不重起Windows直接更改IP地址
源代码运行效果图如下:
设置IP地址只需要更改注册表中关于适配器的相应设置,但更改后需要重新启动系统才能生效,而AddIPAddress函数只能添加IP而不是更改当前的IP,我们在Windows NT/2000界面上操作不需要重新启动就可以生效,那系统到底做了什么额外的工作才使IP设置直接生效呢?笔者通过跟踪explorer.exe中API的调用发现在netcfgx.dll中调用了dhcpcsvc.dll中一个未公开的API:DhcpNotifyConfigChange,现将不重新启动WINDOWS直接更改IP地址的详细方法介绍如下:
一、获取适配器名称
这里指的适配器名称要区别于适配器描述,比如我的一块网卡,适配器描述是:Realtek RTL8139(A) PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter,适配器名称为:{66156DC3-44A4-434C-B8A9-0E5DB4B3EEAD}。获取适配器名称的方法有多种:
1.1 调用IP helper API取得适配器名称
01.ULONG ulAdapterInfoSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);02.IP_ADAPTER_INFO *pAdapterInfoBkp, *pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];03.if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW ) // 缓冲区不够大04.{05.delete pAdapterInfo;06.pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];07.pAdapterInfoBkp = pAdapterInfo;08.}09.if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS )10.{11.do{ // 遍历所有适配器12.if(pAdapterInfo->Type == MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET) // 判断是否为以太网接口13.{14.// pAdapterInfo->Description 是适配器描述15.// pAdapterInfo->AdapterName 是适配器名称16.}17.pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next;18.}while(pAdapterInfo);19.}20.delete pAdapterInfoBkp;1.2 读取注册表取得适配器名称
在Windows2000中可以通过遍历 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\000n\ (n是从0开始编号的数字)所有接口, 在Windows NT中可以读取HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkCards中的信息,下面以Windows2000为例:
01.HKEY hKey, hSubKey, hNdiIntKey;02. 03.if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,04."System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Class\\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}",05.0,06.KEY_READ,07.&hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)08.return FALSE;09. 10.DWORD dwIndex = 0;11.DWORD dwBufSize = 256;12.DWORD dwDataType;13.char szSubKey[256];14.unsigned char szData[256];15. 16.while(RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, dwIndex++, szSubKey, &dwBufSize, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) == ERROR_SUCCESS)17.{18.if(RegOpenKeyEx(hKey, szSubKey, 0, KEY_READ, &hSubKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)19.{ 20.if(RegOpenKeyEx(hSubKey, "Ndi\\Interfaces", 0, KEY_READ, &hNdiIntKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)21.{22.dwBufSize = 256;23.if(RegQueryValueEx(hNdiIntKey, "LowerRange", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)24.{25.if(strcmp((char*)szData, "ethernet") == 0) // 判断是不是以太网卡26.{27.dwBufSize = 256;28.if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, "DriverDesc", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)29.{30.// szData 中便是适配器详细描述31.dwBufSize = 256;32.if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey,"NetCfgInstanceID", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)33.{34.// szData 中便是适配器名称35.}36.}37.}38.}39.RegCloseKey(hNdiIntKey);40.}41.RegCloseKey(hSubKey);42.}43. 44.dwBufSize = 256;45.} /* end of while */46. 47.RegCloseKey(hKey);二、将IP信息写入注册表
代码如下:
01.BOOL RegSetIP(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, LPCTSTR pIPAddress, LPCTSTRpNetMask, LPCTSTR pNetGate)02.{03.HKEY hKey;04.string strKeyName = "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\05.Tcpip\\Parameters\\Interfaces\\";06.strKeyName += lpszAdapterName;07.if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,08.strKeyName.c_str(),09.0,10.KEY_WRITE,11.&hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)12.return FALSE;13. 14.char mszIPAddress[100];15.char mszNetMask[100];16.char mszNetGate[100];17. 18.strncpy(mszIPAddress, pIPAddress, 98);19.strncpy(mszNetMask, pNetMask, 98);20.strncpy(mszNetGate, pNetGate, 98);21. 22.int nIP, nMask, nGate;23. 24.nIP = strlen(mszIPAddress);25.nMask = strlen(mszNetMask);26.nGate = strlen(mszNetGate);27. 28.*(mszIPAddress + nIP + 1) = 0x00; // REG_MULTI_SZ数据需要在后面再加个029.nIP += 2;30. 31.*(mszNetMask + nMask + 1) = 0x00;32.nMask += 2;33. 34.*(mszNetGate + nGate + 1) = 0x00;35.nGate += 2;36. 37.RegSetValueEx(hKey, "IPAddress", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsignedchar*)mszIPAddress, nIP);38.RegSetValueEx(hKey, "SubnetMask", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsignedchar*)mszNetMask, nMask);39.RegSetValueEx(hKey, "DefaultGateway", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsignedchar*)mszNetGate, nGate);40. 41.RegCloseKey(hKey);42. 43.return TRUE;44.}三、调用DhcpNotifyConfigChange通知配置的改变
未公开函数DhcpNotifyConfigChange位于 dhcpcsvc.dll中,原型如下:
1.BOOL DhcpNotifyConfigChange(2.LPWSTR lpwszServerName, // 本地机器为NULL3.LPWSTR lpwszAdapterName, // 适配器名称4.BOOL bNewIpAddress, // TRUE表示更改IP5.DWORD dwIpIndex, // 指明第几个IP地址,如果只有该接口只有一个IP地址则为06.DWORD dwIpAddress, // IP地址7.DWORD dwSubNetMask, // 子网掩码8.int nDhcpAction ); // 对DHCP的操作 0:不修改, 1:启用 DHCP,2:禁用 DHCP具体调用代码如下:
01.BOOL NotifyIPChange(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, int nIndex, LPCTSTRpIPAddress, LPCTSTR pNetMask)02.{03.BOOL bResult = FALSE;04.HINSTANCE hDhcpDll;05.DHCPNOTIFYPROC pDhcpNotifyProc;06.WCHAR wcAdapterName[256];07. 08.MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpszAdapterName, -1, wcAdapterName,256);09. 10.if((hDhcpDll = LoadLibrary("dhcpcsvc")) == NULL)11.return FALSE;12. 13.if((pDhcpNotifyProc = (DHCPNOTIFYPROC)GetProcAddress(hDhcpDll,"DhcpNotifyConfigChange")) != NULL)14.if((pDhcpNotifyProc)(NULL, wcAdapterName, TRUE, nIndex, inet_addr(pIPAddress), inet_addr(pNetMask), 0) == ERROR_SUCCESS)15.bResult = TRUE;16. 17.FreeLibrary(hDhcpDll);18.return bResult;19.}
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