1 # coding = utf-8
2 # BeautifulSoup 主要功能是解析提取HTML数据
3 # re lxml bs4
4
5 # pip install Beautifulsoup4
6
7 # from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
8
9 html = '''
10 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
11
12 <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
13
14 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
15 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
16 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
17 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
18 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
19
20 <p class="story">...</p>
21
22 '''
23 ############################################################################
24 # BeautifulSoup部分
25 #############################################################################
26
27 # soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
28
29 # 四大对象种类：Tag NavigableString Beautifulsoup Comment
30
31 # print(soup.a) # 获取a标签
32 # print(soup.a.get('href')) # 取a标签的属性,获得超链接
33 # print(soup.a.text) # 获取a标签下的文本，若a下有子标签，可能获取不到
34 # print(soup.a.string) # 获取a标签（包含a下的子标签）下的文本
35
36
37 # 搜索文档：find find_all 按照一定的过滤条件进行匹配
38
39 # 字符串
40 # print(soup.find_all('a')) # 匹配整个文档中的a标签
41 # print(soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'title'})) # 匹配class为title的标签
42
43 # #正则表达式
44 # import re
45 # print(soup.find_all(re.compile('^p'))) # 匹配以p开头的标签
46 # print(soup.find_all(re.compile('y$'))) # 匹配以y结尾的标签
47 # print(soup.find_all(re.compile('t'))) # 匹配包含t的标签
48
49 # 列表
50 # for tag in soup.find_all(['a', 'b']): # 匹配a标签，b标签
51 # print(tag)
52
53 # for tag in soup.find_all('p', class_='story'): # 匹配class=story的p标签
54 # print(tag)
55
56 # # 方法 给find_all传入一个方法作为过滤条件
57 # def has_class_but_no_id(tag):
58 # """
59 # 定义一个判断有class属性但是没有id属性的方法，作为过滤条件
60 # """
61 # return tag.has_attr('class') and not tag.has_attr('id')
62 #
63 # for tag in soup.find_all(has_class_but_no_id):
64 # print(tag)
65
66
67 # css选择器
68 # print(soup.select('title')) # 通过标签名查找
69 # print(soup.select('.sister')) # 通过class名查找
70 # print(soup.select('#link1')) # 通过id名查找
71 # print(soup.select('p #link2')) # 组合查找，id为link2的p标签
72
73 # > 只能够一级一级向下查找
74 # print(soup.select('body > p .sister')) # 查找body下类名为sister的p
75
76
77 # 百度搜索python，对返回页面进行属性查找
78 # import requests
79 # url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=python'
80 # response = requests.get(url) # 获取的数据是网页源代码，未经过js渲染
81 #
82 # soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')
83
84 # 查找返回页面搜索到的结果
85 # items = soup.find_all('div', class_='result c-container ')
86
87 # 打印搜索结果
88 # for item in items:
89 # print(item.select('h3 > a')[0].get('href') # 取a标签
90 # print(item.select('h3 > a')[0].get_text())
91
92 #################################################################################
93 # xpath 部分
94 # 通配符 / // @ # . ..
95 # /表示从当前节点匹配 //整个文档匹配 @选取属性 *
96 ########################################################################################
97 html = '''
98 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
99 <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
100 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
101 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
102 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
103 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
104 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
105 <p class="story">...</p>
106 '''
107 # from lxml import etree
108 # e = etree.HTML(html)
109 # for i in e.xpath('//p'): # 整个文档中搜索p标签
110 # # print(i.xpath('string(.)')) # 获取当前标签下所有文本（标签下套标签），包括下面子标签的文本
111 # print(i.text) # 匹配当前标签下的文本内容，不包含子标签
112
113 """
114 # for i in e.xpath('//p/@class'): # 选取p的class属性
115 # for i in e.xpath('//p[@class=title]'): # 搜索class=title的p标签
116 //title[@*] 匹配所有有属性的title标签
117 """
118 # 百度搜索python，用xpath查找
119 import requests
120 from lxml import etree
121
122 url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=python'
123 response = requests.get(url) # 获取的数据是网页源代码
124 tree = etree.HTML(response.text)
125
126 # 查找返回页面搜索到的结果
127 items = tree.xpath('//div[@class="result c-container "]')
128 for item in items:
129 # print(item.xpath('h3/a/@href'))
130 print(item.xpath('h3/a')[0].xpath('string(.)'))
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