使用hardhat + ganache进行本地solidity开发

hardhat是有本地开发网络的，但ganache是个有界面的程序，也是在本地模拟一个以太坊链，但是界面比较漂亮一些。

hardhat.config.js

require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox");

/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
  solidity: "0.8.19",

  networks: {
    ganache: {
      url: "http://127.0.0.1:7545",
      accounts: ["0x624cfb2cb9b9c3212abfa2800fd8de8e2501c84500336007f4459c50198c69f7"]
    }
  }
};

如上，本地装好ganache并启动以后，我们在里边找一个账户对应的私钥0x624cfb2cb9b9c3212abfa2800fd8de8e2501c84500336007f4459c50198c69f7，把他配置到hardhat.config.js里，ganache的rpc地址默认是http://127.0.0.1:7545，以上我们命名一个名叫ganache的网络。

这样我们就可以部署并测试合约了，例如：npx hardhat run scripts/testcall.js --network ganache
以及： npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network ganache

合约的编写、测试、部署，参照hardhat官方的tuitorial的Token合约：https://hardhat.org/tutorial

这里再补充一个合约部署好以后如何对方法进行调用测试的例子：
scripts/testcall.js

const { ethers } = require("hardhat");

const contractABI = [
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
      "type": "constructor"
    },
    {
      "anonymous": false,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "indexed": true,
          "internalType": "address",
          "name": "_from",
          "type": "address"
        },
        {
          "indexed": true,
          "internalType": "address",
          "name": "_to",
          "type": "address"
        },
        {
          "indexed": false,
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "_value",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Transfer",
      "type": "event"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "address",
          "name": "account",
          "type": "address"
        }
      ],
      "name": "balanceOf",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "name": "name",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "string",
          "name": "",
          "type": "string"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "name": "owner",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "address",
          "name": "",
          "type": "address"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "name": "symbol",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "string",
          "name": "",
          "type": "string"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "name": "totalSupply",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "address",
          "name": "to",
          "type": "address"
        },
        {
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "amount",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "name": "transfer",
      "outputs": [],
      "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
      "type": "function"
    }
  ];

async function main(){
    const contractAddress = "0xFb9f331194eE63630f3d2A7B76Aa1f9C94D18878";
    const provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider("http://localhost:7545/");

    //获取地址有多少ETH，获取当前区块高度
    const queryAddress = "0xF7A1938Fecc594aaF126d46fd173cE74A659ad9A";
    let ethBalance = await provider.getBalance(queryAddress);
    console.log("地址%s有%s个ETH", queryAddress, ethBalance);
    let blockNumber = await provider.getBlockNumber();
    console.log("当前链上区块高度%s", blockNumber);

    //调用合约方法
    //查询（调用合约的balanceOf方法）
    let tokenContract = await new ethers.Contract(contractAddress, contractABI, provider);
    let tokenBalance = await tokenContract.balanceOf(queryAddress);
    console.log("地址%s有%s个Token", queryAddress, tokenBalance);
    tokenBalance = await tokenContract.balanceOf("0x72BbA0fE9D0dA19b27705BCdDAb783BeED24bbDb");
    console.log("地址%s有%s个Token", "0x72BbA0fE9D0dA19b27705BCdDAb783BeED24bbDb", tokenBalance);
    //写(调用合约的transfer方法)
    let signer = await new ethers.Wallet("0x624cfb2cb9b9c3212abfa2800fd8de8e2501c84500336007f4459c50198c69f7", provider);
    let tokenContractConnected = await tokenContract.connect(signer);
    let txn = await tokenContractConnected.transfer("0x72BbA0fE9D0dA19b27705BCdDAb783BeED24bbDb", 100);

    //再次查询
    tokenBalance = await tokenContract.balanceOf(queryAddress);
    console.log("地址%s有%s个Token", queryAddress, tokenBalance);
    tokenBalance = await tokenContract.balanceOf("0x72BbA0fE9D0dA19b27705BCdDAb783BeED24bbDb");
    console.log("地址%s有%s个Token", "0x72BbA0fE9D0dA19b27705BCdDAb783BeED24bbDb", tokenBalance);
}

main()
.then(() => {
    process.exit(0);
})
.catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
});