Qt3D 代码模块
1 ---------------------------------------------- 2 概述 3 - 请阅读QtHelp: Qt 3D Overview 4 https://www.kdab.com/overview-qt3d-2-0-part-1/ 5 http://blog.csdn.net/iron_lzn/article/details/51363959 6 - 上youtube 搜索 Qt 3D 视频 7 － 上kdab公司的网站，Qt3D的主要代码都是kdab公司提供的 8 - 建模示例：https://www.kdab.com/qt-3d-animation-easter-teaser/ 9 ---------------------------------------------- 10 功能 11 2D and 3D rendering : 2d/3d渲染 12 Meshes and Geometry : 面片和坐标 13 Materials : 材质 14 Shaders : 着色器 15 Shadow mapping : 阴影贴图（一种实时阴影技术） 16 Ambient occlusion : 环境光遮蔽（一种全局光技术） 17 High dynamic range : 高动态范围（HDR) 18 Deferred rendering : 延迟渲染（一种多光源渲染技术） 19 Multitexturing : 多材质 20 Instanced rendering : 实例渲染 21 Uniform Buffer Objects : 统一缓冲对象(HBO) 22 23 相关库 24 QT += 3dcore 3drender 3dinput 3dlogic 3dextras 25 #include <Qt3DCore> 26 #include <Qt3DRender> 27 #include <Qt3DInput> 28 #include <Qt3DLogic> 29 #include <Qt3DExtras> 30 QT += 3dcore 3drender 3dinput 3dlogic 3dextras qml quick 3dquick 31 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 // 节点实体模型，基础变化 32 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 // 相机，缓冲，滤镜，图层，面片，光照，特效，材质，Shader， 33 import Qt3D.Input 2.0 // 输入 34 import Qt3D.Logic 2.0 // 每帧动画控制 35 import Qt3D.Extras 2.0 // 第一人称相机，轨道相机，反射贴图，基础模型等 36 37 继承关系 38 Node // qt3d 所有类的基类 39 Entity // 40 Camera // 41 Component3D // 42 Layer // 43 Transform // 44 CameraLens // 45 ComputeCommand // 46 FrameAction // 47 InputSettings // 48 KeyboardHandler // 49 GeometryRenderer // 50 Mesh // 面片 51 ConeMesh // 圆锥体 ConeMesh {bottomRadius: 0.05; topRadius: 0; length : 0.1; rings : 10; slices: 10}, 52 CuboidMesh // 长方体 53 CylinderMesh // 圆柱体 CylinderMesh{length : size; radius : 0.05; rings : 10; slices: 10} 54 PlaneMesh // 平面 PlaneMesh {width: 1.0; height: 1.0; meshResolution: Qt.size(2, 2)} 55 SphereMesh // 球体 SphereMesh {radius: 1} 56 TorusMesh // 三叶体 57 Light // 光照基类 58 DirectionLight // 方向光（如太阳） 59 PointLight // 电光源（如灯泡） 60 SportLight // 聚光 61 Material // 62 Texture2D // 63 DiffuseMapMaterial // 漫反射贴图材质 64 DiffuseSpecularMapMaterial // 漫反射高光贴图材质 65 GoochMaterial // Gooch shading model, popular in CAD and CAM applications 66 NormalDiffuseMapMaterial // 67 NormalDiffuseMapAlphaMaterial // 68 NormalDiffuseSpecularMapMaterial // 69 PhongMaterial // 70 PhongAlphaMaterial // 71 PerVertexColorMaterial // 72 AbstractTextureImage // 73 Effect // 74 FilterKey // 75 FrameGraphNode // FrameGraph 配置基类，用于控制渲染 76 LayerFilter // 层过滤（只显示指定层的对象） 77 CameraSelector // 相机选择器 78 ClearBuffers // enables clearing of the specific render target buffers with specific values 79 DispatchCompute // FrameGraph node to issue work for the compute shader on GPU 80 FrustumCulling // enables frustum culling of the drawable entities based on the camera view and Geometry bounds of the entities 81 NoDraw // Prevents from drawing anything 82 RenderCapture // Used to request render capture. User can specify a captureId to identify the request. 83 RenderSurfaceSelector // be used to select the surface 84 RenderTargetSelector // s used to select active RenderTarget for the FrameGraph 85 RenderPassFilter // 86 RenderStateSet // 87 SortPolicy // 88 TechniqueFilter // 89 Viewport // 90 KeyboardDevice // 91 RenderPass // 92 RenderState // 93 RenderTargetOutput // 94 ShaderPrograme 95 CameraController 96 FirstPersonCameraController // 第一人称相机控制器（类似cs） 97 OrbitCameraController // 轨道相机控制器（围绕物体旋转） 98 Geometry // 99 ConeGeometry // allows creation of a cone in 3D space 100 CuboidGeometry // allows creation of a cuboid in 3D space. 101 CylinderGeometry // 102 PlaneGeometry // 103 SphereGeometry // 104 TorusGeometry // 105 106 107 eg 108 CuboidMesh { 109 id: mesh 110 property real multiplier: 0.0256 111 xExtent: 512 * multiplier 112 yExtent: 768 * multiplier 113 zExtent: 2.0 114 yzMeshResolution: Qt.size(20, 20) 115 xzMeshResolution: Qt.size(20, 20) 116 xyMeshResolution: Qt.size(20, 20) 117 } 118 119 显示OpenGL版本 120 Rectangle { 121 color: "black" 122 Text { 123 color: "white" 124 anchors.centerIn: parent 125 text: "Open%4 %1.%2 %3" 126 .arg(OpenGLInfo.majorVersion) 127 .arg(OpenGLInfo.minorVersion) 128 .arg({0: "NoProfile", 1: "CoreProfile", 2: "CompatibilityProfile"}[OpenGLInfo.profile]) 129 .arg({0: "Unspecified", 1: "GL", 2: "GLES"}[OpenGLInfo.renderableType]) 130 styleColor: "#8b8b8b" 131 style: Text.Sunken 132 font.pointSize: 24 133 onTextChanged: { 134 Resources.setGlInfo(OpenGLInfo); 135 } 136 } 137 } 138 139 ---------------------------------------------- 140 Scene3D 141 提供3d运行场景，嵌在普通qml中 142 ---------------------------------------------- 143 属性 144 activeCamera : Camera3D 145 activeLight : Light3D 146 devicePixelRatio : float 147 graphPositionQuery : point 148 invalidSelectionPoint : point 149 primarySubViewport : rect 150 secondarySubViewport : rect 151 secondarySubviewOnTop : bool 152 selectionQueryPosition : point 153 slicingActive : bool 154 viewport : rect 155 156 示例 157 Scene3D { 158 id: scene3d 159 anchors.fill: parent 160 anchors.margins: 10 161 focus: true 162 aspects: ["input", "logic"] 163 cameraAspectRatioMode: Scene3D.AutomaticAspectRatio 164 AnimatedEntity {} 165 } 166 167 168 169 ---------------------------------------------- 170 Entity 171 Entity有个属性component，里面可以容纳 Mesh, Transformation, Audio, Material.....， 172 这是一种很灵活的方式，可简化3d对象类的层次，也便于扩展。 173 ---------------------------------------------- 174 标准写法 175 Entity { 176 components: [ 177 Mesh {source: "assets/obj/toyplane.obj"}, 178 PhongMaterial {diffuse: "white"; shininess: 50} 179 ] 180 } 181 182 从文件中加载场景 183 Entity { 184 components: [ 185 SceneLoader {source: "qrc:/assets/test_scene.dae"} 186 ] 187 } 188 189 190 ---------------------------------------------- 191 Camera 192 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 193 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 194 ---------------------------------------------- 195 第一人称三角透视相机 196 Camera { 197 id: mainCamera 198 objectName: "mainCamera" 199 projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection 200 fieldOfView: 22.5 201 aspectRatio: _window.width / _window.height 202 onAspectRatioChanged: console.log( "aspectRatio = " + aspectRatio ) 203 nearPlane: 0.01 204 farPlane: 1000.0 205 viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) 206 upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) 207 } 208 FirstPersonCameraController { camera: mainCamera } 209 210 211 轨道透视相机（右键按住拖动，可对准原点旋转相机） 212 components: [ 213 RenderSettings { 214 activeFrameGraph: ForwardRenderer { 215 clearColor: Qt.rgba(0, 0.5, 1, 1) 216 camera: camera 217 } 218 }, 219 InputSettings { } 220 ] 221 Camera { 222 id: camera 223 projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection 224 fieldOfView: 45 225 aspectRatio: 16/9 226 nearPlane : 0.1 227 farPlane : 1000.0 228 position: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, -40.0 ) 229 upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) 230 viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) 231 } 232 OrbitCameraController { camera: camera} 233 234 多角度观测 235 Viewport { 236 id: mainViewport 237 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1) 238 ClearBuffers { 239 buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 240 } 241 242 Viewport { 243 id: topLeftViewport 244 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5) 245 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopLeftViewport } 246 } 247 Viewport { 248 id: topRightViewport 249 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.5) 250 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopRightViewport } 251 } 252 Viewport { 253 id: bottomLeftViewport 254 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) 255 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomLeftViewport } 256 } 257 Viewport { 258 id: bottomRightViewport 259 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) 260 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomRightViewport } 261 } 262 } 263 264 265 266 267 ---------------------------------------------- 268 Light 269 ---------------------------------------------- 270 方向光（平行光，如太阳） 271 Enity { 272 components: [ 273 DirectionalLight { 274 worldDirection: Qt.vector3d(0.3, -3.0, 0.0).normalized(); 275 color: "#fbf9ce" 276 intensity: 0.3 277 } 278 ] 279 } 280 281 点光源（如灯泡） 282 Entity { 283 components: [ 284 PointLight { 285 color: "red" 286 intensity: 0.3 287 constantAttenuation: 1.0 288 linearAttenuation: 0.0 289 quadraticAttenuation: 0.0025 290 } 291 ] 292 } 293 294 聚光（如舞台聚光灯） 295 Entity { 296 components: [ 297 SpotLight { 298 localDirection: Qt.vector3d(0.0, -1.0, 0.0) 299 color: "white" 300 intensity: 0.6 301 } 302 ] 303 } 304 305 306 307 308 309 ---------------------------------------------- 310 Material（材质） 311 贴图相关概念 312 https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/167602912.html 313 http://www.cnblogs.com/xiuj/p/5875461.html 314 ------------------------------------------- 315 ambient : 环境色。物体自己发出的光。 316 diffuse map : 漫反射贴图(色彩贴图）, 它的作用是给模型上颜色和材质 317 specular map : 高光贴图，不同材质，在光照下，它们的反射光的强弱都不同 318 normal map : 法线贴图.用来表现凹凸 319 ------------------------------------------- 320 gloss map : 指示着色器对物体的表面的某些部分着色更亮一点，某些部分更暗一点，因为Gloss Maps只需要单通道, 可用alpha通道的图或灰度图 321 emboss bump map : 做表面的浮雕效果的 322 opacity map : 透明贴图。透明通道制作头发或者损坏的衣服布料等等可以用到 323 shininess : 光泽（0-1） 324 lighting map 和 AO map : 让材质制作更加逼真，更加方便 325 Qt3D中材质 326 用Material组件编写 327 提供了几种材质组件，通常是几种贴图方式的组合 328 PhongMaterial 329 DiffuseMapMaterial 330 NormalDiffuseMapMaterial 331 GoochMaterial 332 ---------------------------------------------- 333 简单色彩材质 334 色彩材质 335 ColorMaterial{ 336 diffuseColor: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.5, 0.3, 1.0) 337 specularColor: Qt.rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0) 338 } 339 Phong 基础光照模型材质 340 PhongMaterial { 341 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 1.0 ) 342 diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 343 specular: Qt.rgba( 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 344 shininess: 1.0 345 } 346 PhongAlphaMaterial（带透明通道的基础Phong光照模型材质） 347 PhongMaterial { 348 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 1.0 ) 349 diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 350 specular: Qt.rgba( 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 351 shininess: 1.0 352 alpha: 0.8 353 } 354 GoochMaterial 355 Gooch光照渲染模型。 356 常用于CAD和CAM程序，完全拟真不是该模型的目标， 357 该模型同时使用 color 和 brightness 来显示3d表面的弯曲部分; 358 该模型混合了漫反射光／冷光／暖光来产生渐变色带，冷光和暖光分别由alpha和beta参数影响。色带区间：[cool + alpha * diffuse, warm + beta * diffuse] 359 参数 360 shininess : real 361 diffuse : color 362 specular : color 363 coolColor : color 364 warmColor : color 365 alpha : real 366 beta : real 367 PerVertexColorMaterial 368 Default implementation for rendering the color properties set for each vertex 369 帮助上没有任何参数 370 371 372 373 漫反射贴图材质（Phong光照模型) 374 漫反射贴图材质（漫反射由贴图提供） 375 DiffuseMapMaterial { 376 diffuse: "assets/chest/diffuse.webp" 377 specular: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0 ) 378 shininess: 2.0 379 ambient: color 380 textureScale: 1.0 381 } 382 漫反射高光贴图材质（漫反射和高光均有贴图提供） 383 DiffuseSpecularMapMaterial{ 384 diffuse: "assets/chest/diffuse.webp" 385 specular: "assets/chest/specular.webp" 386 shininess: 2.0 387 ambient: color 388 textureScale: 1.0 389 } 390 391 392 凹凸贴图材质（用贴图来模拟细节，减小建模复杂度） 393 法线漫反射贴图材质（实现了phong光照和凹凸贴图模型） 394 NormalDiffuseMapMaterial { 395 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0 ) 396 shininess: 5.0 397 textureScale: 1.0 398 diffuse: "assets/houseplants/pot.webp" 399 normal: "assets/houseplants/pot_normal.webp" 400 specular: Qt.rgba( 0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1.0 ) 401 } 402 法线漫反射贴图质（和前一个的区别？） 403 NormalDiffuseMapAlphaMaterial { 404 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0 ) 405 shininess: 1.0 406 textureScale: 1.0 407 diffuse: "qrc:/images/songtitle.png" 408 normal: "qrc:/images/normalmap.png" 409 specular: color 410 } 411 法线漫反射高光贴图材质（高光可以指定贴图） 412 NormalDiffuseSpecularMapMaterial { 413 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0 ) 414 shininess: 10.0 415 textureScale: 10.0 416 diffuse: "assets/textures/pattern_09/diffuse.webp" 417 normal: "assets/textures/pattern_09/normal.webp" 418 specular: "assets/textures/pattern_09/specular.webp" 419 } 420 421 422 自定义材质（使用Shader技术实现） 423 示例1 424 Material { 425 id: instancedPhongMaterial 426 effect: Effect { 427 techniques: Technique { 428 graphicsApiFilter { 429 api: GraphicsApiFilter.OpenGL 430 profile: GraphicsApiFilter.CoreProfile 431 minorVersion: 2 432 majorVersion: 3 433 } 434 filterKeys: FilterKey { name: "renderingStyle"; value: "forward" } 435 renderPasses: RenderPass { 436 shaderProgram: ShaderProgram { 437 vertexShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/instanced.vert") 438 fragmentShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/instanced.frag") 439 } 440 } 441 } 442 } 443 } 444 线框材质 445 请查看官方示例“Wireframe qml example” 446 WireframeMaterial { 447 id: wireframeMaterial 448 effect: WireframeEffect {} 449 ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 450 diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 451 } 452 详见官方示例：Planets qml example 453 Texture2D { 454 id: diffuseTexture 455 minificationFilter: Texture.LinearMipMapLinear 456 magnificationFilter: Texture.Linear 457 wrapMode { 458 x: WrapMode.Repeat 459 y: WrapMode.Repeat 460 } 461 generateMipMaps: true 462 maximumAnisotropy: 16.0 463 TextureImage {source: "qrc:/texturePalette.png"} 464 } 465 466 467 ---------------------------------------------- 468 Layer(QLayer>) 469 类似ps中的图层，可在程序中控制某些图层显示隐藏 470 ---------------------------------------------- 471 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 472 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 473 Entity { 474 id: root 475 components: RenderSettings { 476 Viewport { 477 ClearBuffers { 478 buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 479 CameraSelector { 480 camera: mainCamera 481 LayerFilter {layers: [layer1]} 482 } 483 } 484 } 485 } 486 Camera { id: mainCamera } 487 488 // scene 489 Entity { 490 id: renderableEntity 491 components: [ mesh, layer1 ] 492 } 493 Layer { id: layer1 } 494 GeometryRenderer { id: mesh } 495 } 496 497 498 499 500 ---------------------------------------------- 501 TechniqueFilter e 502 ---------------------------------------------- 503 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 504 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 505 TechniqueFilter { 506 property alias camera: cameraSelector.camera 507 property alias window: surfaceSelector.surface 508 509 id: root 510 objectName : "techniqueFilter" 511 matchAll: [ FilterKey { name: "renderingStyle"; value: "forward" } ] // Select the forward rendering Technique of any used Effect 512 513 RenderSurfaceSelector { 514 id: surfaceSelector 515 Viewport { 516 id: viewport 517 objectName : "viewport" 518 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0) 519 CameraSelector { 520 id : cameraSelector 521 objectName : "cameraSelector" 522 ClearBuffers { 523 buffers : ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 524 clearColor: "black" 525 SortPolicy { 526 sortTypes: [ 527 SortPolicy.StateChangeCost, 528 SortPolicy.Material 529 ] 530 } 531 } 532 } 533 } 534 } 535 } 536 537 538 ---------------------------------------------- 539 AspectEngine 540 ---------------------------------------------- 541 3d模拟是AspectEngine来执行等 542 AbstractAspect 543 Behavior 处理组件数据 544 545 RenderAspect 546 InputAspect 547 LoginAspect 548 549 550 551 552 ---------------------------------------------- 553 FrameGraph & ViewPort & Layer 554 描述了后期处理逻辑，如：阴影／透明／后期处理／多视图/选择渲染 555 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 556 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 557 ---------------------------------------------- 558 默认的RenderSetting 559 Entity { 560 Camera { id:camera ... } 561 FirstPersonCameraController {camera:camera} 562 components: [ 563 RenderSetting{ 564 activeFrameGraph : ForwardRenderer {camera:camera, clearColor:"transparent"}, 565 InputSetting{} 566 } 567 ] 568 ... 569 } 570 571 自定义RenderSetting（多视图） 572 RenderSettings { 573 id: quadViewportFrameGraph 574 property alias topLeftCamera: cameraSelectorTopLeftViewport.camera; 575 property alias topRightCamera: cameraSelectorTopRightViewport.camera; 576 property alias bottomLeftCamera: cameraSelectorBottomLeftViewport.camera; 577 property alias bottomRightCamera: cameraSelectorBottomRightViewport.camera; 578 property alias window: surfaceSelector.surface 579 580 activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector { 581 id: surfaceSelector 582 Viewport { 583 id: mainViewport 584 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1) 585 586 ClearBuffers { 587 buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 588 } 589 590 Viewport { 591 id: topLeftViewport 592 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5) 593 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopLeftViewport } 594 } 595 596 Viewport { 597 id: topRightViewport 598 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.5) 599 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopRightViewport } 600 } 601 602 Viewport { 603 id: bottomLeftViewport 604 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) 605 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomLeftViewport } 606 } 607 608 Viewport { 609 id: bottomRightViewport 610 normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) 611 CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomRightViewport } 612 } 613 } 614 } 615 } 616 617 选择图层渲染 618 RenderSurfaceSelector{ 619 RenderTargetSelector{ 620 target: sceneTarget 621 CameraSelector{ 622 camera: mainCamera 623 ClearBuffer { 624 buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 625 clearColor: "white" 626 NoDraw{} 627 } 628 LayerFilter{ 629 layers: [objectsLayer] 630 RenderPassFilter{ 631 matchAny: FilterKey{name: "renderPass"; value: "allObjects"} 632 } 633 } 634 LayerFilter{ 635 layers: [enviromentLayer] 636 } 637 } 638 } 639 } 640 641 642 ---------------------------------------------- 643 CustomMaterial & Effect 644 ---------------------------------------------- 645 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 646 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 647 Material { 648 // 定义材质的参数 649 id: root 650 property color ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0 ) 651 property color diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0 ) 652 property color specular: Qt.rgba( 0.95, 0.95, 0.95, 1.0 ) 653 property real shininess: 150.0 654 property real lineWidth: 0.8 655 property color lineColor: Qt.rgba( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) 656 parameters: [ 657 Parameter { name: "ka"; value: Qt.vector3d(root.ambient.r, root.ambient.g, root.ambient.b) }, 658 Parameter { name: "kd"; value: Qt.vector3d(root.diffuse.r, root.diffuse.g, root.diffuse.b) }, 659 Parameter { name: "ks"; value: Qt.vector3d(root.specular.r, root.specular.g, root.specular.b) }, 660 Parameter { name: "shininess"; value: root.shininess }, 661 Parameter { name: "line.width"; value: root.lineWidth }, 662 Parameter { name: "line.color"; value: root.lineColor } 663 ] 664 665 // 具体的效果实现逻辑（使用Shader实现） 666 effect: Effect { 667 parameters: [ 668 Parameter { name: "ka"; value: Qt.vector3d( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 ) }, 669 Parameter { name: "kd"; value: Qt.vector3d( 0.7, 0.7, 0.7 ) }, 670 Parameter { name: "ks"; value: Qt.vector3d( 0.95, 0.95, 0.95 ) }, 671 Parameter { name: "shininess"; value: 150.0 } 672 ] 673 techniques: [ 674 Technique { 675 graphicsApiFilter { 676 api: GraphicsApiFilter.OpenGL 677 profile: GraphicsApiFilter.CoreProfile 678 majorVersion: 3 679 minorVersion: 1 680 } 681 filterKeys: [ FilterKey { name: "renderingStyle"; value: "forward" } ] 682 parameters: [ 683 Parameter { name: "light.position"; value: Qt.vector4d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, 684 Parameter { name: "light.intensity"; value: Qt.vector3d( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, 685 Parameter { name: "line.width"; value: 1.0 }, 686 Parameter { name: "line.color"; value: Qt.vector4d( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) } 687 ] 688 // 渲染通道 689 renderPasses: [ 690 RenderPass { 691 shaderProgram: ShaderProgram { 692 vertexShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/Materials/Shaders/robustwireframe.vert") 693 geometryShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/Materials/Shaders/robustwireframe.geom") 694 fragmentShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/Materials/Shaders/robustwireframe.frag") 695 } 696 } 697 ] 698 } 699 ] 700 } 701 } 702 shader 详见Qt3D.Shader章节 703 704 705 706 707 ---------------------------------------------- 708 ObjectPicker & animation(5.9) 709 https://www.kdab.com/qt-3d-animation-easter-teaser/ 710 ClipAnimator 5.9 提供。可加载设计好的动画 711 ---------------------------------------------- 712 Entity { 713 id: cube 714 components: [ 715 Transform { 716 id: cubeTransform 717 }, 718 Mesh { 719 source: "qrc:/assets/egg/egg.obj" 720 }, 721 TexturedMetalRoughMaterial { 722 baseColor: TextureLoader { 723 format: Texture.SRGB8_Alpha8 724 source: "qrc:/assets/egg/basecolor.png" 725 } 726 metalness: TextureLoader { source: "qrc:/assets/egg/metalness.png" } 727 roughness: TextureLoader { source: "qrc:/assets/egg/roughness.png" } 728 normal: TextureLoader { source: "qrc:/assets/egg/normal.png" } 729 ambientOcclusion: TextureLoader { source: "qrc:/assets/egg/ambientocclusion.png" } 730 }, 731 ObjectPicker { 732 onClicked: animator.running = true 733 }, 734 ClipAnimator { 735 id: animator 736 loops: 3 737 clip: AnimationClipLoader { source: "qrc:/jumpinganimation.json" } 738 channelMapper: ChannelMapper { 739 mappings: [ 740 ChannelMapping { channelName: "Location"; target: cubeTransform; property: "translation" }, 741 ChannelMapping { channelName: "Rotation"; target: cubeTransform; property: "rotation" }, 742 ChannelMapping { channelName: "Scale"; target: cubeTransform; property: "scale3D" } 743 ] 744 } 745 } 746 ] 747 } 748 749 750 751 752 ---------------------------------------------- 753 -- 批量生成对象 754 ---------------------------------------------- 755 NodeInstantiator { 756 id: collection 757 property int maxCount: parent.numberOfBars 758 model: maxCount 759 delegate: BarEntity { 760 id: cubicEntity 761 entityMesh: CuboidMesh {xExtent: 0.1; yExtent: 0.1; zExtent: 0.1} 762 rotationTimeMs: sceneRoot.barRotationTimeMs 763 entityIndex: index 764 entityCount: sceneRoot.numberOfBars 765 entityAnimationsState: animationState 766 magnitude: 0 767 } 768 } 769 770 NodeInstantiator { 771 id: grid 772 model: rows * columns 773 property int rows: 6 774 property int columns: 11 775 776 Entity { 777 property int _row: index / grid.columns 778 property int _col: index % grid.columns 779 780 components: [ sphereTransform, sphereMesh, sphereMaterial ] 781 SphereMesh { 782 id: sphereMesh 783 slices: 60 784 rings: 60 785 radius: 0.65 786 } 787 Transform { 788 id: sphereTransform 789 translation: Qt.vector3d(-7.5 + _col * 1.5, -4.0 + _row * 1.5, 0) 790 } 791 MetalRoughMaterial { 792 id: sphereMaterial 793 baseColor: scene.baseColor 794 metalness: 0.2 * _row 795 roughness: 0.1 * _col 796 } 797 } 798 } 799 800 801 ---------------------------------------------- 802 -- 杂 803 ---------------------------------------------- 804 KeyboardInput 805 可响应键盘消息 806 807 808 LogicComponent 809 可设置逻辑。如物体位置／精灵创建／离屏销毁等。 810 811 812 FrameGraph 813 如何渲染场景 814 815 816 CameraSelector NoDraw 817 Viewport { 818 CameraSelector { 819 ClearBuffers { 820 buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer 821 NoDraw { } // Prevents from drawing anything 822 } 823 RenderPassFilter { 824 ... 825 } 826 RenderPassFilter { 827 ... 828 } 829 } 830 } 831 832 ClearBuffers 833 ClearBuffers { 834 buffers: ClearBuffers.DepthBuffer 835 CameraSelector { 836 id: lightCameraSelector 837 } 838 } 839 840 841 -------------------------------------------------- 842 三维旋转控制 843 -------------------------------------------------- 844 // 旋转 845 Transform { 846 id: modelTransform 847 property real angle: 0 848 matrix: { 849 var m = cameraMatrix.inverted(); 850 m.translate(Qt.vector3d(6, 851 -4 - (1.0 - showDetailsTransitionState) * 10, 852 -20 * showDetailsTransitionState)); 853 m.rotate(modelTransform.angle, Qt.vector3d(0, 1, 0)); // 动画绕y轴旋转360度 854 m.rotate(15, Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 1)); // 沿z轴倾斜15度 855 return m; 856 } 857 } 858 859 // 860 Transform { 861 id: cameraRotationTransform 862 matrix: { 863 var m = Qt.matrix4x4(); 864 m.rotate(-19 * window.carouselOffset, Qt.vector3d(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)); 865 m.rotate(5 * mainCamera.roll, Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)); 866 m.lookAt(Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ), 867 Qt.vector3d(-40 * Math.sin(mainCamera.yaw), mainCamera.roll * 3, -40 * Math.cos(mainCamera.yaw) ), 868 Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )); 869 return m; 870 } 871 } 872 873 Transform { 874 id: modelTransform 875 matrix: { 876 var m = cameraMatrix.inverted(); 877 m.translate(Qt.vector3d(0.0, -1.5 + (1.5 * showDetailsTransitionState), -40)); 878 m.rotate(40 * Math.min(1.0, showDetailsTransitionState * 1.5), Qt.vector3d(0, 1, 0)); 879 m.translate(Qt.vector3d(-25 * Math.max(0, showDetailsTransitionState - 0.4), 0.0, 0.0)); 880 return m; 881 } 882 } 883 -------------------------------------------------- 884 贴图位置的控制 885 -------------------------------------------------- 886 import Qt3D.Core 2.0 887 import Qt3D.Render 2.0 888 Texture2D { 889 property alias source: image.source 890 minificationFilter: Texture.LinearMipMapLinear 891 magnificationFilter: Texture.Linear 892 generateMipMaps: true 893 wrapMode { 894 x: WrapMode.ClampToEdge 895 y: WrapMode.ClampToEdge 896 } 897 TextureImage { 898 id: image 899 } 900 }
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