[STL]set/multiset用法详解[自从VS2010开始,set的iterator类型自动就是const的引用类型]
集合
Set、multiset都是集合类,差别在与set中不允许有重复元素,multiset中允许有重复元素。

sets和multiset内部以平衡二叉树实现

1. 常用函数
1) 构造函数和析构函数
set c:创建空集合,不包含任何元素
set c(op):以op为排序准则,产生一个空的set
set c1(c2):复制c2中的元素到c1中
set c(const value_type *first, const value_type* last):复制[first, last)之间元素构成新集合
set c(const value_type *first, const value_type* last,op):以op为排序准则,复制[first, last)之间元素构成新集合。
c.~set()销毁所有元素,释放内存
multiset mc:创建空集合,不包含任何元素
multiset mc(op):以op为排序准则,产生一个空的set
multiset c1(c2):复制c2中的元素到c1中
multiset c(const value_type *first, const value_type* last):复制[first, last)之间元素构成新集合
multiset c(const value_type *first, const value_type* last,op):以op为排序准则,复制[first, last)之间元素构成新集合。
c.~set()销毁所有元素,释放内存
- // constructing sets
 - #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - bool fncomp (int lhs, int rhs) {return lhs<rhs;}
 - struct classcomp {
 - bool operator() (const int& lhs, const int& rhs) const
 - {return lhs<rhs;}
 - };
 - int main ()
 - {
 - std::set<int> first; // empty set of ints
 - int myints[]= {10,20,30,40,50};
 - std::set<int> second (myints,myints+5); // range
 - std::set<int> third (second); // a copy of second
 - std::set<int> fourth (second.begin(), second.end()); // iterator ctor.
 - std::set<int,classcomp> fifth; // class as Compare
 - bool(*fn_pt)(int,int) = fncomp;
 - std::set<int,bool(*)(int,int)> sixth (fn_pt); // function pointer as Compare
 - return 0;
 - }
 
2) 大小、判断空函数
    int size() const:返回容器元素个数
    bool empty() const:判断容器是否为空,若返回true,表明容器已空
3)        增加、删除函数
pair<iterator,bool> insert( x):插入元素x
iterator insert(iterator it,x):在迭代器it处插入元素x
void insert(const value_type *first,const value_type *last):插入[first, last)之间元素
iterator erase(iterator it):删除迭代器指针it处元素
iterator erase(iterator first,iterator last):删除[first, last)之间元素
size_type erase(const Key& key):删除元素值等于key的元素
- #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - int main ()
 - {
 - std::set<int> myset;
 - std::set<int>::iterator it;
 - std::pair<std::set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;
 - // set some initial values:
 - for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) myset.insert(i*10); // set: 10 20 30 40 50
 - ret = myset.insert(20); // no new element inserted
 - if (ret.second==false) it=ret.first; // "it" now points to element 20
 - myset.insert (it,25); // max efficiency inserting
 - myset.insert (it,24); // max efficiency inserting
 - myset.insert (it,26); // no max efficiency inserting
 - int myints[]= {5,10,15}; // 10 already in set, not inserted
 - myset.insert (myints,myints+3);
 - std::cout << "myset contains:";
 - for (it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
 - std::cout << ' ' << *it;
 - std::cout << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 
- #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - int main ()
 - {
 - std::set<int> myset;
 - std::set<int>::iterator it;
 - // insert some values:
 - for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
 - it = myset.begin();
 - ++it; // "it" points now to 20
 - myset.erase (it);
 - myset.erase (40);
 - it = myset.find (60);
 - myset.erase (it, myset.end());
 - std::cout << "myset contains:";
 - for (it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
 - std::cout << ' ' << *it;
 - std::cout << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 
4) 遍历函数
iterator begin():返回首元素的迭代器指针
    iterator end():返回尾元素的迭代器指针
    reverse_iterator rbegin():返回尾元素的逆向迭代器指针
    reverse_iterator rend():返回首元素前一个位置的迭代器指针
- #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - int main ()
 - {
 - int myints[] = {75,23,65,42,13};
 - std::set<int> myset (myints,myints+5);
 - std::cout << "myset contains:";
 - for (std::set<int>::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
 - std::cout << ' ' << *it;
 - std::cout << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 
5) 操作函数
const_iterator lower_bound(const Key& key):返回容器中大于等于key的迭代器指针
const_iterator upper_bound(const Key& key):返回容器中大于key的迭代器指针
    int count(const Key& key) const:返回容器中元素等于key的元素的个数
    pair<const_iterator,const_iterator> equal_range(const Key& key) const:返回容器中元素值等于key的迭代指针[first, last)
    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const:查找功能,返回元素值等于key的迭代器指针
    void swap(set& s):交换集合元素
    void swap(multiset& s):交换多集合元素  
- #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - int main ()
 - {
 - std::set<int> myset;
 - std::set<int>::iterator itlow,itup;
 - for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
 - itlow=myset.lower_bound (30); // ^
 - itup=myset.upper_bound (60); // ^
 - myset.erase(itlow,itup); // 10 20 70 80 90
 - std::cout << "myset contains:";
 - for (std::set<int>::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
 - std::cout << ' ' << *it;
 - std::cout << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 
- #include "stdafx.h"
 - #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - using namespace std;
 - int main ()
 - {
 - set<int> myset;
 - for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // myset: 10 20 30 40 50
 - pair<set<int>::const_iterator,set<int>::const_iterator> ret;
 - ret = myset.equal_range(30);
 - cout << "the lower bound points to: " << *ret.first << '\n';
 - cout << "the upper bound points to: " << *ret.second << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 
- #include "stdafx.h"
 - #include <iostream>
 - #include <set>
 - using namespace std;
 - int main ()
 - {
 - int myints[]={12,75,10,32,20,25};
 - set<int> first (myints,myints+3); // 10,12,75
 - set<int> second (myints+3,myints+6); // 20,25,32
 - first.swap(second);
 - cout << "first contains:";
 - for (set<int>::iterator it=first.begin(); it!=first.end(); ++it)
 - cout << ' ' << *it;
 - cout << '\n';
 - cout << "second contains:";
 - for (set<int>::iterator it=second.begin(); it!=second.end(); ++it)
 - cout << ' ' << *it;
 - cout << '\n';
 - return 0;
 - }
 - 
自从VS2010开始,set的iterator类型自动就是const的引用类型,因此当set保存的是类类型时,对iterator解引用无法调用类的非const成员。
解决方法为:
- //item是一个类,bool isEnd()是Item的一个成员
 - for (set<Item>::iterator i = ItemSet.begin(); i != ItemSet.end(); i++)
 - {
 - const Item &item1 = const_cast<Item&>(*i);
 - Item &item2 = const_cast<Item&>(item1);
 - if (item2.isEnd())
 - {//do something}
 
const_cast:(转自百度百科)用法:const_cast<type_id> (expression)该运算符用来修改类型的const或volatile属性。除了const 或volatile修饰之外, type_id和expression的类型是一样的。一、常量指针被转化成非常量的指针,并且仍然指向原来的对象;二、常量引用被转换成非常量的引用,并且仍然指向原来的对象;为什么要设置为const reference?
The iterator should give you a const reference (and that's what the Standard says it should do), because changing the thing referred to would destroy the validity of the set's underlying data structure - the set doesn't "know" that the field you are changing is not actually part of the key. The alternatives are to make changes by removing and re-adding, or to use a std::map instead.
因为改变引用指向的对象会破坏set隐藏的数据结构的正确性。
 
                    
                
                
            
        
浙公网安备 33010602011771号