实验6：开源控制器实践——RYU

一、实验目的

1.能够独立部署RYU控制器；
2.能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的集线器原理；
3.能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的交换机原理。

二、实验环境

Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64

三、实验要求

（一）基本要求

1.搭建下图所示SDN拓扑，协议使用Open Flow 1.0，并连接Ryu控制器，通过Ryu的图形界面查看网络拓扑

2.阅读Ryu文档的The First Application一节，运行当中的L2Switch，h1 ping h2或h3，在目标主机使用 tcpdump 验证L2Switch，分析L2Switch和POX的Hub模块有何不同。
L2Switch代码：

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_0

class L2Switch(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(L2Switch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dp = msg.datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser

        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)]

        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofp.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
             data = msg.data

        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=msg.in_port,
            actions=actions, data = data)
        dp.send_msg(out)

(1)运行并使用 tcpdump 验证L2Switch：

h1 ping h2

h1 ping h3

(2)分析和POX的Hub模块有何不同:
根据h1 ping h2，h1 ping h3时的数据包接收情况，说明L2Switch模块和Hub模块的功能同，都是洪泛转发，但L2Switch模块下发的流表无法查看，而Hub模块下发的流表可以查看
3.编程修改L2Switch.py，另存为L2xxxxxxxxx.py，使之和POX的Hub模块的变得一致？

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
 
 
class hub(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]
 
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(hub, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_feathers_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
 
        # install flow table-miss flow entry
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER, ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        # 1\OUTPUT PORT, 2\BUFF IN SWITCH?
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)
 
    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        # 1\ datapath for the switch, 2\priority for flow entry, 3\match field, 4\action for packet
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        # install flow
        inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS, actions)]
        mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority, match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)
 
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']  # get in port of the packet
 
        # add a flow entry for the packet
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)
 
        # to output the current packet. for install rules only output later packets
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=in_port, actions=actions)
        # buffer id: locate the buffered packet
        datapath.send_msg(out)

查看流表

实验总结

本次实验的额难度适中，按照实验指导书的流程基本能完成任务。通过此次实验，学习了Ryu控制器的使用方法，了解了如何通过Ryu控制器实现流表的下发。虽然过程上没有太大问题，不过有些细节之处需要注意，比如说一开始在运行L2Switch后便一直ping不通，后来才发现在已经打开ryu控制器的 情况下，先运行L2Switch.py文件后，在建立拓扑，就能ping通了；同时在做实验的额过程中还要注意OpenFlow的版本问题。而进阶部分对代码进行注释还是有一定的难度，需要查阅不少的资料，才理解了代码各个部分的作用。最后还要实现硬超时功能，因为在上一次实验中也实现过这个功能，因此对这次的实现运行过程算是有点熟悉，节省了一些时间。