数据
print(3+2)#5
print(3-2)#1
print(3*2)#6
print(3/2)#1.5
print(3//2)#1
print(3%2)#1
print(3**2)#9
print(2.13232+1.000000)#3.13232
#数字转字符串
age=20
print('Happy '+str(age)+'th Birthday!')#Happy 20th Birthday!
num=66
print('My favorite number is '+str(num))#My favorite number is 66
输入
#message=input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:")
#print(message)
#prompt="If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
#prompt+="\nWhat is your first name?"
#name=input(prompt)
#print("\nHello, "+name+"!")
#输入数字
height=input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height=int(height)
if height>=26:
print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older")
输出
print('What is your name?')#What is your name?
name='My name is Guorui Sang'
print(name)#My name is Guorui Sang
name='I forget your name.'
print(name)#I forget your name.
yourName='Eric'
print('Hello '+yourName+', would your like to learn some Python today?')#Hello Eric, would your like to learn some Python today?
yourName='donald trump'
print(yourName.title())#Donald Trump
print(yourName.upper())#DONALD TRUMP
print(yourName.lower())#donald trump
print('Albert Einstein once said, \"A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.\"')
#Albert Einstein once said, "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."
yourName=' tomas edison '
print(yourName.lstrip())#tomas edison
print(yourName.rstrip())# tomas edison
print(yourName.strip())#tomas edison
if
cars=['audi','bmw','subaru','toyota']
for car in cars:
if car=='bmw':
print(car.upper())
else:
print(car.title())
#Audi
#BMW
#Subaru
#Toyota
#判断值是否在列表中
requested_toppings=['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings:
print('I am here!')
if 'sandwiches' not in requested_toppings:
print('Give me sandwiches!')
#I am here!
#Give me sandwiches!
#if elif else
age=12
if age<3:
print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age<18:
print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
print("Your admission cost is $10.")
#Your admission cost is $5.
for car in cars:
print("I would like to drive "+car)
#I would like to drive audi
#I would like to drive bmw
#I would like to drive subaru
#I would like to drive toyota
for car in cars:
if car=='bmw':
print("Wow!")
else:
print("Not you.")
#Not you.
#Wow!
#Not you.
#Not you.
#先判断列表是否为空
cars=[]
if cars:
print("You can really drive.")
else:
print("Are you kidding me?")
#Are you kidding me?
while
current_number=1
while current_number<=5:
print(current_number)
current_number+=1
prompt="Tell me something, input \"quit\" to exit"
message=""
while message!="quit":
message=input(prompt)
if message!="quit":
print(message)
#while处理列表
unconfirmed_users=['alice','brian','candace']
confirmed_users=[]
while unconfirmed_users:
current_user=unconfirmed_users.pop()
print("Verifying user: "+current_user.title())
confirmed_users.append(current_user)
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
print(confirmed_user.title())
pets=['dog','cat','dog','goldfish','cat','rabbit','cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)
#while创建字典
responses={}
polling_active=True
while polling_active:
name=input("\nWhat is your name? ")
response=input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday?")
responses[name]=response
repeat=input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/no)")
if repeat=='no':
polling_active=False
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
for name,response in responses.items():
print(name+" would like to climb "+response+".")
list
bicycles=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(bicycles)
print(bicycles[0].title())
print(bicycles[-1])
print(bicycles[-2])
bicycles[0]='Gugu'
print(bicycles[0])
bicycles.append('Haha')
print(bicycles[-1])
name=[]
name.append('Alice')
name.append('Bob')
print(name[-1])
print(name[0])
name.insert(0,'Mike')
print(name[0])
del name[0]
print(name[0])
print(name)
last=name.pop()
first=name.pop(0)
print(name)
print(last)
order=['first','second','third','forth']
e='first'
order.remove(e)
print(order)
print(e)
cars=['c','b','a']
cars.sort()
print(cars)
cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars)
cars=['b','c','a']
print(sorted(cars,reverse=True))
print(cars)
cities=['Beijing','Shanghai','Shenzhen']
cities.reverse()
print(cities)
cities.reverse()
print(cities)
print(len(cities))
#列表操作
cities=['Beijing','Shanghai','Guangzhou','shenzhen']
for city in cities:
print(city)
for city in cities:
print(city+'is where I want to go')
for city in cities:
print(city+'wait for me')
print('I am coming!')
print('That\'s how it works')
for value in range(1,3):
print(value*value)
for value in range(1,11,2):
print(value)
squares=[]
for value in range(1,11):
squares.append(value*value)
print(squares)
digits=list(range(1,11))
print(digits)
print(max(digits))
print(min(digits))
print(sum(digits))
squares=[value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
print(squares)
#练习
for value in range(1,21):
print(value)
million=[value for value in range(1,1000001)]
#for value in million:
# print(value)
print(min(million))
print(max(million))
print(sum(million))
list=[value for value in range(1,21,2)]
for value in list:
print(value)
list=[value for value in range(3,31,3)]
for value in list:
print(value)
list=[value**3 for value in range(1,11)]
for value in list:
print(value)
#使用列表的一部分
#切片
players=['Haha','Hehe','Heihei','Xixi']
print(players[0:3])
print(players[1:4])
print(players[:4])
print(players[2:])
print(players[-3:])#输出最后3名
#遍历切片
for player in players[2:]:
print(player)
#复制列表
my_players=players[:]
print(my_players)
my_players[0]='???'
print(my_players)
print(players)
tuple
dimensions=(200,50)
print(dimensions[0])
print(dimensions[1])
#dimensions[0]=20 这个操作不行，元组为不可变列表
for dimension in dimensions:
print(dimension)
#但是可以重新定义元组
dimensions=(30,30)
print(dimensions)
# 1. 定义一个任意元组，对元组使用append() 查看错误信息
tuple1 = ('x', 'y', 3, 4, 5)
print(tuple1)
tuple1.append(x)
# 元组定义完成一般不可变，也没有append方法，会报错
# AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'
# tuple1.append()
# 2. 访问元组中的倒数第二个元素
# 元组也是序列，因此可以使用序列操作
print(tuple1[-2])
# 3. 定义一个新的元组，和 1. 的元组连接成一个新的元组
tuple2 = ('a', 'b', 'c')
print(tuple2)
tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2
print(tuple3)
# 组成新的元组之后会新申请一块内存存放元组，操作的两个元组不变
print(tuple1)
print(tuple2)
# 4. 计算最后得到的元组元素个数
# 可以使用len( )方法计算，也可以使用自带的__len__( )方法得到元组元素的个数，
# 元组元素的个数和总长度是一样的
print(len(tuple3))
# print(tuple3.__len__())
dictionary
#定义
alien_0={'color':'green','points':5}
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['points'])
#添加键值对
alien_0['x_position']=0
alien_0['y_position']=25
print(alien_0)
#修改键值对
alien_0['color']='yellow'
print("The alien is now "+alien_0['color']+".")
#删除键值对
del alien_0['points']
print(alien_0)
info={
'first_name':'Sang',
'last_name':'Guorui',
'age':'20',
'city':'Guoyang',
'stature':'20'
}
print(info)
#遍历字典
for key,value in info.items():
print("Key: "+key)
print("Value: "+value)
#遍历字典中的键
for key in info.keys():
print("\nKey:"+key)
if 'Country' not in info.keys():
print("Oh, where are you from?")
for key in sorted(info.keys()):
print(key)
#遍历字典的值
for value in set(info.values()):
print(value)
#嵌套
#列表中存字典
alien_0={'color':'green','points':5}
alien_1={'color':'yellow','points':10}
alien_2={'color':'red','points':15}
aliens=[alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]
for alien in aliens:
print(alien)
#字典中存列表
pizza={
'crust':'thick',
'toppings':['mushrooms','extra cheese']
}
print("You ordered a "+pizza['crust']+"-crust pizza "+
"with the following toppings:")
for topping in pizza['toppings']:
print("\t"+topping)
#字典中存字典
users={
'aeinstein':{
'first':'albert',
'last':'einstein',
'location':'princeton'
},
'mcurie':{
'first':'marie',
'last':'curie',
'location':'paris'
}
}
for username, user_info in users.items():
print("\nUsername: "+username)
full_name=user_info['first']+" "+user_info['last']
location=user_info['location']
print("\tFull name: "+full_name.title())
print("\tLocation: "+location.title())
function
#无形参
def greet_user():
print("Hello!")
greet_user()
#有形参
def greet_user(username):
print("Hello, "+username.title()+"!")
greet_user("jesse")
#位置实参
def describe_pet(animal_type,pet_name):
print("\nI have a "+animal_type+".")
print("My "+animal_type+"'name is "+pet_name.title()+".")
describe_pet('hamster','harry')
#关键字实参
describe_pet(animal_type='hamster',pet_name='harry')
#给形参提供默认值
def show(name='Sang',city='Guoyang'):
print(name+" is living in "+city)
show()
#给函数提供返回值
def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name):
full_name=first_name+' '+last_name
return full_name.title()
musician=get_formatted_name('jimi','hendrix')
print(musician)
#可选实参
def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name,middle_name=''):
if middle_name:
full_name=first_name+' '+middle_name+' '+last_name
else:
full_name=first_name+' '+last_name
return full_name.title()
musician=get_formatted_name('jimi','hendrix')
print(musician)
musician=get_formatted_name('john','hooker','lee')
print(musician)
#返回字典
def build_person(first_name,last_name):
person={'first':first_name,'last':last_name}
return person
musician=build_person('jimi','hendrix')
print(musician)
def build_person(first_name,last_name,age=''):
person={'first':first_name,'last':last_name}
if age:
person['age']=age
return person
musician=build_person('jimi','hendrix',age=27)
print(musician)
#传递列表
def greet_users(names):
for name in names:
msg="Hello, "+name.title()+"!"
print(msg)
usernames=['hannah','ty','margot']
greet_users(usernames)
#禁止函数修改列表
def clear(names):
while names:
names.pop()
clear(usernames[:])
print(usernames)
#传递任意数量的实参
def make_pizza(*toppings):
print(toppings)
make_pizza('pepperoni')
make_pizza('mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese')
#位置实参+任意数量实参
def make_pizza(size,*toppings):
print("\nMaking a "+str(size)+"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
for topping in toppings:
print("- "+topping)
make_pizza(16,'pepperoni')
make_pizza(12,'mushroom','green peppers','extra cheese')
#任意数量的关键字实参
def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):
profile={}
profile['first_name']=first
profile['last_name']=last
for key,value in user_info.items():
profile[key]=value
return profile
user_profile=build_profile('albert','einstein',location='princeton',field='physics')
print(user_profile)
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