《 C 语言程序设计》教材中涉及到的常用词汇荟萃

序号	主要章节	常用英汉对照词汇		备注
1	运算符与表达式 （ operator and expression ）	汉语	英语	C is a general-purpose programming language .The language , however , is not tied to any one operating system or machine ; and although it has been called a “system programming language “ because it is useful for writing compilers and operating systems , it has been used equally well to write major programs in many different domains . C provides the fundamental control –flow constructions required for well-structured programs: statement grouping , decision making (if –else ), selecting one of a of possible cases (switch),looping with the termination test at the top (while ,for ) or at the bottom (do), and early loop exit (break).
		常量	constant
		变量	variable
		标识符	identify
		关键字	keywords
		符号	sign
		运算符	operator
		语句	statement
		语法	syntax
		表达式	Expression
		初始化	Initialization
		数据格式	number format
		说明	Declaration
		类型转换	type conversion
		定义	Define 、 definition
2	条件语句 （ condition statement)	选择	select	if-else statement (The if-else statement is used to express decisions . Formally, the syntax is if(expression ) statement1 else statement2 where the else part is optional . The switch statement is a multi-way decision that tests whether an expression matches one of a number of constant integer values , and branches accordingly . switch (expression ) { case const-expr : statements case const-expr : statements default : statements }
		表达式	expression
		逻辑表达式	logical expression
		关系表达式	Relational expression
		优先	priority
		运算	operation
		结构	structure
3	循环语句 (circle statement)	循环	circle	for (expr1 ; expr2 ;expr3 ) statement is equivalent to expr 1; while (expr2 ) { statement expr3 ; } As we discussed in Chapter 1, the while and for loops test the termination condition at the top . By contrast , the third loop in C , the do-while ,tests at the bottom after making each pass through the loop body ; the body is always executed at least once . The syntax of the do is do statement while (expression );
		条件	condition
		变量	variant
		过程	process
		优先	priority
		运算	operation
4	函数 (function)	调用	call	Functions and Program Structure   Functions break large computing tasks into smaller ones , and enable people to build on what others have done instead of starting over from scratch .
		返回值	return value
		函数	function
		声明	declare
		参数	parameter
		静态的	static
		外部的	extern
5	数组和指针 (array and pointer)	数组	array	Pointers and Arrays   A pointer is a variable that contains the address of a variable . Pointers are much used in C , partly because they are sometimes the only way to express a computation , and partly because they usually lead to more compact and efficient code than can be obtained in other ways . Pointers and arrays are closely related , this chapter also explores this relationship and shows how to exploit it .
		引用	reference
		元素	element
		地址	address
		排序	sort
		字符	character
		字符串	string
		应用	application
		指针	pointer
		参数	argument
		数组	array
		声明	declaration
		表示	represent
		处理	manipulate
6	结构体、 共用体 (structures 、 union ）	结构	structure	Structures    A structure is a collection of one or more variables , possibly of different types , grouped together under a singe name for convenient handling . (Structures are called “records” in some languages , notably Pascal . ) Structures help to organize complicated data , particularly in large programs , because they permit a group of related variables to be treated as a unit instead of as separate entities .
		成员	member
		标记	tag
		函数	function
		枚举	enumerate
		联合 ( 共用体 )	union
		创建	create
		插入	insert
		删除	delete
		修改	modify
7	文件 （ file)	文件	file
		打开	open
		关闭	close
		读	read
		写	write
		错误	error