oracle 由AL32UTF8字符集修改为ZHS16GBK

首先查看服务端字符集

select * from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET'

NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK

然后用sys用户进行修改

#sqlplus "/as sysdba"

>shutdown immediate;
>startup mount;
>ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;
>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
>alter database character set ZHS16GBK;

ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
RROR at line 1:

结果报错，提示新字符集必须是老字符集的超集。

于是强制转换

>ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

>shutdown immediate;

>STARTUP;

问题解决。