Centos 7 mysql 安装使用记
某次把美团云1G 1核 centos 7 装到死机，明白了源码编译安装mysql是个大坑，遂绕路到其他大道。
- 安装命令
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm yum install mysql-community-server
- 配置mysql
service mysqld restart mysql -u root mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('vm_52.102');
[root@localhost liuhui]# service mysqld restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service [root@localhost liuhui]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
正常进程
[root@localhost liuhui]# ps aux|grep mysqld mysql 59735 0.0 0.0 113124 1580 ? Ss 16:18 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 59900 0.1 6.3 698924 118004 ? Sl 16:18 0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
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【安装过程中的错误】
1、软件包依赖 mariadb组件
错误：软件包：akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda) 需要：mariadb-server 正在删除: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda) mariadb-server = 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos 取代，由: mysql-community-server-5.6.34-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) 未找到 更新，由: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 (updates) mariadb-server = 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 可用: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.47-1.el7_2.x86_64 (updates) mariadb-server = 1:5.5.47-1.el7_2 您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题 您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
解决：移除对 mariadb-libs的依赖
yum -y remove mariadb-libs
2、在阿里云机器上遇到 libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)依赖问题
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (base)
Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 (@updates)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Not found
Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 (updates)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Available: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (base)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (base)
Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 (@updates)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Not found
Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 (updates)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Available: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (base)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
Requires: systemd
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
【mysql的启动和停止】
# 1） 启动 ---官方推荐使用 mysqld_safe 进程启动，遇到mysqld进程停止，mysqld_safe自动重新启动 nohup /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & #2） 停止 使用 shutdown停止mysql mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown;
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【mysql启动错误】
检查mysql的错误日志发现 是配置文件问题
cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep ERROR
2016-12-05 16:08:12 57836 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8' 2016-12-05 16:08:12 57836 [ERROR] Aborting
vim /etc/my.cnf #default-character-set=utf8 character_set_server=utf8
把字符集编码的设置 更改一下，default 改为character_set
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【mysql运维演练】
1、修改mysql的默认数据库路径，转移到指定目录~/mysql_data下
【command list】 （1）停服务 copy文件 mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown; cd /var/lib cp -a -r /var/lib/mysql /home/mysql_data/ chown mysql:mysql /home/mysql_data/mysql chmod 4777 /home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock chmod a+x /home/mysql_data/ chmod mysql:mysql a+x /home/mysql_data/
# 启动mysql /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe （2）修改3个配置 cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnfbak cp /usr/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/mysqld_safebak vim /etc/my.cnf datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysql socket=/home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock
vim /usr/bin/mysqld_safe datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysql （3）建立链接 ln -s /home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
再启动mysql
/bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
2、部分配置参数的意义整理
interactive_timeout=300 #服务器关闭交互式连接前等待活动的秒数，单位秒，默认8小时，28800秒。避免闲置连接过多。 wait_timeout=300 #服务器关闭非交互连接之前等待活动的秒数与iteractive_timeout一起设置客户端超时时间。 #只有 wait_timeout 会真正起到超时限制的作用 interactive_timeout和wait_timeout在连接空闲阶段（sleep）起作用 max_allowed_packet=16M #消息缓冲区包的最大大小 net_read_timeout=180 #在终止读之前，从一个连接获得数据而等待的时间秒数； 当服务正在从客户端读取数据时，net_read_timeout控制何时超时 net_write_timeout=180 # 在终止写之前，等待多少秒把block写到连接； 当服务正在写数据到客户端时，net_write_timeout控制何时超时 net_read_timeout和net_write_timeout：则是在连接繁忙阶段（query）起作用 max_connect_errors=10000 #主机在连接被中断（网络，或者程序意外中断）等，都会增加 connect_errors的计数值，
当超过了阈值就只能被 blocked，如果连接成功，计数值又会被初始为0；如果出现错误，还是老老实实的 flush hosts吧 max_connections=1000 #mysql 最大连接数 connect_timeout=20 # 在获取连接阶段（authenticate）起作用 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 256M # 批量insert脚本大小设置，有 blob大字段要设置大一些，
2、查询结果导出到文件
1) 直接命令行执行
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -Ne "use test; select * from test limit 100;" > /tmp/outdata.txt
2) 命令行调用sql文件执行
vim run_out.sql
use test; select * from test limit 100;
mysql -uroot -p -N < run_out.sql > /tmp/outdata.txt
3、mysql 数据导入
#【source 和 load data infile 命令，进入mysql】 mysql > use test mysql > set names utf8 mysql > source /home/mysql_data/test.sql; #load data ，注意 local参数。 以下生成测试数据 并导入测试表
python -c "for i in range(1,1+1000000): print(i)">100w.txt
mysql > create table tmp_series(id int,primary key(id));
mysql > load data local infile '/home/test/100w.txt' replace into table tmp_series; -------------------------------- [不加local参数，报错] ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
4、Innodb 和 myisam 存储引擎的差异
Innodb 需要事务处理或是外键，update更快些，严格保持数据一致性时更适合；
select count from tables， innodb实时去扫描表计数，慢
auto_increment自动增长计数器仅被存储在主内存中，而不是存在磁盘上
MyISAM 需要全文索引，大批的inserts 语句在MyISAM下会快一些，count更快，快速写入数据场景更适合；
3个构成文件，.frm文件存储表定义，.MYD 数据文件，.MYI 索引文件
select count from tables， myisam直接读系统结果表，很快
更好和更快的auto_increment处理；
5、数据库表的一些修复方法
# shell 命令行下执行 mysqlcheck -uroot -p database test table -c test # myisamchk修复myisam存储引擎的错误表，对innodb无效，必须在mysql服务停止后进行，-O参数设置各项参数内存大小； myisamchk -r tablename myisamchk –safe-recover tbl_name myisamchk -O sort=16M -O key=16M -O read=1M -O write=1M ... # innnodb的表修复，可通过修改表存储引擎 导数据，再修改回来等方式 具体参考 【Innodb 表修复】http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/archive/2013/05/10/3070667.html
【master-slave主从复制】
【配置数据库的主从复制，此方案是 服务器对服务器，所有库的任何变更都会同步到从库上，新建库，新建任何表等】 主从服务需要确保mysql版本一致；log-bin设成二进制日志；server-id主从分别设成唯一值， #vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin //[必须]启用二进制日志 server-id=222 //[必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1，一般取IP最后一段，主服务器， server-id=223 //从服务器 分别重启两个mysql server。 【master服务器】 mysql > GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'mysync'@'%' identified by 'q123456'; mysql > show master status +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 320 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 【slave库】 mysql > change master to master_host='192.168.52.101',master_user='mysync',master_password='q123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=320;
【slave库查看主从复制状态】
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.52.101 Master_User: mysync Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 961 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 924 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 961 Relay_Log_Space: 1098 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 222 Master_UUID: 6be51420-bb89-11e6-99c1-000c29d16f0c Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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【参考资料馆】
监控mysql主从复制状态的shell脚本 http://blog.formyz.org/?paged=6
centos6.5下安装mysql http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111413.htm
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