Prometheus的各种exporter实现MySQL-Redis-Nginx-Consul服务的监控

各种 Exporter
Prometheus 指供了大量的 Exporter 实现各种应用的监控功能
Exporter 分类
应用内置: 软件内就内置了Exporter,比如: Prometheus,Grafana,Gitlab,Zookeeper,MinIO等
应用外置: 应用安装后,还需要单独安装对应的 Exporter,比如: MySQL,Redis,MongoDB,PostgreSQL等
定制开发: 如有特殊需要,用户自行开发
Exporter 官方文档

https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exporters/

Node Exporter 监控服务

实战案例

修改 node_exporter 的配置文件

#在node1节点修改node_exporter配置文件

[root@node1 ~]# cat /lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Node Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
#no-collector.uname:禁止收集uname信息，会导致grafana无法显示此主机信息
#ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/bin/node_exporter --no-collector.uname --collector.cgroups
#ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/bin/node_exporter --collector.cgroups
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/bin/node_exporter --collector.cgroups --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-include=".*(ssh|mysql|node_exporter|nginx).*"
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@node1 ~]#

#只收集指定服务

#属性解析：
如果没有提前安装的服务，是不会被查看到的
服务名称的正则符号必须解析正确，否则无法匹配要现实的服务名称

#重启node_exporter服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart node_exporter.service

[root@node1 ~]# curl http://node1.org:9100/metrics|grep ssh                
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  3922    0  3922    0     0  22540      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 22411node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen.target",state="activating",type=""} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen.target",state="active",type=""} 1
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen.target",state="deactivating",type=""} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen.target",state="failed",type=""} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen.target",state="inactive",type=""} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service",state="activating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service",state="active",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service",state="deactivating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service",state="failed",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service",state="inactive",type="oneshot"} 1
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ed25519.service",state="activating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ed25519.service",state="active",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ed25519.service",state="deactivating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ed25519.service",state="failed",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@ed25519.service",state="inactive",type="oneshot"} 1
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@rsa.service",state="activating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@rsa.service",state="active",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@rsa.service",state="deactivating",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@rsa.service",state="failed",type="oneshot"} 0
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd-keygen@rsa.service",state="inactive",type="oneshot"} 1
node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="activating",type="notify"} 0

#稍等几秒钟，到浏览器中查看监控目标
#结果显示：
每个服务都有五种状态，只有成功的状态才会显示值为1，其他状态为0
只有已安装的服务才会在这里显示，否则不显示

MySQL 监控

MySQL 监控说明

prometheus提供了专属于 MySQL 的服务监控工具 mysqld_exporter，可以借助于该模块，来实现数据库的
基本监控。

#下载链接
https://prometheus.io/download/

#使用说明
https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter

案例：二进制安装

MySQL 数据库环境准备

#更新mysql配置，如果MySQL和MySQL exporter 不在同一个主机，需要修改如下配置
sed -i 's#127.0.0.1#0.0.0.0#' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
systemctl restart mysql

#为mysqld_exporter配置获取数据库信息的用户并授权
mysql
mysql> CREATE USER 'exporter'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 3;

mysql> GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;

mysqld_exporter 安装

#获取软件

wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/mysqld_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#解压软件
tar -xf mysqld_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mv mysqld_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter

mv mysqld_exporter /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/

mkdir bin

mv mysqld_exporter bin/

#在mysqld_exporter的服务目录下，创建 .my.cnf 隐藏文件，为mysqld_exporter配置获取数据库信息的基本属性
vim /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf

[root@www mysqld_exporter]# cat /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
[client]
host=127.0.0.1
port=3306
user=exporter
password=123456

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/mysqld_exporter

#修改mysql_exporter的服务启动文件

[root@www local]#  cat /lib/systemd/system/mysqld_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=mysqld exporter project
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/bin/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#配置解析：在原来的配置文件基础上，添加了 --config.my-cnf属性

#重载并重启服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now mysqld_exporter.service

systemctl start mysqld_exporter
systemctl status mysqld_exporter.service

#检查是否打开9104/tcp端口

ss -tnulp | grep mysql

#结果显示：该组件对外暴露的端口是 9104 端口

把mysqld_exporter. 9104 注册到consul

[root@master1 prometheus]# cat node2.json    
{
  "service": {
    "id": "192.168.3.52-mysql_exporter",
    "name": "192.168.3.52-mysql_exporter",
    "address": "192.168.3.52",
    "port": 9104,
    "tags": ["mysql_exporter"],
    "checks": [{
      "http": "http://192.168.3.52:9104/metrics",
      "interval": "5s"
    }]
  }
}

consul services register node2.json

Grafana 图形展示

#导入grafana的镜像模板文件
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14057,7362,11323,13106,17320(中文版)

17320 中文版

Redis 监控

prometheus提供了专属于Redis 的服务监控工具 redis_exporter，我们可以借助于该模块，来实现Redis的
基本监控。

https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter

基于二进制实现 redis_exporter

sed -i.bak -e '/^bind.*/c bind 0.0.0.0' -e '$a requirepass 123456'
/etc/redis/redis.conf

vim /etc/redis/redis.conf

bind 0.0.0.0

VERSION=v1.83.0

wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/${VERSION}/redis_exporter-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -xf redis_exporter-v1.83.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mv redis_exporter-v1.83.0.linux-amd64 redis_exporter

mv redis_exporter /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/redis_exporter/

mkdir bin

mv redis_exporter bin/

#修改node_exporter的服务启动文件

[root@www redis_exporter]# cat /lib/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=redis exporter project
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/redis_exporter/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr redis://localhost:8712 -redis.password 5twiuzQ1uTu2odFd
Restart=on-failure
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@www redis_exporter]# cat /lib/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=redis exporter project
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/redis_exporter/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr redis://localhost:8712 -redis.password 5twiuzQ1uTu2odFd --web.listen-address=:9122
Restart=on-failure
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable --now redis_exporter

systemctl start redis_exporter
systemctl status redis_exporter

#测试访问

curl -s 127.0.0.1:9122/metrics

注册到consul

[root@master1 prometheus]# cat redis_exporter.json
{
  "id": "192.168.3.52-redis_exporter",
  "name": "192.168.3.52-redis_exporter",
  "address": "192.168.3.52",
  "port": 9122,
  "tags": ["redis_exporter"],
  "checks": [{
    "http": "http://192.168.3.52:9122/metrics",
    "interval": "5s"
  }]
}

curl -X PUT \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data-binary @redis_exporter.json \
  http://192.168.3.60:8500/v1/agent/service/register

Grafana 展示
grafana 模板 763

Nginx 监控
Nginx 默认自身没有提供 Json 格式的指标数据,可以通过下三种方式实现 Prometheus 监控
方法1：
通过容器方式 nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter 容器配合nginx的stub状态页实现nginx的监控
方法2：Prometheus metric library for Nginx

https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exporters/
https://github.com/knyar/nginx-lua-prometheus

方法3
需要先编译安装一个第三方模块nginx-vts,将状态页转换为Json格式
再利用nginx-vts-exporter采集数据到Prometheus

部署nginx

dnf install nginx

systemctl start nginx

nginx-prometheus-exporter 容器实现

https://hub.docker.com/r/nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter

范例：基于 docker 实现

docker pull nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter:1.5.1

#方法1

cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/status.conf

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/status.conf
server {
        listen 8888;
        location /basic_status {
                stub_status;
        }
}

curl 127.0.0.1:8888/basic_status

#后台启动

#方法1：

docker run -p 9113:9113 \
  --name nginx-prometheus-exporter \
  --restart always \
  -d nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter:1.5.1 \
  --nginx.scrape-uri=http://192.168.3.63:8888/basic_statu

curl 192.168.3.63:9113/metrics

[root@node1 ~]# cat nginx_exporter.json          
{
  "id": "node1.org-nginx_exporter",
  "name": "node1.org-nginx_exporter",
  "address": "node1.org",
  "port": 9113,
  "tags": ["nginx_exporter"],
  "checks": [{
    "http": "http://node1.org:9113/metrics",
    "interval": "5s"
  }]
}

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @nginx_exporter.json http://192.168.3.60:8500/v1/agent/service/register

Grafana 模板
11199

14900

Consul 监控

Consul Exporter 可以实现对 Consul 的监控
需要为每个Consul实例部署consul-exporter，它负责将Consul的状态信息转为Prometheus兼容的指标格式并予以暴露。

下载程序包和展开程序包consul-exporter

https://github.com/prometheus/consul_exporter

范例：

#先安装consul.再部署consul_exporter

wget https://github.com/prometheus/consul_exporter/releases/download/v0.13.0/consul_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xf consul_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mv consul_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64 consul_exporter

mv consul_exporter /usr/local/

mkdir /usr/local/consul_exporter/bin/

mv /usr/local/consul_exporter/consul_exporter /usr/local/consul_exporter/bin/

创建service文件
保存于/lib/systemd/system/consul_exporter.service文件中

[root@master1 prometheus]# cat /lib/systemd/system/consul_exporter.service 
[Unit]
Description=consul_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=consul
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/consul_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/local/consul_exporter/bin/consul_exporter \
    --consul.server="http://localhost:8500" \
    --web.listen-address=":9107" \
    --web.telemetry-path="/metrics" \
    --log.level=info \
    $ARGS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutStopSec=20s
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable --now consul_exporter.service

systemctl start consul_exporter
systemctl status consul_exporter

验证监听的端口，并测试访问其暴露的指标

ss -tnlp | grep '9107'

curl localhost:9107/metrics

[root@master1 prometheus]# cat consul_exporter.json    
{
  "id": "master1.org-consul_exporter",
  "name": "master1.org-consul_exporter",
  "address": "master1.org",
  "port": 9107,
  "tags": ["consul_exporter"],
  "checks": [{
    "http": "http://master1.org:9107/metrics",
    "interval": "5s"
  }]
}

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @consul_exporter.json http://192.168.3.60:8500/v1/agent/service/register

Grafana 展示
模板 12049

posted @ 2026-06-17 15:09 minger_lcm 阅读(3) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

Prometheus的各种exporter实现MySQL-Redis-Nginx-Consul服务的监控

公告