前言

  Toast相信大家都不会陌生吧,如果对于Toast不甚了解,可以参考我的上一篇博客《Android:谈一谈安卓应用中的Toast情节》,里面有关于Toast基础比较详细的介绍。但是如果你想要看的是最原汁原味的Toast攻略,我非常建议你:出门右转,谷歌官网,据说是一个非常给力的地儿,一般人我还不告诉他呢。但是!如果官网的开发者指南都满足不了你的胃口的话,那你还是得准备点西瓜瓜子回来吧,搬个板凳坐前排来一起分析一下Toast的源码设计。

Toast的源代码世界

  这个故事要从哪里说起呢?话说很久很久以前,程序员菜鸟小明不小心搜索到了Toast这个java文件,顿时小明心跳加速、脸红耳赤的:“这可不是我经常用到的Toast吗?”。怀揣着程序员固有的好奇心的小明点进了这个代码文件,发现了这么一个函数

public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int duration) {
        Toast result = new Toast(context);

        LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)
                context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);
        TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);
        tv.setText(text);
        
        result.mNextView = v;
        result.mDuration = duration;

        return result;
    }

好眼熟,貌似昨天还刚刚跟它在代码上打过招呼呢。小明顿时有一种很高大上的感觉,这就是传说中的android源代码!

小明瞄了几眼代码,马上总结出两个信息:1、android源码真简单!2、Toast显示的布局文件是transient_notification.xml!

怀揣这洋洋得意的心思,小明在源代码中开始搜索transient_notification.xml,一顿卡死,终于在快放弃的时候给出了结果。

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="match_parent"  
    android:layout_height="match_parent"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
    android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground">  
  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@android:id/message"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_weight="1"  
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"  
        android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast"  
        android:textColor="@color/bright_foreground_dark"  
        android:shadowColor="#BB000000"  
        android:shadowRadius="2.75"  
        />  
  
</LinearLayout>  

这简单的不像话了!!小明愤怒了。但是愤怒归愤怒,小明还是继续往下看了,接下来看什么呢,肯定是show()方法了。

小明边念念叨叨的:“作为一个二十一世纪的优秀攻城狮,我们需要的是一种探索源代码的情怀。。。。。。”,一边定位到了show()的代码。

public void show() {
  if (mNextView == null) {
    throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
  }

  INotificationManager service = getService();
  String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
  TN tn = mTN;
  tn.mNextView = mNextView;

  try {
    service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
  } catch (RemoteException e) {
    // Empty
  }
}

   这里好像是要先获取一个服务:INotificationManager,然后调用service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration)好像是将Toast放到一个队列里面显示吧;小明这么底气不足的理解着。这个TN是个啥子玩意呢?没见过?那就来个第一次约会咯。代码搜索出炉:

private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub {  
        final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                handleShow();  
            }  
        };  
  
        final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                handleHide();  
                // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()  
                mNextView = null;  
            }  
        };  
  
        private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();  
        final Handler mHandler = new Handler();      
  
        int mGravity;  
        int mX, mY;  
        float mHorizontalMargin;  
        float mVerticalMargin;  
  
  
        View mView;  
        View mNextView;  
  
        WindowManager mWM;  
  
        TN() {  
            // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast  
            // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.  
            final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;  
            params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
            params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
            params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
            params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;  
            params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
            params.setTitle("Toast");  
            params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;  
        }  
  
        /** 
         * schedule handleShow into the right thread 
         */  
        @Override  
        public void show() {  
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);  
            mHandler.post(mShow);  
        }  
  
        /** 
         * schedule handleHide into the right thread 
         */  
        @Override  
        public void hide() {  
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);  
            mHandler.post(mHide);  
        }  
  
        public void handleShow() {  
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView  
                    + " mNextView=" + mNextView);  
            if (mView != mNextView) {  
                // remove the old view if necessary  
                handleHide();  
                mView = mNextView;  
                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();  
                if (context == null) {  
                    context = mView.getContext();  
                }  
                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
                // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting  
                // the layout direction  
                final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();  
                final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());  
                mParams.gravity = gravity;  
                if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {  
                    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;  
                }  
                if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {  
                    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;  
                }  
                mParams.x = mX;  
                mParams.y = mY;  
                mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;  
                mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;  
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                    mWM.removeView(mView);  
                }  
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                mWM.addView(mView, mParams);  
                trySendAccessibilityEvent();  
            }  
        }  
  
        private void trySendAccessibilityEvent() {  
            AccessibilityManager accessibilityManager =  
                    AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mView.getContext());  
            if (!accessibilityManager.isEnabled()) {  
                return;  
            }  
            // treat toasts as notifications since they are used to  
            // announce a transient piece of information to the user  
            AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain(  
                    AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED);  
            event.setClassName(getClass().getName());  
            event.setPackageName(mView.getContext().getPackageName());  
            mView.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);  
            accessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);  
        }          
  
        public void handleHide() {  
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);  
            if (mView != null) {  
                // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has  
                // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when  
                // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.  
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                    mWM.removeView(mView);  
                }  
  
                mView = null;  
            }  
        }  
    } 

乍一看,把小明给虚的,急忙找来大牛程序员帮忙讲解一下。大牛认真过了几眼,咦~其实也不是那么复杂的。这时大牛注意到了这个TN继承了ITransientNotification.Stub,这个类的形式不知道大家还熟悉吗?连小明好像在博客园里面介绍AIDL的文章时懵懵懂懂看到过这种形式的类,可是没等小明反应过来,大牛顺手就在源代码中搜索了一下:ITransientNotification

“果断是AIDL!!”小明惊叹。果然大神跟菜鸟就是不一样,大牛这时打开ITransientNotification瞄一瞄,发现了show()和hide()这两个方法。

package android.app;  
  
/** @hide */  
oneway interface ITransientNotification {  
    void show();  
    void hide();  
} 

“那么应该回去TN看看他的实现了”,大牛跟小明说。

@Override  
public void show() {  
    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);  
    mHandler.post(mShow);  
}  

@Override  
public void hide() {  
    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);  
    mHandler.post(mHide);  
}  

原来是使用handler机制,分别post一个nShow和一个mHide,再接再厉,追踪源码

final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {  
  @Override  
  public void run() {  
    handleShow();  
  }  
};  
  
final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {  
  @Override  
  public void run() {  
    handleHide();  
    mNextView = null;  
  }  
};

小明这次学聪明了,毕竟跟大牛学习比小明整天啃得那些《七天精通Android编程》之类的坑爹书靠谱多了,所以小明跟大牛说,我们应该看看handleShow()的实现,正解!

public void handleShow() {  
  if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView  
     + " mNextView=" + mNextView);  
  if (mView != mNextView) {  
  // remove the old view if necessary  
  handleHide();  
  mView = mNextView;  
  Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();  
  if (context == null) {  
    context = mView.getContext();  
  }  
  mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
  // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting  
  // the layout direction  
  final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();  
  final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());  
  mParams.gravity = gravity;  
  if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {  
    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;  
  }  
  if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {  
    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;  
  }  
  mParams.x = mX;  
  mParams.y = mY;  
  mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;  
  mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;  
  if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
      mWM.removeView(mView);  
  }  
  if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);  
  mWM.addView(mView, mParams);  
  trySendAccessibilityEvent();  
  }  
} 

原来是Toast的视图是通过WindowManager的addView来加载的,小明突然感觉自己向高级程序员迈进了一大步-----“怎么说哥现在也是了解实现原理的人了!”

他们接下来又把邪恶的目光定位在TN()这个构造方法上面

TN() {  
  final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;  
  params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
  params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
  params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
  params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;  
  params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
  params.setTitle("Toast");  
  params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;  
}  

这就是设置Toast中的View的各种位置参数params。

但是小明还是有点不明白,大牛看到小明神游的样子,就给他解释道:

  其实Toast的原理是这样的,先通过makeText()实例化出一个Toast,然后调用toast.Show()方法,这时并不会马上显示Toast,而是会实例化一个TN变量,然后通过service.enqueueToast()将其加到服务队列里面去等待显示。在TN中进行调控Toast的显示格式以及里面的hide()、show()方法来控制Toast的出现以及消失,强调一下的是这个队列是系统维护的,我们并不能干涉。

小明若有所思的点点头。。。。。。

 自由控制Toast的显示时间

  时间就像水,干着干着就干了,撸着撸着就没了,吸着吸着就瘪了。两三天又过去了,突然有一天头儿给小明吩咐了一个活:给应用设置一个较长时间的Toast。这还不简单,小明偷偷在工位上打着瞌睡揉揉眼睛,Toast.setDuration()不就解决了嘛~要几秒就设几秒咯,这还是事儿?但是,谷歌又一次坑了他:因为小明不管怎么设置,Toast只能有显示2s和3.5s这两个情况,这时为啥呢?小明突然想起前些天翻了翻Toast的源码,赶紧去里面找答案

private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r)  {  
  mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r);  
  Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r);  
  long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY;  
  mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay);  
}
private static final int LONG_DELAY = 3500; // 3.5 seconds  
private static final int SHORT_DELAY = 2000; // 2 seconds  

  我们呢看到这里是使用了handler中的延迟发信息来显示toast的,这里我们也看到了,延迟时间是duration,但是只有两个值:2s和3.5s这两个值,所以我们在之前说过我们设置toast的显示时间是没有任何效果的,所以小明又得去请教大牛了,果然活都不会是那么简单的。。。。。。。

大牛早有研究,他分析道:你还记得我们前些天分析的Toast源代码吗?Toast的显示是首先借助TN类,所有的显示逻辑在这个类中的show方法中,然后再实例一个TN类变量,将传递到一个队列中进行显示,所以我们要向解决这个显示的时间问题,那就从入队列这部给截断,说白了就两点:

1、不让Toast进入队列

2、调用TN类中的hide和show的方法自己控制Toast

但是第一点好实现,第二点让人抓狂了,因为我们看到TN这个类是私有的,所以我们也不能实例化他的对象,但是toast类中有一个实例化对象:tn

final TN mTN;  

竟然是包访问权限,大牛一脸淫笑的说,咱们得借助无比强大的反射技术,我们只需要反射出这个变量,然后强暴她一次即可,得到这个变量我们可以得到这个TN类对象了,然后再使用反射获取他的show和hide方法即可,代码如下:

方法一:

public class ToastReflect {
    
    private Toast mToast;
    private Field field;
    private Object obj;
    private Method showMethod, hideMethod;
    private double time;
    
    private ToastReflect(Context context, String text, double time){
        this.time = time;
        mToast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
        reflectionTN();
    }
    
    private void reflectionTN() {
        try{
            field = mToast.getClass().getDeclaredField("mTN");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            obj = field.get(mToast);
            showMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("show", null);
            hideMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("hide", null);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static ToastReflect makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
        ToastReflect toastReflect = new ToastReflect(context, text, time);
        return toastReflect;
    }
    
    private void showToast(){
        try{
            showMethod.invoke(obj, null);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    private void hideToast(){
        try{
            hideMethod.invoke(obj, null);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public void show(){
        showToast();
        new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                hideToast();
            }
        }, (long)(time * 1000));
    }
}

ps:利用反射来控制Toast的显示时间在高版本会有bug,Android 2.2实测实可以用的,Android 4.0则无法使用。具体原因大牛还在分析。。。。。。

方法二:

  但是作为一个通用性软件,对于任何版本都需要支持,所以小明还是只能采取其他办法,说实话,还真发现了一个比较傻瓜的实现。

就是可以利用handler.post结合timer来实现效果,兼容性较好。。利用定时重复show一个Toast就能达到根据特定时间来显示的功能。

public class ToastSimple {
    
    private double time;
    private static Handler handler;
    private Timer showTimer;
    private Timer cancelTimer;
    
    private Toast toast;
    
    private ToastSimple(){
        showTimer = new Timer();
        cancelTimer = new Timer();
    }
    
    public void setTime(double time) {
        this.time = time;
    }
    
    public void setToast(Toast toast){
        this.toast = toast;
    }
    
    public static ToastSimple makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
        ToastSimple toast1= new ToastSimple();
        toast1.setTime(time);
        toast1.setToast(Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT));
        handler = new Handler(context.getMainLooper());
        return toast1;
    }
    
    public void show(){
        toast.show();
        if(time > 2){
            showTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    handler.post(new ShowRunnable());
                }
            }, 0, 1900);
        }
        cancelTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handler.post(new CancelRunnable());
            }
        }, (long)(time * 1000));
    }
    
    private class CancelRunnable implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run() {
            showTimer.cancel();
            toast.cancel();
        }
    }
    
    private class ShowRunnable implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run() {
            toast.show();
        }
    }
}

方法三:  

这时,大牛也琢磨出一个办法,因为Toast是基于windowManager来显示的,所以完全可以自己写一个自定义的Toast,代码如下

package com.net168.toast;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ToastCustom {
    
    private WindowManager wdm;
    private double time;
    private View mView;
    private WindowManager.LayoutParams params;
    private Timer timer;
    
    private ToastCustom(Context context, String text, double time){
        wdm = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        timer = new Timer();
        
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        mView = toast.getView();
        
        params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
        params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
        params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
        params.windowAnimations = toast.getView().getAnimation().INFINITE;  
        params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
        params.setTitle("Toast");  
        params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
        params.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
        params.y = -30;
        
        this.time = time;
    }
    
    public static ToastCustom makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
        ToastCustom toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);
        return toastCustom;
    }
    
    public void show(){
        wdm.addView(mView, params);
        timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                wdm.removeView(mView);
            }
        }, (long)(time * 1000));
    }
    
    public void cancel(){
        wdm.removeView(mView);
        timer.cancel();
    }
    
    
}

PS:上面自定义Toast代码只实现了基本功能,其余功能由于时间关系没有全部实现。

测试代码如下:

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    
    private EditText edt_duration;
    private Button btn_toast_simple;
    private Button btn_toast_reflect;
    private Button btn_toast_custom;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        edt_duration = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edt_duration);
        btn_toast_simple = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_simple);
        btn_toast_reflect = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_reflect);
        btn_toast_custom = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_custom);
        
        btn_toast_simple.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_toast_reflect.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_toast_custom.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        double time = Double.parseDouble((edt_duration.getText().toString()));
        switch (v.getId()){
        case R.id.btn_toast_simple:
            ToastSimple.makeText(MainActivity.this, "简单Toast,执行时间为:" + time, time).show();
            break;
        case R.id.btn_toast_reflect:
            ToastReflect.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();
            break;
        case R.id.btn_toast_custom:
            ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();
            break;
        }
    }
}

限于篇幅,也就懒得讲解了。。。。。。

 

作者:enjoy风铃
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/net168/
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posted on 2014-10-29 21:47  码农叔叔  阅读(16726)  评论(6编辑  收藏  举报