to specified character
strspn, wcsspn, _mbsspn	Find first substring from one string in another string
strstr, wcsstr, _mbsstr	Find first occurrence of specified string in another string
strtok, wcstok, _mbstok	Find next token in string
_strupr, _wcsupr, _mbsupr	Convert string to uppercase
strxfrm, wcsxfrm	Transform string into collated form based on locale-specific information
vsprintf, _vstprint	Write formatted output using a pointer to a list of arguments