实验5 文件应用编程

一、实验结论：

1.实验任务1-5：已自行练习

2.实验任务6：task6.py

程序源码：

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data6.csv','r',
encoding='gbk') as f:
    data=f.readlines()

data.remove('原始数据\n')
data0=[]
for i in data:
    if i[-1]=='\n':
        i=i[:-1]
    data0.append(float(i))
print('原始数据：')
print(data0)

data1=[int(i+0.5) for i in data0]
print('四舍五入后数据：')
print(data1)

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data6_processed.csv','w',
encoding='gbk') as f:
    f.write('原始数据,四舍五入后数据\n')
    for i in range(len(data1)):
        f.write(str(data0[i])+','+str(data1[i])+'\n')

运行结果截图：

 

3.实验任务7：task7.py

程序源码：

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data7.csv','r',
encoding='gbk') as f:
    data=f.readlines()

data0=[i.strip('\n').split(',') for i in data]
data0.remove(data0[0])

data1=sorted(data0,key=lambda x:(x[2],-int(x[3])))

print(f'{"学号":10s}{"姓名":10s}{"专业":10s}{"分数":10s}')
for h,i,j,k in data1:
    print(f'{h:10s}{i:10s}{j:10s}{k:10s}')

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data7_processed.csv','w',
encoding='gbk') as f:
    f.write('学号,姓名,专业,分数\n')
    for i in range(len(data1)):
        f.write(','.join(data1[i])+'\n')

运行结果截图：

 

4.实验任务8：task8.py

程序源码：

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\hamlet.txt','r') as f:
    data=f.read()

print('hamlet.txt粗略统计:')
print(f'行数:{len(data.splitlines())}')
print(f'单词数:{len(data.split())}')
print(f'字符数:{len(data)}')
print(f'空格数:{data.count(" ")}')

data1=data.splitlines()
data2=[]
for i in range(len(data1)):
    data2.append(f'{i+1} '+data1[i]+'\n')

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\hamlet_with_line_number.txt',
'w') as f:
    f.writelines(data2)

运行结果截图：

 

5.实验任务9：task9.py

程序源码：

def is_valid(id):
    if len(id)==18 and id[:-1].isdigit() and (id[-1].isdigit() or id[-1]=='X'):
        return True
    else:
        return False

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data9_id.txt','r') as f:
    data=f.readlines()

data.remove(data[0])
data0=[i.strip('\n').split(',') for i in data]

data1=[]
for i in data0:
    if is_valid(i[1])==True:
        i[1]=i[1][6:14]
        data1.append(i)

import datetime
t=datetime.datetime.now()
y=t.strftime('%Y%m%d')
for i in data1:
    i.append(str(int(y)-int(i[1][0:8])))

data2=sorted(data1,key=lambda x:-int(x[2]))

print('姓名, 出生日期, 年龄')
for i in data2:
    i[1]=i[1][0:4]+'-'+i[1][4:6]+'-'+i[1][6:8]
    i[2]=i[2][0:2]
    print(', '.join(i))

运行结果截图：

 

6.实验任务10：task10_1.py

程序源码：

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data10_stu.txt','r') as f:
    data=f.readlines()

data0=[i.strip('\n').split('\t') for i in data]

import random
n=eval(input('输入随机抽点人数：'))
data1=random.sample(data0,n)
for i in data1:
    print(' '.join(i))

import datetime
t=datetime.datetime.now()
fn=t.strftime('%Y%m%d')

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\{}.txt'.format(fn),'w') as f:
    for i in data1:
        i[0]+='\t'
        i[1]+='\t'
        i[2]+='\n'
        f.writelines(i)

运行结果截图：

task10_2.py

程序源码：

with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\data10_stu.txt','r') as f:
    data=f.readlines()

data0=[i.strip('\n').split('\t') for i in data]

import datetime
t=datetime.datetime.now()
fn=t.strftime('%Y%m%d')

import random
print(f'{"抽点开始":*^32s}')
n=eval(input('输入随机抽点人数:'))
a=0
while n!=0:
    data1=random.sample(data0,n)
    a+=1
    for i in data1:
        print(' '.join(i))
        data0.remove(i)
    if a==1:
        with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\{}.txt'.format(fn),'w') as f:
            for i in data1:
                i[0]+='\t'
                i[1]+='\t'
                i[2]+='\n'
                f.writelines(i)
    else:
        with open(r'C:\Users\28678\Downloads\实验5数据文件\{}.txt'.format(fn),'a') as f:
            for i in data1:
                i[0]+='\t'
                i[1]+='\t'
                i[2]+='\n'
                f.writelines(i)
    n=eval(input('输入随机抽点人数：'))
print(f'{"抽点结束":*^32s}')

运行结果截图：

 

二、实验总结：

1. 能够在代码中正确表示文件的路径

2. 能灵活、正确使用python内置的文件读写基础操作：打开/关闭、读写、遍历，会读写csv格式文件

3. 复习字符串、列表、lambda匿名函数和sorted函数的用法，以及不同类型之间相互转换

4. 熟悉random模块、datetime模块

5. 针对具体问题场景，能够用文件和组合数据类型编程解决应用问题