获取汉字拼音

 1、获取汉字拼音的首字母

string GetFirstLetter(const char* strChs)
{
    static int li_SecPosValue[] = {
        1601, 1637, 1833, 2078, 2274, 2302, 2433, 2594, 2787, 3106, 3212,
        3472, 3635, 3722, 3730, 3858, 4027, 4086, 4390, 4558, 4684, 4925, 5249
    };
    static char* lc_FirstLetter[] = {
        "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O",
        "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"
    };
    static char* ls_SecondSecTable =
        "CJWGNSPGCGNE[Y[BTYYZDXYKYGT[JNNJQMBSGZSCYJSYY[PGKBZGY[YWJKGKLJYWKPJQHY[W[DZLSGMRYPYWWCCKZNKYYGTTNJJNYKKZYTCJNMCYLQLYPYQFQRPZSLWBTGKJFYXJWZLTBNCXJJJJTXDTTSQZYCDXXHGCK[PHFFSS[YBGXLPPBYLL[HLXS[ZM[JHSOJNGHDZQYKLGJHSGQZHXQGKEZZWYSCSCJXYEYXADZPMDSSMZJZQJYZC[J[WQJBYZPXGZNZCPWHKXHQKMWFBPBYDTJZZKQHY"
        "LYGXFPTYJYYZPSZLFCHMQSHGMXXSXJ[[DCSBBQBEFSJYHXWGZKPYLQBGLDLCCTNMAYDDKSSNGYCSGXLYZAYBNPTSDKDYLHGYMYLCXPY[JNDQJWXQXFYYFJLEJPZRXCCQWQQSBNKYMGPLBMJRQCFLNYMYQMSQYRBCJTHZTQFRXQHXMJJCJLXQGJMSHZKBSWYEMYLTXFSYDSWLYCJQXSJNQBSCTYHBFTDCYZDJWYGHQFRXWCKQKXEBPTLPXJZSRMEBWHJLBJSLYYSMDXLCLQKXLHXJRZJMFQHXHWY"
        "WSBHTRXXGLHQHFNM[YKLDYXZPYLGG[MTCFPAJJZYLJTYANJGBJPLQGDZYQYAXBKYSECJSZNSLYZHSXLZCGHPXZHZNYTDSBCJKDLZAYFMYDLEBBGQYZKXGLDNDNYSKJSHDLYXBCGHXYPKDJMMZNGMMCLGWZSZXZJFZNMLZZTHCSYDBDLLSCDDNLKJYKJSYCJLKWHQASDKNHCSGANHDAASHTCPLCPQYBSDMPJLPZJOQLCDHJJYSPRCHN[NNLHLYYQYHWZPTCZGWWMZFFJQQQQYXACLBHKDJXDGMMY"
        "DJXZLLSYGXGKJRYWZWYCLZMSSJZLDBYD[FCXYHLXCHYZJQ[[QAGMNYXPFRKSSBJLYXYSYGLNSCMHZWWMNZJJLXXHCHSY[[TTXRYCYXBYHCSMXJSZNPWGPXXTAYBGAJCXLY[DCCWZOCWKCCSBNHCPDYZNFCYYTYCKXKYBSQKKYTQQXFCWCHCYKELZQBSQYJQCCLMTHSYWHMKTLKJLYCXWHEQQHTQH[PQ[QSCFYMNDMGBWHWLGSLLYSDLMLXPTHMJHWLJZYHZJXHTXJLHXRSWLWZJCBXMHZQXSDZP"
        "MGFCSGLSXYMJSHXPJXWMYQKSMYPLRTHBXFTPMHYXLCHLHLZYLXGSSSSTCLSLDCLRPBHZHXYYFHB[GDMYCNQQWLQHJJ[YWJZYEJJDHPBLQXTQKWHLCHQXAGTLXLJXMSL[HTZKZJECXJCJNMFBY[SFYWYBJZGNYSDZSQYRSLJPCLPWXSDWEJBJCBCNAYTWGMPAPCLYQPCLZXSBNMSGGFNZJJBZSFZYNDXHPLQKZCZWALSBCCJX[YZGWKYPSGXFZFCDKHJGXDLQFSGDSLQWZKXTMHSBGZMJZRGLYJB"
        "PMLMSXLZJQQHZYJCZYDJWBMYKLDDPMJEGXYHYLXHLQYQHKYCWCJMYYXNATJHYCCXZPCQLBZWWYTWBQCMLPMYRJCCCXFPZNZZLJPLXXYZTZLGDLDCKLYRZZGQTGJHHGJLJAXFGFJZSLCFDQZLCLGJDJCSNZLLJPJQDCCLCJXMYZFTSXGCGSBRZXJQQCTZHGYQTJQQLZXJYLYLBCYAMCSTYLPDJBYREGKLZYZHLYSZQLZNWCZCLLWJQJJJKDGJZOLBBZPPGLGHTGZXYGHZMYCNQSYCYHBHGXKAMTX"
        "YXNBSKYZZGJZLQJDFCJXDYGJQJJPMGWGJJJPKQSBGBMMCJSSCLPQPDXCDYYKY[CJDDYYGYWRHJRTGZNYQLDKLJSZZGZQZJGDYKSHPZMTLCPWNJAFYZDJCNMWESCYGLBTZCGMSSLLYXQSXSBSJSBBSGGHFJLYPMZJNLYYWDQSHZXTYYWHMZYHYWDBXBTLMSYYYFSXJC[DXXLHJHF[SXZQHFZMZCZTQCXZXRTTDJHNNYZQQMNQDMMG[YDXMJGDHCDYZBFFALLZTDLTFXMXQZDNGWQDBDCZJDXBZGS"
        "QQDDJCMBKZFFXMKDMDSYYSZCMLJDSYNSBRSKMKMPCKLGDBQTFZSWTFGGLYPLLJZHGJ[GYPZLTCSMCNBTJBQFKTHBYZGKPBBYMTDSSXTBNPDKLEYCJNYDDYKZDDHQHSDZSCTARLLTKZLGECLLKJLQJAQNBDKKGHPJTZQKSECSHALQFMMGJNLYJBBTMLYZXDCJPLDLPCQDHZYCBZSCZBZMSLJFLKRZJSNFRGJHXPDHYJYBZGDLQCSEZGXLBLGYXTWMABCHECMWYJYZLLJJYHLG[DJLSLYGKDZPZXJ"
        "YYZLWCXSZFGWYYDLYHCLJSCMBJHBLYZLYCBLYDPDQYSXQZBYTDKYXJY[CNRJMPDJGKLCLJBCTBJDDBBLBLCZQRPPXJCJLZCSHLTOLJNMDDDLNGKAQHQHJGYKHEZNMSHRP[QQJCHGMFPRXHJGDYCHGHLYRZQLCYQJNZSQTKQJYMSZSWLCFQQQXYFGGYPTQWLMCRNFKKFSYYLQBMQAMMMYXCTPSHCPTXXZZSMPHPSHMCLMLDQFYQXSZYYDYJZZHQPDSZGLSTJBCKBXYQZJSGPSXQZQZRQTBDKYXZK"
        "HHGFLBCSMDLDGDZDBLZYYCXNNCSYBZBFGLZZXSWMSCCMQNJQSBDQSJTXXMBLTXZCLZSHZCXRQJGJYLXZFJPHYMZQQYDFQJJLZZNZJCDGZYGCTXMZYSCTLKPHTXHTLBJXJLXSCDQXCBBTJFQZFSLTJBTKQBXXJJLJCHCZDBZJDCZJDCPRNPQCJPFCZLCLZXZDMXMPHJSGZGSZZQLYLWTJPFSYASMCJBTZKYCWMYTCSJJLJCQLWZMALBXYFBPNLSFHTGJWEJJXXGLLJSTGSHJQLZFKCGNNNSZFDEQ"
        "FHBSAQTGYLBXMMYGSZLDYDQMJJRGBJTKGDHGKBLQKBDMBYLXWCXYTTYBKMRTJZXQJBHLMHMJJZMQASLDCYXYQDLQCAFYWYXQHZ";
    std::string result;
    int H = 0;
    int L = 0;
    int W = 0;
    UINT stringlen = strlen(strChs);
    for (UINT i = 0; i < stringlen; i++) {
        H = (UCHAR)(strChs[i + 0]);
        L = (UCHAR)(strChs[i + 1]);
        if (H < 0xA1 || L < 0xA1) {
            result += strChs[i];
            continue;
        }
        else {
            W = (H - 160) * 100 + L - 160;
        }
        if (W > 1600 && W < 5590) {
            for (int j = 22; j >= 0; j--) {
                if (W >= li_SecPosValue[j]) {
                    result += lc_FirstLetter[j];
                    i++;
                    break;
                }
            }
            continue;
        }
        else {
            i++;
            W = (H - 160 - 56) * 94 + L - 161;
            if (W >= 0 && W <= 3007)
                result += ls_SecondSecTable[W];
            else {
                result += (char)H;
                result += (char)L;
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

string str = GetFirstLetter("测试数据"); //str为CSSJ

常见多音字：
行,H,X
长,Z,C
藏,Z,C
重,Z,C
盛,S,C
奇,Q,j
阿,E,A
畜,X,C
单,D,S
系,J,X
校,X,J
省,S,X
宿,X,S

 2、获取汉字拼音

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <locale>


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 设置中文 locale（需系统支持）
    std::locale loc("Chinese_China.936"); //Windows 可用 "Chinese_China.936" 或 "zh-CN"
    //std::locale loc("zh_CN.UTF-8");  // Linux/macOS 常见
    // 若失败可尝试 std::locale("") 使用系统默认，但需确保系统区域为中文

    std::vector<std::string> words = { "张三", "李四", "王五", "赵六", "安琪" };

    // 使用 collate 进行字符串比较
    const std::collate<char>& coll = std::use_facet<std::collate<char>>(loc);
    std::sort(words.begin(), words.end(), [&](const std::string& a, const std::string& b) {
        return coll.compare(a.data(), a.data() + a.size(),
            b.data(), b.data() + b.size()) < 0;
        });

    for (const auto& s : words)
        std::cout << s << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

 3、其它方法

  使用轻量级的开源库pinyin4cpp，或者功能丰富的cpp-pinyin（支持多音字处理）。