按键驱动的恩恩怨怨之防抖动
转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/ruoyunliufeng/article/details/24540403
一.驱动代码
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *sixthdrv_class_dev;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
static struct timer_list buttons_timer; //定义一个结构体(定时器)
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static struct fasync_struct *button_async; //定义发送结构
struct pin_desc{ //定义结构体
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
/*
* K1,K2,K3,K4相应GPG0,GPG3,GPG5,GPG6
*/
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = { //定义一个结构体数组
{S3C2410_GPG0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG5, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG6, 0x04},
};
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd; //发生中断时的引脚描写叙述
//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量并初始化为1
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义相互排斥锁
/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) //參数中断号,和ID
{
/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100); //改动定时器的超时时间
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
{
atomic_inc(&canopen);
return -EBUSY;
}
#endif
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) //推断是否是堵塞操作。
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock)) //非堵塞,假设无法获取信号量立马返回错误
return -EBUSY;
}
else //堵塞
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}
/* GPG0,GPG3,GPG5,GPG6为中断引脚: EINT8,EINT11,EINT13,EINT14 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT8, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]); //设置引脚,使能中断
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press) //非堵塞推断有没有按键发生,假设没有返回错误
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 假设没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}
/* 假设有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&canopen);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT8, &pins_desc[0]); //出链,禁止中断
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);
up(&button_lock); //释放信号量
return 0;
}
static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会马上休眠,仅仅是把进程挂到队列里面去
if (ev_press) //推断是否有数据返回。有的话进行赋值,没有的话休眠
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
return mask;
}
static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on) //应用程序调用接口,fasync_helper即调用
{
printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async); //初始化结构体,使中断中能够使用
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自己主动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = sixth_drv_open,
.read = sixth_drv_read,
.release = sixth_drv_close,
.poll = sixth_drv_poll,
.fasync = sixth_drv_fasync,
};
int major;
static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = irq_pd; //?定义一个结构体指针使他的初值为ID
unsigned int pinval;
if (!pindesc)
return;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin); //系统函数独处引脚值(GPF0)
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN); //有中断发送告诉应用程序
}
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
init_timer(&buttons_timer); //初始化定时器
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;//设置处理函数
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;
add_timer(&buttons_timer); //定时器告诉内核
major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops); //注冊
sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv"); //自己主动创建设备
sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
// gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
// gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
// iounmap(gpfcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");二.应用程序代码
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
/* sixthdrvtest
*/
int fd;
void my_signal_fun(int signum) //读取按键值,打印
{
unsigned char key_val;
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
int Oflags;
//signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
return -1;
}
//fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
//Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
//fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);
while (1)
{
ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
//sleep(5);
}
return 0;
}三.分析
小伙伴们还记得我上两节按键的时候有时候会出现两下的情况吗?归根结底就是没消抖动,按键是要消抖动的,玩过单片机的同学都知道,延时就好了。如今我们玩ARM了事实上道理也一样。详细怎么做?
1.定义结构体
static struct timer_list buttons_timer; //定义一个结构体(定时器)
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd; //发生中断时的引脚描写叙述
2.初始化(在入口函数中)
init_timer(&buttons_timer); //初始化定时器 buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;//设置处理函数 add_timer(&buttons_timer); //定时器告诉内核3.处理函数
将原来中断中的处理函数放到定时器处理函数中(void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data))然后在中断处理函数中
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) //參数中断号,和ID
{
/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100); //改动定时器的超时时间
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}这段代码就是实现消抖的核心所在:
a.抖动的产生:
通常的按键所用开关为机械弹性开关,当机械触点断开、闭合时,因为机械触点的弹性作用,一个按键开关在闭合时不会立即稳定地接通,在断开时也不会一下子断开。因而在闭合及断开的瞬间均伴随有一连串的抖动,为了不产生这样的现象而作的措施就是按键消抖。抖动时间的长短由按键的机械特性决定,一般为5ms~10ms。
b.我们怎样实现消抖:
由上图我们能够看出就是这些锯齿是我们识别了以为是按下了(事实上是抖动)所以我们用定时器延时10MS等按键状态稳定了再进行处理。
c.代码实现:
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100); //改动定时器的超时时间这里的100就决定了延迟时间用HZ代表1S的意思,1/100就是10MS了。
4.工作截图
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