20191305李天琦实验四 Python综合实践
课程:《Python程序设计》
班级: 1913
姓名: 李天琦
学号:20191305
实验教师:王志强
实验日期:2021年6月28日
必修/选修: 选修
一、实验内容
Python综合应用:爬虫、数据处理、可视化、机器学习、神经网络、游戏、网络安全等
二、实验过程
1.安装pygame
在VS cdoe的应用商店搜索pygame,安装即可
2.实现游戏俄罗斯方块
import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import blocks
SIZE = 30 # 每个小方格大小
BLOCK_HEIGHT = 25 # 游戏区高度
BLOCK_WIDTH = 10 # 游戏区宽度
BORDER_WIDTH = 4 # 游戏区边框宽度
BORDER_COLOR = (40, 40, 200) # 游戏区边框颜色
SCREEN_WIDTH = SIZE * (BLOCK_WIDTH + 5) # 游戏屏幕的宽
SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * BLOCK_HEIGHT # 游戏屏幕的高
BG_COLOR = (70, 60, 20) # 背景色
BLOCK_COLOR = (200, 19, 26) #
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (210, 30, 30) # GAME OVER 的字体颜色
def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)):
imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor)
screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('俄罗斯方块')
font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 24) # 黑体24
font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 72) # GAME OVER 的字体
font_pos_x = BLOCK_WIDTH * SIZE + BORDER_WIDTH + 10 # 右侧信息显示区域字体位置的X坐标
gameover_size = font2.size('GAME OVER')
font1_height = int(font1.size('得分')[1])
cur_block = None # 当前下落方块
next_block = None # 下一个方块
cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = 0, 0
game_area = None # 整个游戏区域
game_over = True
start = False # 是否开始,当start = True,game_over = True 时,才显示 GAME OVER
score = 0 # 得分
orispeed = 0.5 # 原始速度
speed = orispeed # 当前速度
pause = False # 暂停
last_drop_time = None # 上次下落时间
last_press_time = None # 上次按键时间
def _dock():
nonlocal cur_block, next_block, game_area, cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y, game_over, score, speed
for _i in range(cur_block.start_pos.Y, cur_block.end_pos.Y + 1):
for _j in range(cur_block.start_pos.X, cur_block.end_pos.X + 1):
if cur_block.template[_i][_j] != '.':
game_area[cur_pos_y + _i][cur_pos_x + _j] = '0'
if cur_pos_y + cur_block.start_pos.Y <= 0:
game_over = True
else:
# 计算消除
remove_idxs = []
for _i in range(cur_block.start_pos.Y, cur_block.end_pos.Y + 1):
if all(_x == '0' for _x in game_area[cur_pos_y + _i]):
remove_idxs.append(cur_pos_y + _i)
if remove_idxs:
# 计算得分
remove_count = len(remove_idxs)
if remove_count == 1:
score += 100
elif remove_count == 2:
score += 300
elif remove_count == 3:
score += 700
elif remove_count == 4:
score += 1500
speed = orispeed - 0.03 * (score // 10000)
# 消除
_i = _j = remove_idxs[-1]
while _i >= 0:
while _j in remove_idxs:
_j -= 1
if _j < 0:
game_area[_i] = ['.'] * BLOCK_WIDTH
else:
game_area[_i] = game_area[_j]
_i -= 1
_j -= 1
cur_block = next_block
next_block = blocks.get_block()
cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = (BLOCK_WIDTH - cur_block.end_pos.X - 1) // 2, -1 - cur_block.end_pos.Y
def _judge(pos_x, pos_y, block):
nonlocal game_area
for _i in range(block.start_pos.Y, block.end_pos.Y + 1):
if pos_y + block.end_pos.Y >= BLOCK_HEIGHT:
return False
for _j in range(block.start_pos.X, block.end_pos.X + 1):
if pos_y + _i >= 0 and block.template[_i][_j] != '.' and game_area[pos_y + _i][pos_x + _j] != '.':
return False
return True
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_RETURN:
if game_over:
start = True
game_over = False
score = 0
last_drop_time = time.time()
last_press_time = time.time()
game_area = [['.'] * BLOCK_WIDTH for _ in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)]
cur_block = blocks.get_block()
next_block = blocks.get_block()
cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = (BLOCK_WIDTH - cur_block.end_pos.X - 1) // 2, -1 - cur_block.end_pos.Y
elif event.key == K_SPACE:
if not game_over:
pause = not pause
elif event.key in (K_w, K_UP):
# 旋转
# 其实记得不是很清楚了,比如
# .0.
# .00
# ..0
# 这个在最右边靠边的情况下是否可以旋转,我试完了网上的俄罗斯方块,是不能旋转的,这里我们就按不能旋转来做
# 我们在形状设计的时候做了很多的空白,这样只需要规定整个形状包括空白部分全部在游戏区域内时才可以旋转
if 0 <= cur_pos_x <= BLOCK_WIDTH - len(cur_block.template[0]):
_next_block = blocks.get_next_block(cur_block)
if _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y, _next_block):
cur_block = _next_block
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
if not game_over and not pause:
if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1:
last_press_time = time.time()
if cur_pos_x > - cur_block.start_pos.X:
if _judge(cur_pos_x - 1, cur_pos_y, cur_block):
cur_pos_x -= 1
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
if not game_over and not pause:
if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1:
last_press_time = time.time()
# 不能移除右边框
if cur_pos_x + cur_block.end_pos.X + 1 < BLOCK_WIDTH:
if _judge(cur_pos_x + 1, cur_pos_y, cur_block):
cur_pos_x += 1
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
if not game_over and not pause:
if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1:
last_press_time = time.time()
if not _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y + 1, cur_block):
_dock()
else:
last_drop_time = time.time()
cur_pos_y += 1
_draw_background(screen)
_draw_game_area(screen, game_area)
_draw_gridlines(screen)
_draw_info(screen, font1, font_pos_x, font1_height, score)
# 画显示信息中的下一个方块
_draw_block(screen, next_block, font_pos_x, 30 + (font1_height + 6) * 5, 0, 0)
if not game_over:
cur_drop_time = time.time()
if cur_drop_time - last_drop_time > speed:
if not pause:
# 不应该在下落的时候来判断到底没,我们玩俄罗斯方块的时候,方块落到底的瞬间是可以进行左右移动
if not _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y + 1, cur_block):
_dock()
else:
last_drop_time = cur_drop_time
cur_pos_y += 1
else:
if start:
print_text(screen, font2,
(SCREEN_WIDTH - gameover_size[0]) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - gameover_size[1]) // 2,
'GAME OVER', RED)
# 画当前下落方块
_draw_block(screen, cur_block, 0, 0, cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y)
pygame.display.flip()
# 画背景
def _draw_background(screen):
# 填充背景色
screen.fill(BG_COLOR)
# 画游戏区域分隔线
pygame.draw.line(screen, BORDER_COLOR,
(SIZE * BLOCK_WIDTH + BORDER_WIDTH // 2, 0),
(SIZE * BLOCK_WIDTH + BORDER_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT), BORDER_WIDTH)
# 画网格线
def _draw_gridlines(screen):
# 画网格线 竖线
for x in range(BLOCK_WIDTH):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (x * SIZE, 0), (x * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT), 1)
# 画网格线 横线
for y in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (0, y * SIZE), (BLOCK_WIDTH * SIZE, y * SIZE), 1)
# 画已经落下的方块
def _draw_game_area(screen, game_area):
if game_area:
for i, row in enumerate(game_area):
for j, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell != '.':
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLOCK_COLOR, (j * SIZE, i * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)
# 画单个方块
def _draw_block(screen, block, offset_x, offset_y, pos_x, pos_y):
if block:
for i in range(block.start_pos.Y, block.end_pos.Y + 1):
for j in range(block.start_pos.X, block.end_pos.X + 1):
if block.template[i][j] != '.':
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLOCK_COLOR,
(offset_x + (pos_x + j) * SIZE, offset_y + (pos_y + i) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)
# 画得分等信息
def _draw_info(screen, font, pos_x, font_height, score):
print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 10, f'得分: ')
print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 10 + font_height + 6, f'{score}')
print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 20 + (font_height + 6) * 2, f'速度: ')
print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 20 + (font_height + 6) * 3, f'{score // 10000}')
print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 30 + (font_height + 6) * 4, f'下一个:')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3.游戏截图
main.py · 20191305李天琦/pythonProject2 - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)
三、实验心得与总结
这门课程让我的自我学习能力有了很大的提升。个人认为,知识海洋浩瀚,“上课”是完全无法解决问题的。学生所需要的正是学习的兴趣与自我探索的能力。这门课程在这两方面有一个比较好的作用。
- 通过学习这门课程,我懂得了许多,有如何从掌握问题,从问题出发做出可以解决问题的程序:
- 在程序中面临的问题通常用非形式的语言描述,或者直接来自于实际生活。其表述可能会不准确、不完全,甚至有错误。这就需要我们通过深入分析,把问题严格化。
- 明白了清晰的需求之后,我们需要设计好整个处理过程。
- 设法落实实现中各主要处理工作的算法,必须要考虑算法的性质与情况。
- 实现程序,即为编码,通过试验运行确认程序能完成所需的工作。
- 评价和改进程序。