SQL技巧：创建用来按小时报告的查询

要创建一个可以每个小时报告的查询，首先要创建一个表格。该表格一列记录日期，而没有时间信息；另一列记录钟点。下面的表格有一列记录了不同的处理类型。例如，我们可以按小时找出处理类型的总数。

CREATE TABLE test
(StartTime DATETIME NOT NULL
DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
StartDate DATETIME NOT NULL
DEFAULT CONVERT(DATETIME, CONVERT(CHAR(10),CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 110)),
StartHour INT NOT NULL
DEFAULT DATEPART(hh,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
TranType INT NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT ck_TranType CHECK ( TranType IN
(
1, -- insert
2, -- update
3, -- delete
)
DEFAULT 1
)
GO 

接下来，插入test的数据来模拟一个可能的样本。

INSERT test (StartTime, TranType) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 3)
INSERT test (StartTime, TranType) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 2)
INSERT test (StartTime, TranType) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 3)
GO
DECLARE @hr int
SET @hr = DATEPART(hh, DATEADD(hh,-1,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) )
INSERT test (StartTime, TranType, StartHour) _
VALUES (DATEADD(hh,-1,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 3, @hr)
INSERT test (StartTime, TranType, StartHour) _
VALUES (DATEADD(hh,-1,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 1, @hr)
INSERT test (StartTime, TranType, StartHour) _
VALUES (DATEADD(hh,-1,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 2, @hr)
GO

然后用一个查询来找出按日和小时的处理总数。

SELECT StartDate tran_day,
StartHour tran_hour
, CASE trantype WHEN 1 THEN 'insert'
WHEN 2 THEN 'update'
WHEN 3 THEN 'delete'
ELSE 'unknown'
END trantype,
COUNT(*) tran_total
FROM
Test
GROUP BY
StartDate,
StartHour
,trantype
ORDER BY StartDate, StartHour
COMPUTE SUM(COUNT(*)) BY StartDate, StartHour
GO

去掉test可以清空test表格。

DROP TABLE test

GO