运维基础-制作本地yum源

1、使用centos镜像做yum源

1、下载centos镜像

• 官网：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/
• 下载：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1908.iso

2、创建目录

--存放镜像
]# mkdir -pv  /opt/centos/centos_iso
--镜像挂载的路径
]# mkdir -pv  /opt/centos/yum_repo/base

3、将镜像放到/opt/centos/centos_iso下

]# cp ./CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso /opt/centos/centos_iso

4、挂载镜像

]# mount -t iso9660 /opt/centos/centos_iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1908.iso /opt/centos/yum_repo/base

• 并将下面语句添加到/etc/fstab

]# vim /etc/fstab
/opt/centos/centos_iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1908.iso      /opt/centos/yum_repo/base    iso9660 defaults        0 0

5、添加yum repo文件

]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo
[mybase]
name=my-base
baseurl=file:///opt/centos/yum_repo/base
gpgcheck=0

6、清除缓存

--清除缓存
]# yum clean all 
--把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索和安装速度
]# yum makecache

7、查看yum仓库列表

]# yum repolist

2、同步其他的yum仓库到本地

1、安装reposync命令

• reposync命令在yum-utils工具包中。

yum -y install yum-utils

2、创建存储目录

• 存放下载的rpm包的目录。

]# mkdir -p /data/yum_repo

3、获取repoid

]# yum repolist

• repoid有3个分别为base、extras、updates。
• 在.repo文件中[serverid]就是repoid
• serverid解释：用于区别各个不同的repository，必须有一个独一无二的名称。若有重复，则后面的会覆盖前面的。

4、同步存储库

• 同步存储库时可以指定一个repoid，也可以指定多个repoid，会自动创建以repoid为名的目录。
  • -n相同包只下载最新的

]# reposync -n --repoid=updates --repoid=extras -p /data/yum_repo

5、创建yum仓库

• reaterepo命令用于创建yum源（软件仓库），即为存放于本地特定位置的众多rpm包建立索引，描述各包所需依赖信息，并形成元数据。

--安装reaterepo命令
yum install createrepo

• 制作yum仓库

--制作成yum仓库前的目录结构
]# tree -L 2 /data/yum_repo/
/data/yum_repo/
├── extras
│   └── Packages
└── updates
    └── Packages

--将两个目录分别制作成yum仓库
createrepo /data/yum_repo/extras/
createrepo /data/yum_repo/updates/

--制作成yum仓库后的目录结构
]# tree -L 2 /data/yum_repo/
/data/yum_repo/
├── extras
│   ├── Packages
│   └── repodata
└── updates
    ├── Packages
    └── repodata

6、制作成iso

• 将两个yum仓库分别制作成iso镜像

mkisofs -r -o /data/yum_repo/extras.iso /data/yum_repo/extras/
mkisofs -r -o /data/yum_repo/updates.iso /data/yum_repo/updates/

3、更换centos7的yum源

1、备份原有 repo 文件

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# mkdir -p backup-$(date +%F)
# mv *.repo backup-$(date +%F)/

2、使用阿里云镜像源

（1）下载CentOS-Base.repo文件

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

• 查看内容

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

（2）下载epel.repo文件

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

• 查看内容

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/SRPMS
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0

3、使用清华 TUNA 镜像源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/repo/Centos-7.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/repo/epel-7.repo

4、重新生成缓存

# yum clean all
# yum makecache

5、验证

#(1)查看yum仓库列表
# yum repolist

#(2) 测试能否正常拉取软件包元数据
# yum info bash

1

#                                                                                                                       #