Linux系统管理

 

Linux系统管理第1-9章 总测试实验

 

实验要求：

1、首先在虚拟机中添加5块硬盘，分别是/dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf 大小各为： 10G

 

 

1.1要求： 将 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc 做成 RAID0 ==> /dev/md0

[root@zhangwuji ~]# fdisk -l |grep "/dev/sdb"

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

[root@zhangwuji ~]# fdisk -l |grep "/dev/sdc"

Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0]

md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]

      20970496 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

      

unused devices:

[root@zhangwuji ~]# ls -l /dev/md0

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 0 7月   5 14:39 /dev/md0

 

1.2要求： 将 /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf 做成 RAID5 ==> /dev/md5

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l5 -n3 /dev/sd[def]

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md5 : active raid5 sdf[3] sde[1] sdd[0]

      20954112 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]

      [===>.................]  recovery = 17.1% (1800064/10477056) finish=0.7min speed=200007K/sec

      

md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]

      20970496 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

      

unused devices:

[root@zhangwuji ~]# ls -l /dev/md5

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 5 7月   5 14:42 /dev/md5

 

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm -D -s > /etc/mdadm.conf

[root@zhangwuji ~]# vi /etc/mdadm.conf

ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=zhangwuji:0 UUID=2a999340:8f99e578:dac5945f:49d5a17d auto=yes

ARRAY /dev/md5 metadata=1.2 name=zhangwuji:5 UUID=7e859829:aee31284:57c878e2:6005464e auto=yes

 

1.3要求： 将 /dev/md0 /dev/md5 做成物理卷， 再合并成卷组： vg0 ,再从vg0中划分出1个15G大小的逻辑卷lv0,并把lv0格式化为ext4文件类型，格式后，挂载到 /web的目录下，在/web下创建以file开头的10个文件，并编辑/etc/fstab实现自动挂载， 然后再将 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 扩展成20G大小。

[root@zhangwuji ~]# pvcreate /dev/md0 /dev/md5

  Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created

  Physical volume "/dev/md5" successfully created

[root@zhangwuji ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/md0 /dev/md5

  Volume group "vg0" successfully created

[root@zhangwuji ~]# lvcreate -L 15G -n lv0 vg0

  Logical volume "lv0" created

[root@zhangwuji ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg0/lv0

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/vg0/lv0

  LV Name                lv0

  VG Name                vg0

  LV UUID                QpF0gy-h5l7-lH7d-zje1-IJ12-FCzy-oiEWGc

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time zhangwuji, 2018-07-05 14:48:58 +0800

  LV Status              available

  # open                 0

  LV Size                15.00 GiB

  Current LE             3840

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     4096

  Block device           253:2

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mkdir /web

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 /web/

[root@zhangwuji ~]# df -hT

Filesystem                          Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_centos6node1-lv_root ext4    37G  6.8G   29G  20% /

tmpfs                               tmpfs  495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                           ext4   485M   35M  426M   8% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0                 ext4    15G  166M   14G   2% /web

[root@zhangwuji ~]# touch /web/file{1..10}

[root@zhangwuji ~]# ls /web/

file1   file2  file4  file6  file8  lost+found

file10  file3  file5  file7  file9  

[root@zhangwuji ~]# vi /etc/fstab

在本文最下面1行追加如下行：

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0     /web                    ext4    defaults        0 0

[root@zhangwuji ~]# umount /web/

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mount /web/

[root@zhangwuji ~]# df -hT

Filesystem                          Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_centos6node1-lv_root ext4    37G  6.8G   29G  20% /

tmpfs                               tmpfs  495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                           ext4   485M   35M  426M   8% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0                 ext4    15G  166M   14G   2% /web

[root@zhangwuji ~]# lvextend -L +5G /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0

  Extending logical volume lv0 to 20.00 GiB

  Logical volume lv0 successfully resized

[root@zhangwuji ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 is mounted on /web; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 to 5242880 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 is now 5242880 blocks long.

 

[root@zhangwuji ~]# df -hT

Filesystem                          Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_centos6node1-lv_root ext4    37G  6.8G   29G  20% /

tmpfs                               tmpfs  495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                           ext4   485M   35M  426M   8% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0                 ext4    20G  170M   19G   1% /web

 

1.4要求：模拟磁盘/dev/sdd硬盘损坏，将其拔出后，再插入一块好的硬盘。

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -f /dev/sdd

mdadm: set /dev/sdd faulty in /dev/md5

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md5 : active raid5 sdf[3] sde[1] sdd[0](F)

      20954112 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU]

      

md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]

      20970496 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

      

unused devices:

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -r /dev/sdd

mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd from /dev/md5

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md5 : active raid5 sdf[3] sde[1]

      20954112 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU]

      

md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]

      20970496 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

      

unused devices:

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdd

mdadm: added /dev/sdd

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md5 : active raid5 sdd[4] sdf[3] sde[1]

      20954112 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU]

      [=>...................]  recovery =  5.7% (600064/10477056) finish=0.5min speed=300032K/sec

      

md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]

      20970496 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

      

unused devices:

 

2、实验要求：

 

2.1 构建本地YUM仓库,用YUM方式安装软件mysql-server，并用rpm命令查询其是否被安装，然后用rpm命令将该软件不检查依赖卸载。

 

 

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mkdir -p /media/cdrom

[root@zhangwuji ~]# umount /dev/sr0

umount: /dev/sr0: not mounted

[root@zhangwuji ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@zhangwuji ~]# du -sh /media/cdrom/

4.2G /media/cdrom/

[root@zhangwuji ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@zhangwuji yum.repos.d]# mkdir a/

[root@zhangwuji yum.repos.d]# mv C* a/

[root@zhangwuji yum.repos.d]# cp a/*M* ./

[root@zhangwuji yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Media.repo

修改此文中第20行中的“0”改为：“1”

enabled=1

[root@zhangwuji ~]# rpm --import /media/cdrom/*K*

[root@zhangwuji ~]# yum -y clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Cleaning repos: c6-media

Cleaning up Everything

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

[root@zhangwuji ~]# yum makecache

c6-media                                                  | 4.0 kB     00:00 ...