微服务简单实现最终一致性
有花时间去研究masstransit的saga，英文水平不过关，始终无法实现上手他的代码编排的业务，遗憾。
本文通过rabbit和sqlserver实现下单，更新库存，更新产品，模拟数据最终一致性。
项目结构如下,reportService可有可无，这里就相当一个链条，只要两节走通了后面可以接龙，本文有用到不省略。流程：orderservice=>eComm=>reportservice 。
下面先看看order的配置，通过控制器新增订单同时发布订单信息到order_exchange交换机，Key是"order.created,这样就把订单推送到了队列，等到库存服务获取订单去更新库存。
// POST api/<OrderController>
[HttpPost]
public async Task Post([FromBody] OrderDetail orderDetail)
{
var id = await orderCreator.Create(orderDetail);
publisher.Publish(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new OrderRequest {
OrderId = id,
ProductId = orderDetail.ProductId,
Quantity = orderDetail.Quantity
}), "order.created", null);
}
更新库存的代码，然后再发送消息告诉order服务，这里有哪个try包裹，如果这里有失败会触发catch，发送减库存失败的消息。order服务消费到这条消息就会执行相应的删除订单操作。代码如下：
using Ecomm.DataAccess;
using Ecomm.Models;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Plain.RabbitMQ;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Ecomm
{
public class OrderCreatedListener : IHostedService
{
private readonly IPublisher publisher;
private readonly ISubscriber subscriber;
private readonly IInventoryUpdator inventoryUpdator;
public OrderCreatedListener(IPublisher publisher, ISubscriber subscriber, IInventoryUpdator inventoryUpdator)
{
this.publisher = publisher;
this.subscriber = subscriber;
this.inventoryUpdator = inventoryUpdator;
}
public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
subscriber.Subscribe(Subscribe);
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
private bool Subscribe(string message, IDictionary<string, object> header)
{
var response = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<OrderRequest>(message);
try
{
inventoryUpdator.Update(response.ProductId, response.Quantity).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
publisher.Publish(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
new InventoryResponse { OrderId = response.OrderId, IsSuccess = true }
), "inventory.response", null);
}
catch (Exception)
{
publisher.Publish(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
new InventoryResponse { OrderId = response.OrderId, IsSuccess = false }
), "inventory.response", null);
}
return true;
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
}
using Ecomm.Models;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Plain.RabbitMQ;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace OrderService
{
public class InventoryResponseListener : IHostedService
{
private readonly ISubscriber subscriber;
private readonly IOrderDeletor orderDeletor;
public InventoryResponseListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IOrderDeletor orderDeletor)
{
this.subscriber = subscriber;
this.orderDeletor = orderDeletor;
}
public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
subscriber.Subscribe(Subscribe);
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
private bool Subscribe(string message, IDictionary<string, object> header)
{
var response = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<InventoryResponse>(message);
if (!response.IsSuccess)
{
orderDeletor.Delete(response.OrderId).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
return true;
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
}
上面的代码是整个服务的核心业务，也很简单就是队列相互通信相互确认操作是否顺利，失败就执行回归操作，而这里我们都会写好对应补偿代码：
using Dapper; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace OrderService { public class OrderDeletor : IOrderDeletor { private readonly string connectionString; public OrderDeletor(string connectionString) { this.connectionString = connectionString; } public async Task Delete(int orderId) { using var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); connection.Open(); using var transaction = connection.BeginTransaction(); try { await connection.ExecuteAsync("DELETE FROM OrderDetail WHERE OrderId = @orderId", new { orderId }, transaction: transaction); await connection.ExecuteAsync("DELETE FROM [Order] WHERE Id = @orderId", new { orderId }, transaction: transaction); transaction.Commit(); } catch { transaction.Rollback(); } } } }
库存服务里有发布产品的接口，这里没有做过多的处理，只是把产品新增放到队列，供后面的ReportService服务获取，该服务拿到后会执行产品数量扣除：
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; using Newtonsoft.Json; using Plain.RabbitMQ; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ReportService { public class ReportDataCollector : IHostedService { private const int DEFAULT_QUANTITY = 100; private readonly ISubscriber subscriber; private readonly IMemoryReportStorage memoryReportStorage; public ReportDataCollector(ISubscriber subscriber, IMemoryReportStorage memoryReportStorage) { this.subscriber = subscriber; this.memoryReportStorage = memoryReportStorage; } public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { subscriber.Subscribe(Subscribe); return Task.CompletedTask; } private bool Subscribe(string message, IDictionary<string, object> header) //private bool ProcessMessage(string message, IDictionary<string, object> header) { if (message.Contains("Product")) { var product = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Product>(message); if (memoryReportStorage.Get().Any(r => r.ProductName == product.ProductName)) { return true; } else { memoryReportStorage.Add(new Report { ProductName = product.ProductName, Count = DEFAULT_QUANTITY }); } } else { var order = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Order>(message); if(memoryReportStorage.Get().Any(r => r.ProductName == order.Name)) { memoryReportStorage.Get().First(r => r.ProductName == order.Name).Count -= order.Quantity; } else { memoryReportStorage.Add(new Report { ProductName = order.Name, Count = DEFAULT_QUANTITY - order.Quantity }); } } return true; } public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { return Task.CompletedTask; } } }
到这里整个流程大概如此。只要理清楚了订单和库存更新这里的业务，后面差不多一样，可以无限递归。代码文末有链接供下载。
这里有一个地方的代码如下,新增库存的时候同时发布消息。假如新增完订单后面崩掉了，这里是个原子操作最佳。
[HttpPost]
public async Task Post([FromBody] OrderDetail orderDetail)
{
var id = await orderCreator.Create(orderDetail);
publisher.Publish(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new OrderRequest {
OrderId = id,
ProductId = orderDetail.ProductId,
Quantity = orderDetail.Quantity
}), "order.created", null);
}
很遗憾masstransit的saga还没有整明白，那就上cap，完成业务一致性。加了点cap代码因为之前是dapper，所以加了dbcontext和cap相关代码有点小乱。核心代码如下：
using DotNetCore.CAP;
using MediatR;
using OrderService.Command;
using System.Threading;
using Ecomm.Models;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace OrderService.Handler
{
public class InsertOrderDetailHandler : IRequestHandler<InsertOrderDetailCommand, InsertOrderDetailModel>
{
private readonly OrderDbContext context;
private readonly ICapPublisher cap;
public InsertOrderDetailHandler(OrderDbContext context, ICapPublisher cap)
{
this.context = context;
this.cap = cap;
}
public async System.Threading.Tasks.Task<InsertOrderDetailModel> Handle(InsertOrderDetailCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
using(var trans =context.Database.BeginTransaction(cap))
{
var order = context.Orders.Add(new Order
{
UpdatedTime = System.DateTime.Today,
UserId = request.UserId,
UserName = request.UserName
});
var orderDetail = context.OrderDetails.Add(new OrderDetail
{
OrderId = order.Entity.Id,
ProductId = request.ProductId,
Quantity = request.Quantity,
ProductName = request.ProductName,
});
context.SaveChanges();
cap.Publish<OrderRequest>("order.created", new OrderRequest
{
OrderId = order.Entity.Id,
ProductId = orderDetail.Entity.ProductId,
Quantity = orderDetail.Entity.Quantity
}, new Dictionary<string,string>()) ;
trans.Commit();
return new InsertOrderDetailModel { OrderDetailid = orderDetail.Entity.Id, OrderId = order.Entity.Id, Success = true };
}
}
}
}
到这里差不多要结束了，这里的代码都可以调试运行的。因为加了cap，order服务有两套rabbitmq的配置，有冗余，而且有点坑。调试的时候注意，Plain.RabbitMQ支持的交换机不是持久化的，而cap是持久化的，所以有点不兼容。第一次运行可以先确保Plain.RabbitMQ正常，再删掉交换机，cap跑起来了再建持久化交换机，这样cap消息就会被rabbitmq接收，后面就会被库存服务消费。因为我这里cap不会自动绑定队列，Plain.RabbitMQ是可以的。所以需要新建交换机后再绑定队列。而且这里队列以Plain.RabbitMQ生成的名字来绑定。要不然又可能会调试踩坑无法出坑。 用cap不注意你连消息队列都看不到，看到了队列也看不到消费数据，这点不知道是我不会还是cap有什么难的配置。结束。。。
上例项目demo:
liuzhixin405/SimpleOrders_Next (github.com)
超简单微服务demo
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