Windows 平台的路由表配置
Windows 平台的路由表配置
原文链接 http://littlenewton.uk/2021/08/network-how-to-set-route-table-on-windows/
命令参考 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/nettcpip/?view=windowsserver2019-ps
######################
# 查看网卡的名称和序号
Get-NetAdapter | select Name, ifIndex
# 查看指定网卡的IP地址信息
Get-NetIPConfiguration -InterfaceIndex 27 -Detailed
Get-NetIPConfiguration -InterfaceIndex 40 -Detailed
# 查看当前系统的IPv4路由信息
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4
# 删除指定路由
Remove-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 110.42.96.64/32 -NextHop 192.168.11.1
# 添加新的指定路由
New-NetRoute -InterfaceIndex 40 -DestinationPrefix 110.42.96.64/32 -NextHop 192.168.11.1 -RouteMetric 11
# 查看指定路由
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object -filterScript {$_.DestinationPrefix -eq '110.42.96.64/32'}
# 修改指定路由的 RouteMetric 优先级
Set-NetRoute -InterfaceIndex 27 -DestinationPrefix 0.0.0.0/0 -NextHop 192.168.3.1 -RouteMetric 6
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object -filterScript {$_.DestinationPrefix -eq '0.0.0.0/0'}
# 检查域名解析结果
Resolve-DnsName -Name "www.google.com"
nslookup.exe www.google.com
######################
查看物理网卡信息
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo
Name Segment Bus Device Function Slot NumaNode PcieLinkSpeed PcieLinkWidth Version
---- ------- --- ------ -------- ---- -------- ------------- ------------- -------
以太网 5 0 2 2 0 34 5.0 GT/s 32 1.0
以太网 6 0 2 3 0 35 5.0 GT/s 32 1.0
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
查看网卡的名称和序号
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetAdapter | select Name, ifIndex
Name ifIndex
---- -------
以太网 5 40
本地连接 39
以太网 6 27
以太网 3 25
以太网 4 9
cfw-tap 7
以太网 2 5
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
查看指定网卡的IP地址信息
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetIPConfiguration -InterfaceIndex 27 -Detailed ComputerName : LENOVO-VM InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceDescription : vmxnet3 以太网适配器 #2 NetCompartment.CompartmentId : 1 NetCompartment.CompartmentDescription : Default Compartment NetAdapter.LinkLayerAddress : 00-0C-29-97-50-9E NetAdapter.Status : Up NetProfile.Name : 网络 2 NetProfile.NetworkCategory : Public NetProfile.IPv6Connectivity : NoTraffic NetProfile.IPv4Connectivity : Internet IPv6LinkLocalAddress : fe80::70ed:aa83:fb12:faa2%27 IPv4Address : 192.168.3.191 IPv6DefaultGateway : IPv4DefaultGateway : 192.168.3.1 NetIPv6Interface.NlMTU : 1500 NetIPv4Interface.NlMTU : 1500 NetIPv6Interface.DHCP : Enabled NetIPv4Interface.DHCP : Enabled DNSServer : PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
设置指定网卡的主要IP地址
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.3.191 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.3.1 -InterfaceIndex 27 -SkipAsSource $false IPAddress : 192.168.3.191 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 AddressFamily : IPv4 Type : Unicast PrefixLength : 24 PrefixOrigin : Manual SuffixOrigin : Manual AddressState : Tentative ValidLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) PreferredLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) SkipAsSource : False PolicyStore : ActiveStore IPAddress : 192.168.3.191 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 AddressFamily : IPv4 Type : Unicast PrefixLength : 24 PrefixOrigin : Manual SuffixOrigin : Manual AddressState : Invalid ValidLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) PreferredLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) SkipAsSource : False PolicyStore : PersistentStore PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
设置指定网卡的别名IP地址
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.9.191 -PrefixLength 24 -InterfaceIndex 27 -SkipAsSource $true IPAddress : 192.168.9.191 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 AddressFamily : IPv4 Type : Unicast PrefixLength : 24 PrefixOrigin : Manual SuffixOrigin : Manual AddressState : Tentative ValidLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) PreferredLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) SkipAsSource : True PolicyStore : ActiveStore IPAddress : 192.168.9.191 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 AddressFamily : IPv4 Type : Unicast PrefixLength : 24 PrefixOrigin : Manual SuffixOrigin : Manual AddressState : Invalid ValidLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) PreferredLifetime : Infinite ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) SkipAsSource : True PolicyStore : PersistentStore PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
删除指定网卡的IP地址
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Remove-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.9.191 -PrefixLength 24 确认 是否确实要执行此操作? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetIPAddress -IPv4Address 192.168.9.102 -InterfaceIndex 27 -Store Active" [Y] 是(Y) [A] 全是(A) [N] 否(N) [L] 全否(L) [S] 暂停(S) [?] 帮助 (默认值为“Y”): A PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
查看指定网卡的IP地址
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetIPConfiguration -InterfaceIndex 27 -Detailed ComputerName : LENOVO-VM InterfaceAlias : 以太网 6 InterfaceIndex : 27 InterfaceDescription : vmxnet3 以太网适配器 #2 NetCompartment.CompartmentId : 1 NetCompartment.CompartmentDescription : Default Compartment NetAdapter.LinkLayerAddress : 00-0C-29-97-50-9E NetAdapter.Status : Up NetProfile.Name : 网络 2 NetProfile.NetworkCategory : Public NetProfile.IPv6Connectivity : NoTraffic NetProfile.IPv4Connectivity : Internet IPv6LinkLocalAddress : fe80::70ed:aa83:fb12:faa2%27 IPv4Address : 192.168.3.191 IPv6DefaultGateway : IPv4DefaultGateway : 192.168.3.1 NetIPv6Interface.NlMTU : 1500 NetIPv4Interface.NlMTU : 1500 NetIPv6Interface.DHCP : Enabled NetIPv4Interface.DHCP : Disabled DNSServer : PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
查看当前系统的IPv4路由信息
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4
ifIndex DestinationPrefix NextHop RouteMetric ifMetric PolicyStore
------- ----------------- ------- ----------- -------- -----------
27 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
40 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 15 ActiveStore
7 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 1 ActiveStore
25 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 35 ActiveStore
5 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 55 ActiveStore
1 255.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 75 ActiveStore
27 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
40 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 15 ActiveStore
7 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 1 ActiveStore
25 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 35 ActiveStore
5 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 55 ActiveStore
1 224.0.0.0/4 0.0.0.0 256 75 ActiveStore
40 192.168.11.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 15 ActiveStore
40 192.168.11.191/32 0.0.0.0 256 15 ActiveStore
40 192.168.11.0/24 0.0.0.0 256 15 ActiveStore
27 192.168.9.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
27 192.168.9.191/32 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
27 192.168.9.0/24 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
27 192.168.3.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
27 192.168.3.191/32 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
27 192.168.3.0/24 0.0.0.0 256 16 ActiveStore
1 127.255.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 256 75 ActiveStore
1 127.0.0.1/32 0.0.0.0 256 75 ActiveStore
1 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 256 75 ActiveStore
40 110.42.96.64/32 192.168.11.1 11 15 ActiveStore
27 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.3.1 6 16 ActiveStore
40 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.11.1 15 15 ActiveStore
7 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.0.0 1 1 ActiveStore
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
添加新的指定路由条目和查看指定路由以及删除指定路由
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> New-NetRoute -InterfaceIndex 40 -DestinationPrefix 110.42.96.64/32 -NextHop 192.168.11.1 -RouteMetric 11 ifIndex DestinationPrefix NextHop RouteMetric ifMetric PolicyStore ------- ----------------- ------- ----------- -------- ----------- 40 110.42.96.64/32 192.168.11.1 11 15 ActiveStore 40 110.42.96.64/32 192.168.11.1 11 15 Persiste... PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object -filterScript {$_.DestinationPrefix -eq '110.42.96.64/32'} ifIndex DestinationPrefix NextHop RouteMetric ifMetric PolicyStore ------- ----------------- ------- ----------- -------- ----------- 40 110.42.96.64/32 192.168.11.1 11 15 ActiveStore PS C:\Users\Lenovo> PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Remove-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 110.42.96.64/32 -NextHop 192.168.11.1 确认 是否确实要执行此操作? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 110.42.96.64/32 -InterfaceIndex 40 -NextHop 192.168.11.1 -Store Active" [Y] 是(Y) [A] 全是(A) [N] 否(N) [L] 全否(L) [S] 暂停(S) [?] 帮助 (默认值为“Y”): A PS C:\Users\Lenovo> PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
修改指定路由的 RouteMetric 优先级
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Set-NetRoute -InterfaceIndex 27 -DestinationPrefix 0.0.0.0/0 -NextHop 192.168.3.1 -RouteMetric 6
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object -filterScript {$_.DestinationPrefix -eq '0.0.0.0/0'}
ifIndex DestinationPrefix NextHop RouteMetric ifMetric PolicyStore
------- ----------------- ------- ----------- -------- -----------
27 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.3.1 6 16 ActiveStore
40 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.11.1 15 15 ActiveStore
7 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.0.0 1 1 ActiveStore
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object -filterScript {$_.NextHop -eq '192.168.3.1'}
ifIndex DestinationPrefix NextHop RouteMetric ifMetric PolicyStore
------- ----------------- ------- ----------- -------- -----------
27 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.3.1 6 16 ActiveStore
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
查看当前设置的DNS服务器
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-DnsClientServerAddress
InterfaceAlias Interface Address ServerAddresses
Index Family
-------------- --------- ------- ---------------
cfw-tap 7 IPv4 {}
cfw-tap 7 IPv6 {}
以太网 5 40 IPv4 {}
以太网 5 40 IPv6 {}
以太网 6 27 IPv4 {}
以太网 6 27 IPv6 {}
以太网 3 25 IPv4 {}
以太网 3 25 IPv6 {}
以太网 2 5 IPv4 {}
以太网 2 5 IPv6 {}
Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1 1 IPv4 {}
Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1 1 IPv6 {}
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
设置指定接口的DNS服务器
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceIndex 27 -ServerAddresses ("223.5.5.5","119.29.29.29") PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Get-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceIndex 27 InterfaceAlias Interface Address ServerAddresses Index Family -------------- --------- ------- --------------- 以太网 6 27 IPv4 {} 以太网 6 27 IPv6 {} PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
检查域名解析结果
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Resolve-DnsName -Name "www.google.com" Name Type TTL Section IPAddress ---- ---- --- ------- --------- www.google.com AAAA 15 Answer 2001::1 www.google.com A 9 Answer 31.13.94.41 PS C:\Users\Lenovo> Resolve-DnsName -Name "www.binance.com" Name Type TTL Section IPAddress ---- ---- --- ------- --------- www.binance.com AAAA 3383 Answer 2001::c73b:95ce www.binance.com A 3383 Answer 45.114.11.25 PS C:\Users\Lenovo>
=========== End
浙公网安备 33010602011771号