Microsoft Agent Framework一步步集成Agent Skills实战指南
Microsoft Agent Framework一步步集成Agent Skills实战指南
前言
大家好,今天我们来聊聊微软最新的AI Agent开发框架——Microsoft Agent Framework。作为一个技术人,我发现随着AI技术的快速发展,构建智能、可扩展的AI Agent变得越来越重要。Microsoft Agent Framework为开发者提供了强大的工具来构建和管理智能代理,而Skills作为Agent的核心能力单元,其集成方式直接决定了Agent的实用性和智能化程度。
本文将带你一步步学习如何在Microsoft Agent Framework中集成Agent Skills,从环境搭建到实战应用,让你快速掌握这一强大工具。
Microsoft Agent Framework概述
框架架构
Microsoft Agent Framework采用模块化设计,主要包含以下核心组件:
- **Agent Core** - Agent的核心引擎,负责协调所有组件
- **Skills Manager** - Skills管理器,负责Skills的注册、发现和执行
- **Memory System** - 记忆系统,支持短期和长期记忆
- **Orchestrator** - 任务编排器,协调多个Skills的协同工作
- **Communication Layer** - 通信层,支持多种通信协议
核心特性
- **多语言支持**:原生支持C#和Python
- **可扩展架构**:易于添加新的Skills和组件
- **内置工具集**:提供丰富的预构建Skills
- **企业级特性**:支持安全、监控、日志等企业需求
- **云原生**:天然支持Azure云服务集成
环境准备
1. 安装依赖
使用NuGet安装Microsoft Agent Framework
dotnet add package Microsoft.Agent.Framework
dotnet add package Microsoft.Agent.Skills
或者使用Python
pip install microsoft-agent-framework
pip install microsoft-agent-skills
2. 项目配置
<!-- .csproj文件配置 --> <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework> <Nullable>enable</Nullable> </PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Agent.Framework" Version="1.0.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Agent.Skills" Version="1.0.0" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
一步步集成Agent Skills
步骤1:创建基础Agent
using Microsoft.Agent.Framework; using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Agents;// 创建基础Agent public class MyFirstAgent : AgentBase { public MyFirstAgent(string name) : base(name) { // 初始化配置 Configure(options => { options.EnableMemory = true; options.MaxConcurrentTasks = 5; options.LogLevel = LogLevel.Information; }); }
protected override async Task OnInitializeAsync() { await base.OnInitializeAsync(); Console.WriteLine($"Agent '{Name}' initialized successfully."); } }
步骤2:定义Skill接口
using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Skills;// 定义Skill接口 public interface ICalculatorSkill : ISkill { Task<double> AddAsync(double a, double b); Task<double> MultiplyAsync(double a, double b); Task<double> DivideAsync(double a, double b); }
// Skill属性配置 [SkillMetadata( Name = "Calculator", Description = "提供基础数学计算功能", Version = "1.0.0", Author = "Your Name", Category = "Utilities" )] public class CalculatorSkill : SkillBase, ICalculatorSkill { public CalculatorSkill() : base("calculator") { }
public async Task<double> AddAsync(double a, double b) { LogInformation($"Calculating {a} + {b}"); return await Task.FromResult(a + b); }
public async Task<double> MultiplyAsync(double a, double b) { LogInformation($"Calculating {a} * {b}"); return await Task.FromResult(a * b); }
public async Task<double> DivideAsync(double a, double b) { if (Math.Abs(b) < double.Epsilon) throw new DivideByZeroException("Cannot divide by zero");
LogInformation($"Calculating {a} / {b}"); return await Task.FromResult(a / b); }
protected override Task OnInitializeAsync() { Console.WriteLine($"Skill '{Name}' initialized."); return Task.CompletedTask; } }
步骤3:注册和使用Skills
using Microsoft.Agent.Framework; using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Agents; using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Skills;class Program { static async Task Main(string[] args) { // 创建Agent实例 var agent = new MyFirstAgent("MathAssistant");
// 初始化Agent await agent.InitializeAsync();
// 创建并注册Calculator Skill var calculatorSkill = new CalculatorSkill(); await agent.RegisterSkillAsync(calculatorSkill);
// 创建并注册其他Skills var weatherSkill = new WeatherSkill(); var webSearchSkill = new WebSearchSkill();
await agent.RegisterSkillAsync(weatherSkill); await agent.RegisterSkillAsync(webSearchSkill);
// 使用Skill var result = await agent.ExecuteSkillAsync<double>( "calculator", "AddAsync", new { a = 10.5, b = 20.3 } );
Console.WriteLine($"计算结果: {result}");
// 列出所有注册的Skills var skills = await agent.GetRegisteredSkillsAsync(); Console.WriteLine($"已注册Skills: {string.Join(", ", skills.Select(s => s.Name))}"); } }
步骤4:实现复杂Skill - 天气查询
using System.Net.Http; using System.Text.Json; using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Skills;[SkillMetadata( Name = "Weather", Description = "查询城市天气信息", Version = "1.0.0", Author = "Your Name", Category = "Services" )] public class WeatherSkill : SkillBase { private readonly HttpClient _httpClient; private readonly string _apiKey;
public WeatherSkill() : base("weather") { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _apiKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("WEATHER_API_KEY") ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Weather API key not found"); }
[SkillFunction("获取城市天气")] public async Task<WeatherInfo> GetWeatherAsync(string city, string country = "CN") { try { LogInformation($"查询{city}的天气信息");
var url = $"https://api.weather.com/v1/{country}/{city}/current"; var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, url); request.Headers.Add("X-API-Key", _apiKey);
var response = await _httpClient.SendAsync(request); response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
var json = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); var weatherData = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<WeatherApiResponse>(json);
return new WeatherInfo { City = city, Country = country, Temperature = weatherData?.Temperature ?? 0, Humidity = weatherData?.Humidity ?? 0, Condition = weatherData?.Condition ?? "Unknown", LastUpdated = DateTime.UtcNow }; } catch (Exception ex) { LogError($"获取天气信息失败: {ex.Message}"); throw new SkillExecutionException($"无法获取{city}的天气信息", ex); } }
[SkillFunction("获取天气预报")] public async Task<WeatherForecast[]> GetForecastAsync(string city, int days = 3) { // 实现天气预报逻辑 return await Task.FromResult(new WeatherForecast[days]); }
protected override async Task OnInitializeAsync() { await base.OnInitializeAsync(); Console.WriteLine($"Weather Skill '{Name}' 初始化完成"); }
protected override async Task OnDisposeAsync() { _httpClient?.Dispose(); await base.OnDisposeAsync(); } }
// 数据模型 public class WeatherInfo { public string City { get; set; } public string Country { get; set; } public double Temperature { get; set; } public double Humidity { get; set; } public string Condition { get; set; } public DateTime LastUpdated { get; set; } }
public class WeatherApiResponse { public double Temperature { get; set; } public double Humidity { get; set; } public string Condition { get; set; } }
步骤5:Skill依赖管理
using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Skills;// 具有依赖关系的Skill [SkillMetadata( Name = "TravelAssistant", Description = "旅行助手,整合多个服务", Version = "1.0.0", Dependencies = new[] { "weather", "calculator", "maps" } )] public class TravelAssistantSkill : SkillBase { private readonly ISkill _weatherSkill; private readonly ISkill _calculatorSkill; private readonly ISkill _mapsSkill;
public TravelAssistantSkill( ISkill weatherSkill, ISkill calculatorSkill, ISkill mapsSkill) : base("travel-assistant") { _weatherSkill = weatherSkill ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(weatherSkill)); _calculatorSkill = calculatorSkill ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(calculatorSkill)); _mapsSkill = mapsSkill ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mapsSkill)); }
[SkillFunction("规划旅行")] public async Task<TravelPlan> PlanTravelAsync( string origin, string destination, DateTime travelDate) { LogInformation($"规划从{origin}到{destination}的旅行");
// 使用Weather Skill查询天气 var weatherInfo = await _weatherSkill.ExecuteAsync<WeatherInfo>( "GetWeatherAsync", new { city = destination } );
// 使用Maps Skill计算距离 var distance = await _mapsSkill.ExecuteAsync<double>( "CalculateDistance", new { from = origin, to = destination } );
// 使用Calculator Skill估算费用 var estimatedCost = await _calculatorSkill.ExecuteAsync<double>( "MultiplyAsync", new { a = distance, b = 0.5 } // 假设每公里0.5元 );
return new TravelPlan { Origin = origin, Destination = destination, TravelDate = travelDate, Weather = weatherInfo, Distance = distance, EstimatedCost = estimatedCost, CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow }; } }
public class TravelPlan { public string Origin { get; set; } public string Destination { get; set; } public DateTime TravelDate { get; set; } public WeatherInfo Weather { get; set; } public double Distance { get; set; } public double EstimatedCost { get; set; } public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; } }
步骤6:Skill配置管理
using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;// 可配置的Skill public class ConfigurableSkill : SkillBase { private readonly SkillConfiguration _configuration;
public ConfigurableSkill(IConfiguration configuration) : base("configurable") { _configuration = configuration.GetSection("Skills:Configurable") .Get<SkillConfiguration>() ?? new SkillConfiguration(); }
[SkillFunction("可配置操作")] public async Task<string> ExecuteConfigurableOperationAsync(string input) { var result = new StringBuilder();
if (_configuration.EnableLogging) { result.AppendLine($"[LOG] 开始处理: {input}"); }
// 执行核心逻辑 var processed = ProcessInput(input, _configuration.ProcessingMode); result.AppendLine(processed);
if (_configuration.EnableValidation) { var validationResult = ValidateResult(processed, _configuration.ValidationRules); result.AppendLine($"[VALIDATION] {validationResult}"); }
return await Task.FromResult(result.ToString()); }
private string ProcessInput(string input, ProcessingMode mode) { return mode switch { ProcessingMode.Uppercase => input.ToUpper(), ProcessingMode.Lowercase => input.ToLower(), ProcessingMode.Reverse => new string(input.Reverse().ToArray()), _ => input }; }
private string ValidateResult(string result, ValidationRules rules) { if (result.Length < rules.MinLength) return $"验证失败: 长度小于{rules.MinLength}";
if (result.Length > rules.MaxLength) return $"验证失败: 长度大于{rules.MaxLength}";
return "验证通过"; } }
public class SkillConfiguration { public bool EnableLogging { get; set; } = true; public bool EnableValidation { get; set; } = true; public ProcessingMode ProcessingMode { get; set; } = ProcessingMode.Uppercase; public ValidationRules ValidationRules { get; set; } = new(); }
public enum ProcessingMode { Uppercase, Lowercase, Reverse }
public class ValidationRules { public int MinLength { get; set; } = 1; public int MaxLength { get; set; } = 1000; }
高级集成技巧
1. Skill生命周期管理
public class LifecycleManagedSkill : SkillBase { private Timer _healthCheckTimer;public LifecycleManagedSkill() : base("lifecycle-managed") { }
protected override async Task OnInitializeAsync() { await base.OnInitializeAsync();
// 初始化定时健康检查 _healthCheckTimer = new Timer(HealthCheckCallback, null, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));
LogInformation("Skill初始化完成,健康检查已启动"); }
protected override async Task OnActivateAsync() { await base.OnActivateAsync(); LogInformation("Skill已激活"); }
protected override async Task OnDeactivateAsync() { await base.OnDeactivateAsync(); LogInformation("Skill已停用"); }
protected override async Task OnDisposeAsync() { _healthCheckTimer?.Dispose(); await base.OnDisposeAsync(); LogInformation("Skill资源已释放"); }
private void HealthCheckCallback(object state) { try { // 执行健康检查 LogDebug("执行健康检查..."); // 检查依赖服务状态等 } catch (Exception ex) { LogError($"健康检查失败: {ex.Message}"); } } }
2. Skill版本管理
[SkillMetadata( Name = "VersionedSkill", Description = "支持版本管理的Skill", Version = "2.1.0", MinFrameworkVersion = "1.2.0", MaxFrameworkVersion = "2.0.0" )] public class VersionedSkill : SkillBase { private readonly Dictionary<string, Func<object, Task<object>>> _versionedFunctions;public VersionedSkill() : base("versioned") { _versionedFunctions = new Dictionary<string, Func<object, Task<object>>> { ["1.0.0"] = async (input) => await ProcessV1Async(input), ["2.0.0"] = async (input) => await ProcessV2Async(input), ["2.1.0"] = async (input) => await ProcessV2_1Async(input) }; }
[SkillFunction("版本化处理", SupportedVersions = new[] { "1.0.0", "2.0.0", "2.1.0" })] public async Task<string> ProcessAsync(string input, string version = "2.1.0") { if (!_versionedFunctions.TryGetValue(version, out var processor)) { throw new SkillVersionException($"版本{version}不受支持"); }
var result = await processor(input); return result.ToString(); }
private async Task<object> ProcessV1Async(object input) { // V1版本处理逻辑 return await Task.FromResult($"V1: {input}"); }
private async Task<object> ProcessV2Async(object input) { // V2版本处理逻辑 return await Task.FromResult($"V2: {input}"); }
private async Task<object> ProcessV2_1Async(object input) { // V2.1版本处理逻辑 return await Task.FromResult($"V2.1: {input}"); } }
3. 异步Skill链
public class SkillChainOrchestrator { private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;public SkillChainOrchestrator(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) { _serviceProvider = serviceProvider; }
public async Task<TResult> ExecuteSkillChainAsync<TResult>( SkillChainDefinition chainDefinition, object initialInput) { var context = new SkillChainContext { Input = initialInput, Results = new Dictionary<string, object>(), CurrentStep = 0 };
foreach (var step in chainDefinition.Steps) { try { LogInformation($"执行Skill链步骤: {step.SkillName}.{step.FunctionName}");
var skill = _serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ISkill>(step.SkillName); var result = await skill.ExecuteAsync<object>( step.FunctionName, context.Input );
context.Results[step.Name] = result; context.Input = result; // 将结果作为下一步的输入 context.CurrentStep++; } catch (Exception ex) { if (step.IsRequired) { LogError($"必需步骤失败: {step.Name}, 错误: {ex.Message}"); throw new SkillChainException($"Skill链执行失败于步骤: {step.Name}", ex); } else { LogWarning($"可选步骤失败: {step.Name}, 继续执行后续步骤"); context.Results[step.Name] = null; } } }
return (TResult)context.Input; } }
public class SkillChainDefinition { public List<SkillChainStep> Steps { get; set; } = new(); }
public class SkillChainStep { public string Name { get; set; } public string SkillName { get; set; } public string FunctionName { get; set; } public bool IsRequired { get; set; } = true; public TimeSpan? Timeout { get; set; } }
public class SkillChainContext { public object Input { get; set; } public Dictionary<string, object> Results { get; set; } public int CurrentStep { get; set; } }
测试和调试
单元测试Skills
using Xunit; using Microsoft.Agent.Framework.Skills;public class CalculatorSkillTests { [Fact] public async Task AddAsync_ShouldReturnCorrectSum() { // 准备 var skill = new CalculatorSkill(); await skill.InitializeAsync();
// 执行 var result = await skill.AddAsync(10, 20);
// 断言 Assert.Equal(30, result); }
[Theory] [InlineData(10, 20, 30)] [InlineData(-5, 10, 5)] [InlineData(0, 0, 0)] public async Task AddAsync_WithVariousInputs_ShouldReturnCorrectResults( double a, double b, double expected) { // 准备 var skill = new CalculatorSkill(); await skill.InitializeAsync();
// 执行 var result = await skill.AddAsync(a, b);
// 断言 Assert.Equal(expected, result); }
[Fact] public async Task DivideAsync_WithZeroDivisor_ShouldThrowException() { // 准备 var skill = new CalculatorSkill(); await skill.InitializeAsync();
// 执行和断言 await Assert.ThrowsAsync<DivideByZeroException>( () => skill.DivideAsync(10, 0) ); } }
集成测试
public class AgentIntegrationTests : IAsyncLifetime { private MyFirstAgent _agent;public async Task InitializeAsync() { // 测试前初始化 _agent = new MyFirstAgent("TestAgent"); await _agent.InitializeAsync();
// 注册测试Skills await _agent.RegisterSkillAsync(new CalculatorSkill()); await _agent.RegisterSkillAsync(new WeatherSkill()); }
[Fact] public async Task Agent_WithMultipleSkills_ShouldExecuteCorrectly() { // 执行Skill链 var calculatorResult = await _agent.ExecuteSkillAsync<double>( "calculator", "MultiplyAsync", new { a = 5, b = 6 } );
Assert.Equal(30, calculatorResult);
// 验证Skill注册 var skills = await _agent.GetRegisteredSkillsAsync(); Assert.Contains(skills, s => s.Name == "calculator"); Assert.Contains(skills, s => s.Name == "weather"); }
[Fact] public async Task Agent_WithInvalidSkill_ShouldHandleGracefully() { // 尝试执行不存在的Skill var exception = await Record.ExceptionAsync( () => _agent.ExecuteSkillAsync<object>( "nonexistent", "SomeFunction", new { } ) );
Assert.NotNull(exception); Assert.IsType<SkillNotFoundException>(exception); }
public async Task DisposeAsync() { // 测试后清理 if (_agent != null) { await _agent.DisposeAsync(); } } }
部署和监控
1. 配置Skill部署
{
"Agent": {
"Name": "ProductionAgent",
"MaxConcurrentTasks": 10,
"MemorySize": "2GB"
},
"Skills": {
"Calculator": {
"Enabled": true,
"Version": "1.0.0",
"Configuration": {
"Precision": 6
}
},
"Weather": {
"Enabled": true,
"Version": "2.0.0",
"Configuration": {
"ApiKey": "${WEATHER_API_KEY}",
"CacheDuration": "00:30:00"
}
}
},
"Monitoring": {
"EnableMetrics": true,
"EnableLogging": true,
"LogLevel": "Information"
}
}
2. 性能监控
public class MonitoredSkill : SkillBase { private readonly IMetricsCollector _metricsCollector;public MonitoredSkill(IMetricsCollector metricsCollector) : base("monitored") { _metricsCollector = metricsCollector; }
[SkillFunction("监控的操作")] public async Task<string> MonitoredOperationAsync(string input) { var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew(); var operationId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
try { _metricsCollector.RecordOperationStart(operationId, Name, "MonitoredOperation");
// 执行实际操作 var result = await ExecuteCoreOperationAsync(input);
stopwatch.Stop();
_metricsCollector.RecordOperationSuccess( operationId, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds, result.Length );
return result; } catch (Exception ex) { stopwatch.Stop();
_metricsCollector.RecordOperationFailure( operationId, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds, ex );
throw; } }
private async Task<string> ExecuteCoreOperationAsync(string input) { // 模拟耗时操作 await Task.Delay(100); return $"处理后的: {input.ToUpper()}"; } }
最佳实践总结
1. Skill设计原则
- **单一职责**:每个Skill只做一件事,并做好
- **接口清晰**:定义明确的输入输出接口
- **错误处理**:完善的错误处理和恢复机制
- **可测试性**:易于单元测试和集成测试
- **文档完善**:提供完整的API文档和使用示例
2. 性能优化建议
- **异步设计**:所有操作都应该是异步的
- **资源管理**:及时释放非托管资源
- **缓存策略**:合理使用缓存减少重复计算
- **批量处理**:支持批量操作提高效率
- **连接池**:重用HTTP连接等资源
3. 安全考虑
- **输入验证**:严格验证所有输入参数
- **权限控制**:实现细粒度的访问控制
- **数据加密**:敏感数据传输和存储加密
- **审计日志**:记录所有重要操作
- **漏洞防护**:防止注入攻击等安全漏洞
4. 维护建议
- **版本管理**:清晰的版本控制和兼容性策略
- **配置外部化**:所有配置应该可外部配置
- **健康检查**:实现健康检查端点
- **监控告警**:集成监控和告警系统
- **文档更新**:保持文档与代码同步
结语
Microsoft Agent Framework为AI Agent开发提供了强大的基础设施,而Skills的灵活集成是其核心优势之一。通过本文的逐步指导,你应该已经掌握了:
- **基础Skill的创建和注册**
- **复杂Skill的实现和依赖管理**
- **Skill链的编排和执行**
- **测试、部署和监控的最佳实践**
随着AI技术的不断发展,Agent Skills将在更多场景中发挥重要作用。希望本文能帮助你在Microsoft Agent Framework的旅程中走得更远,构建出更智能、更实用的AI Agent应用。
记住,好的Skill设计不仅仅是功能的实现,更是对可维护性、可扩展性和可靠性的综合考虑。在实践中不断优化,你的Agent将会变得越来越强大!
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**作者**: 技术博主 **发布时间**: 2026-01-22 **标签**: Microsoft Agent Framework, AI Agent, Skills集成, C#, .NET, 人工智能, 开发实战
**注意事项**:
- 生产环境部署前请充分测试
- 注意API密钥和敏感信息的安全管理
- 关注框架的版本更新和最佳实践变化
- 根据实际需求调整配置和优化策略

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