docker 初探

Docker入门

0、基本介绍

Docker 包括三个基本概念:

镜像（Image）：Docker 镜像（Image），就相当于是一个 root 文件系统。比如官方镜像 ubuntu:16.04 就包含了完整的一套 Ubuntu16.04 最小系统的 root 文件系统。
容器（Container）：镜像（Image）和容器（Container）的关系，就像是面向对象程序设计中的类和实例一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器是镜像运行时的实体。容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等。
仓库（Repository）：仓库可看成一个代码控制中心，用来保存镜像。

1、安装（centos）

Centos 安装

菜鸟教程链接
配置阿里云镜像加速，注册就有免费的

2、常用命令

查看docker版本情况

[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.12
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.10
 Git commit:        48a66213fe
 Built:             Mon Jun 22 15:46:54 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.2
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       8891c58
  Built:            Mon Dec 28 16:16:13 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.3
  GitCommit:        269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc92
  GitCommit:        ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]#

从docker仓库检索镜像

# docker search 镜像名
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10380               [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3848                [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   761                                     [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   519                 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   87
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   79
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                                      [OK]
bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      47                                      [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use  http://hub.docker.com/r …   41                                      [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              36                                      [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         35
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   29                                      [OK]
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   27
circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   20
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   20
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   17
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      17                                      [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   10                                      [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                                       [OK]
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                                       [OK]
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1
monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0

docker pull 拉取镜像（默认最新版latest）

# docker pull 镜像名:版本号
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a076a628af6f: Already exists
0732ab25fa22: Pull complete
d7f36f6fe38f: Pull complete
f72584a26f32: Pull complete
7125e4df9063: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]#

查看当前本地镜像

[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wordpress           latest              a05fd91ad06a        9 days ago          550MB
nginx               latest              f6d0b4767a6c        9 days ago          133MB
mysql               5.7                 cc8775c0fe94        9 days ago          449MB
centos              latest              300e315adb2f        6 weeks ago         209MB

移除本地镜像

# docker rmi 镜像id
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker rmi f6d0b4767a6c
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Deleted: sha256:f6d0b4767a6c466c178bf718f99bea0d3742b26679081e52dbf8e0c7c4c42d74
Deleted: sha256:4dfe71c4470c5920135f00af483556b09911b72547113512d36dc29bfc5f7445
Deleted: sha256:3c90a0917c79b758d74b7040f62d17a7680cd14077f734330b1994a2985283b8
Deleted: sha256:a1c538085c6f891424160d8db120ea093d4dda393e94cd4713e3fff3c82299b5
Deleted: sha256:a3ee2510dcf02c980d7aff635909612006fd1662084d6225e52e769b984abeb5
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wordpress           latest              a05fd91ad06a        9 days ago          550MB
mysql               5.7                 cc8775c0fe94        9 days ago          449MB
centos              latest              300e315adb2f        6 weeks ago         209MB
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]#

使用镜像实例化容器

-i: 交互式操作。
-t: 终端。
centos: centos镜像。

/bin/bash：放在镜像名后的是命令，这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell，因此用的是 /bin/bash。

# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@b89b415c7413 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@b89b415c7413 /]#
# 使用exit退出容器

查看当前容器情况

# docker ps
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
06445fcfd1e5        wordpress:latest    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours         0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp   my_docker_blog_wordpress_1
997e7e697331        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours         3306/tcp, 33060/tcp    my_docker_blog_db_1

[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                  NAMES
b89b415c7413        centos              "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                          lucid_tereshkova
06445fcfd1e5        wordpress:latest    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours                0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp   my_docker_blog_wordpress_1
997e7e697331        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours                3306/tcp, 33060/tcp    my_docker_blog_db_1



# docker ps --help
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker ps --help

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display numeric IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]#

后台实例化一个镜像

#  docker run -itd --name centos-test centos /bin/bash
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker run -itd --name centos-test centos /bin/bash
87c9509a6388a60d6f1d521dde15e7d3b4259ea04a0d436df9613f7687babff0
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
87c9509a6388        centos              "/bin/bash"              23 seconds ago      Up 22 seconds                              centos-test
06445fcfd1e5        wordpress:latest    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours         0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp   my_docker_blog_wordpress_1
997e7e697331        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 24 hours         3306/tcp, 33060/tcp    my_docker_blog_db_1
[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]#

进入后台运行的一个容器
- docker attach CONTAINER ID 退出会导致容器停止
- docker exec 退出容器不停止推荐使用
```
 # docker exec -it 6e50dc99c623 /bin/bash
```
停止一个容器
```
docker stop CONTAINER ID
```
重启一个容器
```
docker restart CONTAINER ID
```
删除一个容器
```
docker rm CONTAINER ID
```
清理所用已经停止的容器
```
docker container prune
```

查看Docker 容器的配置和状态信息

# docker inspect <CONTAINER ID>[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz /]# docker inspect  997e7e697331[    {        "Id": "997e7e697331ca8f460fd92abb769c5f8b740a6f404dd2ec657c64f978963b2c",        "Created": "2021-01-18T08:26:57.365608744Z",        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",        "Args": [            "mysqld"        ],        "State": {            "Status": "running",            "Running": true,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 22221,            "ExitCode": 0,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2021-01-21T04:50:26.898769281Z",            "FinishedAt": "2021-01-21T04:50:10.24839982Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:cc8775c0fe94cd6cbfc494688d09b078cda9bced9d9324d5c28bddf032344fc3",....

拷贝命令（从容器中cp到宿主机）

# docker cp 容器id:/file-path  local-path

3、练习

mysql

 docker run -d --name mysql-5-7 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306  mysql:5.7

nginx

# 拉取镜像[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz ~]# docker pull nginxUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/nginxa076a628af6f: Already exists0732ab25fa22: Pull completed7f36f6fe38f: Pull completef72584a26f32: Pull complete7125e4df9063: Pull completeDigest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aaStatus: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latestdocker.io/library/nginx:latest# 启动镜像 docker run -d --name my-nginx -p 宿主机端口:镜像内部端口 [root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]#  docker run -d --name my-nginx -p 8888:80 nginx:latest79531f01b2bb4b09cd8f16cabc7627a92a4c1d5115dd6fad89d1b8b03c5a4e4c[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]## 访问测试[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]# curl localhost:8888<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Welcome to nginx!</title><style>    body {        width: 35em;        margin: 0 auto;        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;    }</style></head><body><h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1><p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed andworking. Further configuration is required.</p><p>For online documentation and support please refer to<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>Commercial support is available at<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p><p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p></body></html>[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]#

tomcat

# 拉取[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]# docker pull tomcat:9.09.0: Pulling from library/tomcatb9a857cbf04d: Pull completed557ee20540b: Pull complete3b9ca4f00c2e: Pull complete667fd949ed93: Pull complete661d3b55f657: Pull complete511ef4338a0b: Pull completea56db448fefe: Pull complete00612a99c7dc: Pull complete326f9601c512: Pull completec547db74f1e1: Pull completeDigest: sha256:94cc18203335e400dbafcd0633f33c53663b1c1012a13bcad58cced9cd9d1305Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0docker.io/library/tomcat:9.0# 后台启动[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]# docker run -itd --name my-tomcat -p 8889:8080 tomcat:9.00a0232f6910f377f33bc151f0b92256a8afdfb2c63fd272d17a23d05b9068127# 进入容器[root@izbp1bfxfdyulbdgtdansvz sbin]# docker exec -it my-tomcat /bin/bashroot@0a0232f6910f:/usr/local/tomcat## 复制文件root@0a0232f6910f:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps/# 测试访问

es+kibana

图形化portainer

docker run -d -p 8899:9000  --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer

4、构建镜像

当docker仓库的镜像不能满足需要了，就需要自己构建镜像

docker镜像加载原理
分层理解
commit镜像

posted @ 2021-06-05 17:06 小孟随笔阅读(344) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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小孟随笔

一枚技术宅

docker 初探

Docker入门

0、基本介绍

1、安装（centos）

2、常用命令

查看docker版本情况

从docker仓库检索镜像

docker pull 拉取镜像（默认最新版latest）

查看当前本地镜像

移除本地镜像

使用镜像实例化容器

查看当前容器情况

后台实例化一个镜像

进入后台运行的一个容器

停止一个容器

重启一个容器

删除一个容器

清理所用已经停止的容器

查看Docker 容器的配置和状态信息

3、练习

nginx

tomcat

es+kibana

图形化portainer

4、构建镜像

docker镜像加载原理

分层理解

commit镜像

公告