mysql 数据操作 单表查询 group by 介绍

 

 

 

group by 是在where 之后运行

在写单表查询语法的时候 应该把group by 写在 where 之后

 

执行顺序

1.先找到表 from 库.表名

2.按照where 约束条件 过滤你想要的记录

3.group by 进行分组

4.分完组以后 再进行相应的查询

 

 

分组查询:GROUP BY

 

一 什么是分组?为什么要分组?

 

分类一定要找大家都有一样的属性

#1、首先明确一点:分组发生在where之后,即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的

#2、分组指的是:将所有记录按照某个相同字段进行归类,比如针对员工信息表的职位分组,或者按照性别进行分组等

#3、为何要分组呢?
    取每个部门的最高工资
    取每个部门的员工数
    取男人数和女人数

小窍门:‘每’这个字后面的字段,就是我们分组的依据


#4、大前提:
    可以按照任意字段分组,但是分组完毕后,比如group by post,只能查看post字段,如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数

 

 

 

mysql> select * from employee;
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post      | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | alex       | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher   | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  2 | yuanhao    | male   |  73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher   | NULL         |    3500.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  3 | liwenzhou  | male   |  28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher   | NULL         |    2100.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  4 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher   | NULL         |    9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  5 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher   | NULL         |   30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  6 | 成龙       | male   |  48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher   | NULL         |   10000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  7 | 歪歪       | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale      | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
|  8 | 丫丫       | female |  38 | 2010-11-01 | sale      | NULL         |    2000.35 |    402 |         2 |
|  9 | 丁丁       | female |  18 | 2011-03-12 | sale      | NULL         |    1000.37 |    402 |         2 |
| 10 | 星星       | female |  18 | 2016-05-13 | sale      | NULL         |    3000.29 |    402 |         2 |
| 11 | 格格       | female |  28 | 2017-01-27 | sale      | NULL         |    4000.33 |    402 |         2 |
| 12 | 张野       | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
| 13 | 程咬金     | male   |  18 | 1997-03-12 | operation | NULL         |   20000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 14 | 程咬银     | female |  18 | 2013-03-11 | operation | NULL         |   19000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 15 | 程咬铜     | male   |  18 | 2015-04-11 | operation | NULL         |   18000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 16 | 程咬铁     | female |  18 | 2014-05-12 | operation | NULL         |   17000.00 |    403 |         3 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

这样写 分完组以后 只能取分组字段post

select post from employee group by post

 

 

#由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果,默认都是组内的第一条记录,但其实这是没有意义的
mysql> select * from employee group by post;
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name   | sex    | age | hire_date  | post      | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 12 | 张野   | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
|  7 | 歪歪   | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale      | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
|  1 | alex   | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher   | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)

 

 

 

 

 ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY 

 

查看现在sql_mode 模式

mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+--------------------------------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode                          |
+--------------------------------------------+
| STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
+--------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

设置mysql严格模式

 

"ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY" 只能取分组的字段 以及每个组聚合函数结果
mysql> set global sql_mode="ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION ";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

退出一下mysql 再重新登mysql 查看

mysql> quit #设置成功后,一定要退出,然后重新登录方可生效
Bye

 

 

报错 已经是严格模式了 只能取分组的字段

mysql> select * from employee group by post;
ERROR 1055 (42000): 'company.employee.id' isn't in GROUP BY

 

 

mysql> select post from employee group by post;
+-----------+
| post      |
+-----------+
| operation |
| sale      |
| teacher   |
+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

想统计每个部门的相关数据 用到聚合函数

把某一个组里面的一推人统计出结果 以组为单位统计

 

 

#查看MySQL 5.7默认的sql_mode如下:
mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

#!!!注意
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY的语义就是确定select target list中的所有列的值都是明确语义,
简单的说来,在ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式下,target list中的值要么是来自于聚集函数的结果,要么是来自于group by list中的表达式的值。 #设置sql_mole如下操作(我们可以去掉ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式): mysql> set global sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'; !!!SQL_MODE设置!!!
posted @ 2019-03-12 21:33  minger_lcm  阅读(1062)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报