xlrd+xlwt读写Excel

Python写Excel——xlwt

import xlwt

# 设置表格样式
def set_style(name, height, colorIndx, bold=False, center=False, border=False, bg=False, bgcolor=2):
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    font = xlwt.Font()
    font.name = name
    font.bold = bold  # 加粗
    font.colour_index = colorIndx
    font.height = height
    style.font = font
    if center:#居中
        alm = xlwt.Alignment()
        alm.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
        style.alignment = alm
    if border:#边框
        borders = xlwt.Borders()
        borders.left = 1
        borders.right = 1
        borders.bottom = 1
        borders.top = 1
        style.borders = borders

    if bg:# 设置背景颜色
        pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
        # 设置背景颜色的模式
        pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
        # 背景颜色
        pattern.pattern_fore_colour = bgcolor
        style.pattern = pattern
    return style

# 写Excel
def write_excel():
    f = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet1 = f.add_sheet('学生', cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    row0 = ["姓名", "年龄", "出生日期", "爱好"]
    colum0 = ["张三", "李四", "恋习Python", "小明", "小红", "无名"]
    # 写第一行
    for i in range(0, len(row0)):
        sheet1.write(0, i, row0[i], set_style('Arial', 200, 4))
    # 写第一列
    for i in range(0, len(colum0)):
        sheet1.write(i + 1, 0, colum0[i], set_style('Arial', 200, 3))

    sheet1.write(1, 3, '2006/12/12')
    sheet1.write_merge(6, 6, 1, 3, '未知', set_style('华文琥珀', 200, 4, center=True, bg=True, bgcolor=22))  # 合并行单元格
    sheet1.write_merge(1, 2, 3, 3, '打游戏')  # 合并列单元格
    sheet1.write_merge(4, 5, 3, 3, '打篮球')
    # write_merge(row, row+h, col, col+w, '内容')
    sheet1.write(10, 10, '测试', set_style('Arial', 200, 3, center=True, bg=True))

    f.save('test.xls')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    write_excel()

Python读Excel——xlrd

import xlrd
from datetime import date,datetime

file = 'test3.xlsx'

def read_excel():

    wb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename=file)#打开文件
    print(wb.sheet_names())#获取所有表格名字，列表型

    sheet1 = wb.sheet_by_index(0)#通过索引获取表格
    sheet2 = wb.sheet_by_name('年级')#通过名字获取表格
    print(sheet1,sheet2)
    print(sheet1.name,sheet1.nrows,sheet1.ncols)
    #名称，行数，列数

    rows = sheet1.row_values(2)#获取行内容
    cols = sheet1.col_values(3)#获取列内容
    print(rows)
    print(cols)

    print(sheet1.cell(1,0).value)#获取表格里的内容，三种方式
    print(sheet1.cell_value(1,0))
    print(sheet1.row(1)[0].value)

 常用方法记录：

'''一、打开文件'''
xl = xlrd.open_workbook(file)

'''二、获取sheet'''
print (xl.sheet_names())#获取sheet名称
print (xl.sheets())#获取sheet对象
print(xl.nsheets) #获取sheet总数
print(xl.sheet_by_name(u"目录"))
print (xl.sheet_by_index(1))


'''三、获取sheet内的汇总数据'''
table1 = xl.sheet_by_name(u"目录")
print(table1.name)
print (table1.ncols)
print(table1.nrows)

'''四、单元格批量读取'''
print(table1.row_values(0))#获取第n行的值 若是合并单元格 首行显示值 其它为空
print(table1.row(0))#获取值及类型
print (table1.row_types(0))
print(table1.col_values(0,1,4))#获取列，切片
print(table1.row_slice(1,0,2))

'''五、特定单元格读取'''
#取值
print(table1.cell(1,2).value)
print(table1.cell_value(1,2))
print(table1.row(1)[2]).value
print(table1.col(2)[1]).value
#取类型
print(table1.cell(1,2).ctype)
print(table1.cell_type(1,2))
print(table1.row(1)[2].ctype)

'''六、常用技巧（0,0）转换成A1'''
print(xlrd.cellname(0,0))
print(xlrd.cellnameabs(0,0))
print(xlrd.colname(0))

 

我们来解决这两个问题：

1.Python读取Excel中单元格内容为日期的方式

Python读取Excel中单元格的内容返回的有5种类型，即上面例子中的ctype：

ctype :  0 empty，1 string，2 number， 3 date，4 boolean，5 error

即date的ctype=3，这时需要使用xlrd的xldate_as_tuple来处理为date格式，先判断表格的ctype=3时xldate才能开始操作。

详细代码如下：

import xlrd
from datetime import date,datetime

print(sheet1.cell(1,2).ctype)
date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(sheet1.cell_value(1,2),wb.datemode)
print(date_value)
print(date(*date_value[:3]))
print(date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y/%m/%d'))

2.获取合并单元格的内容

在操作之前，先介绍一下merged_cells()用法，merged_cells返回的这四个参数的含义是：(row,row_range,col,col_range),其中[row,row_range)包括row,不包括row_range,col也是一样，即(1, 3, 4, 5)的含义是：第1到2行（不包括3）合并，(7, 8, 2, 5)的含义是：第2到4列合并。

详细代码如下：

print(sheet1.merged_cells)
print(sheet1.cell_value(1,3))
print(sheet1.cell_value(4,3))
print(sheet1.cell_value(6,1))

获取merge_cells返回的row和col低位的索引即可(无需（r, r+h, c, c+w）)！ 于是可以这样批量获取：

详细代码如下：

merge = []
print(sheet1.merged_cells)
for (rlow,rhigh,clow,chigh) in sheet1.merged_cells:
    merge.append([rlow,clow])
for index in merge:
    print(sheet1.cell_value(index[0],index[1]))

Examples Generating Excel Documents Using Python’s xlwt

Here are some simple examples using Python’s xlwt library to dynamically generate Excel documents.

Please note a useful alternative may be ezodf, which allows you to generate ODS (Open Document Spreadsheet) files for LibreOffice / OpenOffice. You can check them out at:http://packages.python.org/ezodf/index.html

The Simplest Example
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Formatting the Contents of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
font = xlwt.Font() # Create the Font
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True
font.underline = True
font.italic = True
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Style
style.font = font # Apply the Font to the Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Unformatted value')
worksheet.write(1, 0, label = 'Formatted value', style) # Apply the Style to the Cell
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Attributes of the Font Object
font.bold = True # May be: True, False
font.italic = True # May be: True, False
font.struck_out = True # May be: True, False
font.underline = xlwt.Font.UNDERLINE_SINGLE # May be: UNDERLINE_NONE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE_ACC, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE_ACC
font.escapement = xlwt.Font.ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT # May be: ESCAPEMENT_NONE, ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT, ESCAPEMENT_SUBSCRIPT
font.family = xlwt.Font.FAMILY_ROMAN # May be: FAMILY_NONE, FAMILY_ROMAN, FAMILY_SWISS, FAMILY_MODERN, FAMILY_SCRIPT, FAMILY_DECORATIVE
font.charset = xlwt.Font.CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN # May be: CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN, CHARSET_SYS_DEFAULT, CHARSET_SYMBOL, CHARSET_APPLE_ROMAN, CHARSET_ANSI_JAP_SHIFT_JIS, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_HANGUL, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_JOHAB, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_GBK, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_BIG5, CHARSET_ANSI_GREEK, CHARSET_ANSI_TURKISH, CHARSET_ANSI_VIETNAMESE, CHARSET_ANSI_HEBREW, CHARSET_ANSI_ARABIC, CHARSET_ANSI_BALTIC, CHARSET_ANSI_CYRILLIC, CHARSET_ANSI_THAI, CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN_II, CHARSET_OEM_LATIN_I
font.colour_index = ?
font.get_biff_record = ?
font.height = 0x00C8 # C8 in Hex (in decimal) = 10 points in height.
font.name = ?
font.outline = ?
font.shadow = ?


Setting the Width of a Cell
import xltw
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'My Cell Contents')
worksheet.col(0).width = 3333 # 3333 = 1" (one inch).
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Entering a Date into a Cell
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0
worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Adding a Formula to a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5
worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2
worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])
worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Adding a Hyperlink to a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")')) # Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Merging Columns and Rows
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.
font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
font.bold = True # Set font to Bold
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Setting the Alignment for the Contents of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Adding Borders to a Cell
# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


Setting the Background Color of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')


TODO: Things Left to Document
- Panes -- separate views which are always in view
- Border Colors (documented above, but not taking effect as it should)
- Border Widths (document above, but not working as expected)
- Protection
- Row Styles
- Zoom / Manification
- WS Props?
Source Code for reference available at: https://secure.simplistix.co.uk/svn/xlwt/trunk/xlwt/

http://www.youlikeprogramming.com/2011/04/examples-generating-excel-documents-using-pythons-xlwt/