多线程编程_读写锁ReadWriteLock
Lock比传统线程模型中的synchronized方式更加面向对象,与生活中的锁类似,锁本身也应该是一个对象。两个线程执行的代码片段要实现同步互斥的效果,它们必须用同一个Lock对象。
读写锁:分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,这是由jvm自己控制的,你只要上好相应的锁即可。如果你的代码只读数据,可以很多人同时读,但不能同时写,那就上读锁;如果你的代码修改数据,只能有一个人在写,且不能同时读取,那就上写锁。总之,读的时候上读锁,写的时候上写锁!
ReentrantReadWriteLock会使用两把锁来解决问题,一个读锁,一个写锁
线程进入读锁的前提条件:
没有其他线程的写锁,
没有写请求或者有写请求,但调用线程和持有锁的线程是同一个
线程进入写锁的前提条件:
没有其他线程的读锁
没有其他线程的写锁
到ReentrantReadWriteLock,首先要做的是与ReentrantLock划清界限。它和后者都是单独的实现,彼此之间没有继承或实现的关系。然后就是总结这个锁机制的特性了:
(a).重入方面其内部的WriteLock可以获取ReadLock,但是反过来ReadLock想要获得WriteLock则永远都不要想。
(b).WriteLock可以降级为ReadLock,顺序是:先获得WriteLock再获得ReadLock,然后释放WriteLock,这时候线程将保持Readlock的持有。反过来ReadLock想要升级为WriteLock则不可能,为什么?参看(a),呵呵.
(c).ReadLock可以被多个线程持有并且在作用时排斥任何的WriteLock,而WriteLock则是完全的互斥。这一特性最为重要,因为对于高读取频率而相对较低写入的数据结构,使用此类锁同步机制则可以提高并发量。
(d).不管是ReadLock还是WriteLock都支持Interrupt,语义与ReentrantLock一致。
(e).WriteLock支持Condition并且与ReentrantLock语义一致,而ReadLock则不能使用Condition,否则抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常。
package com.thread; import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class ReadWriteLockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final Queue3 q3 = new Queue3(); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { new Thread(){ public void run(){ while(true){ q3.get(); } } }.start(); } for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { new Thread(){ public void run(){ while(true){ q3.put(new Random().nextInt(10000)); } } }.start(); } } } class Queue3{ private Object data = null;//共享数据,只能有一个线程能写该数据,但可以有多个线程同时读该数据。 private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); public void get(){ rwl.readLock().lock();//上读锁,其他线程只能读不能写 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to read data!"); try { Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "have read data :" + data); rwl.readLock().unlock(); //释放读锁,最好放在finnaly里面 } public void put(Object data){ rwl.writeLock().lock();//上写锁,不允许其他线程读也不允许写 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to write data!"); try { Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.data = data; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have write data: " + data); rwl.writeLock().unlock();//释放写锁 } }
结果
Thread-0 be ready to read data! Thread-1 be ready to read data! Thread-2 be ready to read data! Thread-0have read data :null Thread-2have read data :null Thread-1have read data :null Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 6934 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 8987 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 8496
下面使用读写锁模拟一个缓存器:
package com.thread; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class CacheDemo { private Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();//缓存器 private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); public static void main(String[] args) { } public Object get(String id){ Object value = null; rwl.readLock().lock();//首先开启读锁,从缓存中去取 try{ value = map.get(id); if(value == null){ //如果缓存中没有释放读锁,上写锁 rwl.readLock().unlock(); rwl.writeLock().lock(); try{ if(value == null){ value = "aaa"; //此时可以去数据库中查找,这里简单的模拟一下 } }finally{ rwl.writeLock().unlock(); //释放写锁 } rwl.readLock().lock(); //然后再上读锁 } }finally{ rwl.readLock().unlock(); //最后释放读锁 } return value; } }
ReentrantReadWriteLock 和 ReentrantLock 不是继承关系,但都是基于 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 来实现。
lock方法 是基于CAS 来实现的
注意: 在同一线程中,持有读锁后,不能直接调用写锁的lock方法 ,否则会造成死锁。、
代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建并发访问的账户 MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000); //创建一个锁对象 ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false); //创建一个线程池 ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); //创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊 User u1 = new User("张三", myCount, -4000, lock, false); User u2 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock, false); User u3 = new User("张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock, false); User u4 = new User("张三", myCount, 800, lock, false); User u5 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 0, lock, true); //在线程池中执行各个用户的操作 pool.execute(u1); pool.execute(u2); pool.execute(u3); pool.execute(u4); pool.execute(u5); //关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } class User implements Runnable { private String name; //用户名 private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户 private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了 private ReadWriteLock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象 private boolean ischeck; //是否查询 User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) { this.name = name; this.myCount = myCount; this.iocash = iocash; this.myLock = myLock; this.ischeck = ischeck; } public void run() { if (ischeck) { //获取读锁 myLock.readLock().lock(); System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); //释放读锁 myLock.readLock().unlock(); } else { //获取写锁 myLock.writeLock().lock(); //执行现金业务 System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash +",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash); System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash +",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); //释放写锁 myLock.writeLock().unlock(); } } } class MyCount { private String oid; //账号 private int cash; //账户余额 MyCount(String oid, int cash) { this.oid = oid; this.cash = cash; } public String getOid() { return oid; } public void setOid(String oid) { this.oid = oid; } public int getCash() { return cash; } public void setCash(int cash) { this.cash = cash; } @Override public String toString() { return "MyCount{" + "oid='" + oid + '\'' + ", cash=" + cash + '}'; } }
结果
写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}账户,金额为-4000,当前金额为10000 写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功,金额为-4000,当前金额为6000 写:张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户,金额为-8000,当前金额为6000 写:张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户成功,金额为-8000,当前金额为-2000 写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户,金额为800,当前金额为-2000 写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户成功,金额为800,当前金额为-1200 读:张三他爹正在查询MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,当前金额为-1200 写:张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,金额为6000,当前金额为-1200 写:张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功,金额为6000,当前金额为4800 Process finished with exit code 0