实验1
任务1
程序源代码
点击查看代码
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
void test1();
void test2();
void test3();
int main(){
std::cout<<"测试1:\n";
test1();
std::cout<<"\n测试2:\n";
test2();
std::cout<<"\n测试3:\n";
test3();
}
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c){
for(auto &i:c)
std::cout<<i<<'';
std::cout<<'\n';
}
void test1(){
using namespace std;
string s0{"0123456789"} ;
cout<<"s0="<<s0<<endl;
string s1(s0);
reverse(s1.begin(),s1.end());
cout<<"s1="<<s1<<endl;
string s2(s0.size(),' ');
reverse_copy(s0.begin(),s0.end(),s2.begin());
cout<<"s2="<<s2<<endl;
}
void test2(){
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{2,0,4,9};
cout<<"v0:";output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
reverse(v1.begin(),v1.end());
cout<<"v1=";output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
reverse_copy(v0.begin(),v0.end(),v2.begin());
cout<<"v2:";output(v2);
}
void test3() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
vector<int> v3{v0};
rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
cout << "v3: "; output(v3);
vector<int> v4{v0};
rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
cout << "v4: "; output(v4);
}
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回答问题
问题1:reverse是原地反转,原来容器内的数据改变了,但是reverse_copy原来容器内的数据不变,反转后的数据拷贝到新的位置。
问题2:retate函数是把元素序列分成AB两端,三个参数分别是整个序列的起始迭代器,新序列也就是B段第一个元素对应的迭代器,末尾迭代器,把B段挪到前面,A段移到后面。
任务2
程序源代码
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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
int generate_random_number();
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::srand(std::time(0));
std::cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
}
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i: c)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
int generate_random_number() {
return std::rand() % 101;
}
void test1() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1);
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
void test2() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
auto min_iter = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
auto max_iter = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *min_iter << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *max_iter << endl;
auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0.0) / v0.size();
cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
sort(v0.begin(), v0.end());
double avg2 = accumulate(v0.begin()+1, v0.end()-1, 0.0) / (v0.size()-2);
cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}
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回答问题
问题1:遍历区间内的每一个元素,对区间内每一个位置,执行一次生成函数,将结果写入当前元素。
问题2:分开来写要遍历两次,minmax_element只需要遍历一次,效率更高。
问题3:效果等同。
任务3
程序源代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
unsigned char func(unsigned char c);
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::cout << "测试1: 字符串大小写转换\n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: 字符变换\n";
test2();
}
unsigned char func(unsigned char c) {
if(c == 'z')
return 'a';
if(c == 'Z')
return 'A';
if(std::isalpha(c))
return static_cast<unsigned char>(c+1);
return c;
}
void test1() {
std::string s1{"Hello World 2049!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2;
for(auto c: s1)
s2 += std::tolower(c);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
std::string s3;
for(auto c: s1)
s3 += std::toupper(c);
std::cout << "s3 = " << s3 << '\n';
}
void test2() {
std::string s1{"I love cosmos!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2(s1.size(), ' ');
std::transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
s2.begin(),
func);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
}
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回答问题
问题1:对输入字符做变换规则,字母循环后移一位,大小写不变。
问题2:std::tolower(c):把字母转为小写,不是字母则一般不变,std::toupper(c):把字母转为大写,不是字母则一般不变。
问题3:第一个是原容器的起始迭代器,第二个是原容器的末尾迭代器,第三个是目标容器起始迭代器,用来存放转换后的结果,第四个是s1中每一个元素执行这个函数,结果写到目标位置。
修改后结果还是存在s1,那么原来的数据就被覆盖了。
任务4
程序源代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s);
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s);
int main() {
using namespace std;
string s;
while(cin >> s) {
cout << boolalpha
<< "区分大小写: " << is_palindrome(s) << "\n"
<< "不区分大小写: " << is_palindrome_ignore_case(s) << "\n\n";
}
}
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s){
int left=0;
int right=s.size()-1;
while(left<right){
if(s[left]!=s[right]){
return false;
}
left++;
right--;
}
return true;
}
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s){
int left=0;
int right=s.size()-1;
while(left<right){
char c1=std::tolower(s[left]);
char c2=std::tolower(s[right]);
if(c1!=c2){
return false;
}
left++;
right--;
}
return true;
}
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回答问题
可以改用getline(cin,s),读取整行。
任务5
程序源代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);
int main() {
int x;
while(std::cin >> x) {
std::cout << "十进制: " << x << '\n'
<< "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << '\n'
<< "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << '\n'
<< "十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 12) << '\n'
<< "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << '\n'
<< "三十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 32) << "\n\n";
}
}
// 函数dec2n定义
// 待补足
// ×××
std::string dec2n(int x,int n){
if(x==0){
return "0";
}
std::string table="0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
std::string res;
while(x>0){
int t=x%n;
res+=table[t];
x=x/n;
}
std::reverse(res.begin(),res.end());
return res;
}
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任务6
程序源代码
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main(){
vector<char>base={'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
cout<<" a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z\n";
for(int k=1;k<=26;k++){
vector<char>cur=base;
rotate(cur.begin(),cur.begin()+k,cur.end());
if(k<10){
cout<<" "<<k;
}
else{
cout<<k;
}
for(char ch:cur) {
cout<<" "<<ch;
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
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任务7
程序源代码
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
int generate_random_number(){
return rand()%10+1;
}
int main(){
srand((unsigned int)time(0));
int right=0;
int a,b;
char op;
int ans,user;
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
int opCode=rand()%4;
a=generate_random_number();
b=generate_random_number();
switch(opCode){
case 0:
op='+';
ans=a+b;
break;
case 1:
op='-';
if(a<b){
int t=a;
a=b;
b=t;
}
ans=a-b;
break;
case 2:
op='*';
ans=a*b;
break;
case 3:
op='/';
while(a%b!=0){
a=generate_random_number();
b=generate_random_number();
}
ans=a/b;
break;
}
cout<<a<<" "<<op<<" "<<b<<"=";
cin>>user;
if(user==ans){
right++;
}
}
double rate=right/10.0*100;
cout<<"正确率: "<<fixed<<rate<<"%"<<endl;
return 0;
}
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