Python3列表(list)比较操作教程

一、相等比较

1.1 同顺序列表比较

顺序相同直接用“==”进行比较即可

list1 = ["one","two","three"]
list2 = ["one","two","three"]
list1 == list2

 

2.1 不同顺序列表进行比较

“==”只有成员、成员位置都相同时才返回True,但有时候我们希望只要成员相同、即使成员位置不同也能返回True。

 

2.1.1 使用列表sort()方法进行排序后比较

列表本身有sort()内置方法,可对自身成员进行排序;注意sort()方法对自身造成改变。

list1 = ["one","two","three"]
list2 = ["one","three","two"]
list1.sort() == list2.sort()
print(list1)

 

2.1.2 使用sorted()方法进行排序后比较

上一小节介绍的sort()方法会对列表成员进行重排,但有时候我们并不希望列表本身被改动。

我们可以用一下变量将原先的列表保存起来,但更好的做法是使用sorted()方法,sorted()不改变列表原本顺序而是新生成一个排序后的列表并返回。

list1 = ["one","two","three"]
list2 = ["one","three","two"]
sorted(list1) == sorted(list2)
print(list1)
sorted(list1)

 

二、包含比较

直接用列表本身进行包含类比较,只能用遍历的方法这是比较麻烦的,使用set()转成集合进行包含比较就简单多了。

 

2.1 判断列表是否包含另一列表

list1 = ["one","two","three"]
list2 = ["one","three","two","four"]
set(list1).issubset(set(list2))
set(list2).issuperset(set(list1))

 

2.2 获取两个列表相同成员(交集)

list1 = ["one","two","three","five"]
list2 = ["one","three","two","four"]
set(list1).intersection(set(list2))

 

2.3 获取两个列表不同成员

list1 = ["one","two","three","five"]
list2 = ["one","three","two","four"]
set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))

 

2.4 获取一个列表中不是另一个列表成员的成员(差集)

list1 = ["one","two","three","five"]
list2 = ["one","three","two","four"]
set(list1).difference(set(list2))
set(list2).difference(set(list1))

 

2.5 获取两个列表所有成员(并集)

list1 = ["one","two","three","five"]
list2 = ["one","three","two","four"]
set(list1).union(set(list2))

 

参考:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9623114/check-if-two-unordered-lists-are-equal

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3847386/testing-if-a-list-contains-another-list-with-python

http://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-set.html

posted on 2019-01-16 11:43  诸子流  阅读(51198)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报