Linux基本命令

1. ls: Lists files and directories.

   • Usage: ls, ls -l (long format), ls -a (including hidden files)

2. cd: Changes the current directory.

   • Usage: cd [directory], cd .. (parent directory), cd (home directory)

3. pwd: Displays the path of the current working directory.

   • Usage: pwd

4. cp: Copies files and directories.

   • Usage: cp [source] [destination], cp -r [source_directory] [destination_directory] (recursive copy)

5. mv: Moves or renames files and directories.

   • Usage: mv [source] [destination], mv [old_name] [new_name]

6. rm: Removes files and directories.

   • Usage: rm [file], rm -r [directory] (recursive remove)

7. mkdir: Creates new directories.

   • Usage: mkdir [directory_name]

8. touch: Creates a new empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.

   • Usage: touch [file_name]

9. cat: Concatenates and displays the content of files.

   • Usage: cat [file], cat [file1] [file2] > [new_combined_file]

10. grep: Searches for a specific pattern in files or input.

    • Usage: grep '[pattern]' [file], cat [file] | grep '[pattern]'

11. find: Searches for files and directories based on various criteria.

    • Usage: find [directory] -name '[pattern]', find [directory] -type f (files only)

12. sudo: Executes commands with superuser privileges.

    • Usage: sudo [command]

13. chmod: Changes the permissions of files or directories.

    • Usage: chmod [permissions] [file]

14. chown: Changes the owner and group of files or directories.

    • Usage: chown [user]:[group] [file]

15. df: Displays disk space usage.

    • Usage: df, df -h (human-readable format)

16. du: Displays the disk usage of files and directories.

    • Usage: du, du -h (human-readable format)

17. ps: Shows information about active processes.

    • Usage: ps, ps -aux

18. kill: Terminates processes.

    • Usage: kill [process_id], kill -9 [process_id] (force kill)

19. nano, vi, emacs: Text editors for editing files.

    • Usage: nano [file], vi [file], emacs [file]

20. man: Displays the manual page for other commands.

    • Usage: man [command]