Eeclipse集成Maven搭建Spring MVC

一、下载Maven

　　1.下载地址：https://maven.apache.org/

　　2.将下载的zip包解压到指定目录下，如：E:\Tools\apache-maven-3.3.3

　　3.配置maven环境变量，新增环境变量 M2_HOME:E:\Tools\apache-maven-3.3.3,然后在环境变量的值后新增%M2_HOME%\bin

　　4.win+R,输入cmd启动dos命令行，输入mvn -version,出现如下图，即安装完成。

二、Eclipse集成Maven

　　1.如果你下载了最新版本的eclipse,那么他是默认安装了maven插件的，你只需配置下安装的maven路径，否则你需先搜索eclipse如何安装maven插件，本文的eclipse默认已经安装了maven插件。

　　2.

　　3.

将安装的maven的conf路径下setting.xml文件拷贝到本机的用户目录下：C:\Users\Administrator\.m2下，这样的好处是每次升级maven版本时无需修改setting.xml文件。并修改setting.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in
 |                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
   -->
  <localRepository>E:\workspace\Maven\repository</localRepository>


  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->

    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
	 -->
    <mirror>
      <id>UK</id>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      <name>UK Central</name>
      <url>http://uk.maven.org/maven2</url>
    </mirror>

  </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>

 localRepository标签是配置maven下载的依赖包的仓库路径，如果不配置默认路径为：C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository

mirror标签为配置下载依赖jar包时的镜像环境，这是因为我们有时访问maven的中心仓库http://mvnrepository.com时，比较慢，所以我们在这里配置了一个英国的镜像环境。

完成这些我们的Eclipse就集成了Maven,可以开始构建Spring MVC项目了。

 

三、搭建Spring MVC项目：

　　可以参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/fangjins/archive/2012/05/06/2485459.html

 

　　当然这里也可以在工作空间的目录下执行dos命令：mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=springmvc -DartifactId=test1 -DartifacttypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp构建出一个maven工程，然后在eclipse通过maven  import。

　　groupId和artifactId为maven的两个坐标，一般groupId为大项目的名字，artifactId为大项目小项目的名字。

 

四、Maven命令大全

　　http://www.cnblogs.com/phoebus0501/archive/2011/05/10/2042511.html

1. 使用maven命令：mvn dependency:sources 下载依赖包的源代码。

2. 使用参数： -DdownloadSources=true 下载源代码jar。 -DdownloadJavadocs=true 下载javadoc包。

http://blog.csdn.net/topwqp/article/details/8902863

 

Maven常用插件：

http://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/p/4034502.html

 

1. mvn help:describe 你是否因为记不清某个插件有哪些goal而痛苦过,你是否因为想不起某个goal有哪些参数而苦恼,那就试试这个命令吧,它会告诉你一切的. 参数: 1. -Dplugin=pluginName 2. -Dgoal(或-Dmojo)=goalName:与-Dplugin一起使用,它会列出某个插件的goal信息,如果嫌不够详细,同样可以加 -Ddetail.(注:一个插件goal也被认为是一个 “Mojo”) 下面大家就运行mvn help:describe -Dplugin=help -Dmojo=describe感受一下吧!

2. mvn archetype:generate 你是怎么创建你的maven项目的?是不是像这样:mvn archetype:create -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DgroupId=com.ryanote -Dartifact=common,如果你还再用的话,那你就out了,现代人都用mvn archetype:generate了,它将创建项目这件枯燥的事更加人性化,你再也不需要记那么多的archetypeArtifactId,你只需 输入archetype:generate,剩下的就是做”选择题”了.

3. mvn tomcat:run 用了maven后,你再也不需要用eclipse里的tomcat来运行web项目(实际工作中经常会发现用它会出现不同步更新的情况),只需在对应目录 (如/ryanote)里运行 mvn tomat:run命令,然后就可在浏览器里运行http://localhost:8080/ryanote查看了.如果你想要更多的定制,可以在 pom.xml文件里加下面配置: 01 02 03 04 org.codehaus.mojo 05 tomcat-maven-plugin 06 07 /web 08 9090 09 10 11 12 当然你也可以在命令里加参数来实现特定的功能,下面几个比较常用: 1. 跳过测试:-Dmaven.test.skip(=true) 2. 指定端口:-Dmaven.tomcat.port=9090 3. 忽略测试失败:-Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true 当然,如果你的其它关联项目有过更新的话,一定要在项目根目录下运行mvn clean install来执行更新,再运行mvn tomcat:run使改动生效.

4. mvnDebug tomcat:run 这条命令主要用来远程测试,它会监听远程测试用的8000端口,在eclipse里打开远程测试后,它就会跑起来了,设断点,调试,一切都是这么简单.上面提到的那几个参数在这里同样适用.

5. mvn dependency:sources 故名思义,有了它,你就不用到处找源码了,运行一下,你项目里所依赖的jar包的源码就都有了