三 .Django---framework框架 序列化视图三部曲
一 视图三部曲(序列化)
https://www.cnblogs.com/pythonywy/p/11491625.html drf框架中所有视图及用法
https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/9403382.html 视图和路由
https://www.cnblogs.com/pythonywy/p/11491625.html drf框架中所有视图及用法
https://www.cnblogs.com/pythonywy/p/11497730.html django-drf框架自带的路由以及最简化的视图
1. 使用混合（mixins）方式一
# Create your models here. from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=32) price=models.IntegerField() # pub_date=models.DateField(auto_now=True) publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE) # ForeignKey一对多 authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author") # ManyToManyField 多对多 def __str__(self): return self.title class Publish(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) age=models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .models import * from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse from django.core import serializers import json from rest_framework import serializers class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Book fields="__all__" #depth=1 class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" depth=1 class BookViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): book_list=Book.objects.all() bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): print(request.data) bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class BookDetailViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class PublishViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): publish_list=Publish.objects.all() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False) if bs.is_valid(): # print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors) class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view(), name="book_list"), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookDetailViewSet.as_view(), name="book_detail"), url(r'^publishers/$', views.PublishViewSet.as_view(), name="publish_list"), url(r'^publishers/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.PublishDetailViewSet.as_view(), name="publish_detail"),
2. mixin类编写视图(方式二)
model类 一样
from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics from .models import * from rest_framework import serializers from django.core import serializers import json class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) price = serializers.IntegerField() publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") # ForeignKey一对多 序列化 #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # ManyToManyField 多对多 序列化 def get_authors(self,obj): temp=[] for obj in obj.authors.all(): temp.append(obj.name) return temp class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
url类路径一样
3. 使用通用的基于类的视图 (方式三)
通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py
model类 url路径 一样
from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublshSerializers class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublshSerializers
from rest_framework import serializers from app01.models import * # 为queryset,model对象做序列化 class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() email = serializers.CharField() class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" # class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): # title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) # price = serializers.IntegerField() # pub_date = serializers.DateField() # publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") # #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_authors(self,obj): # temp=[] # for obj in obj.authors.all(): # temp.append(obj.name) # return temp ''' 序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程： temp=[] for obj in book_list: temp.append({ "title":obj.title, "price":obj.price, "pub_date":obj.pub_date, "publish":str(obj.publish), # obj.publish.name #"authors":obj.authors.all, "authors": get_authors(obj) }) ''' BookSerializers class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Book fields = "__all__" #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( view_name="detailpublish", lookup_field="publish_id", lookup_url_kwarg="pk", ) # authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_authors(self,obj): # temp=[] # for obj in obj.authors.all(): # temp.append(obj.name) # return temp def create(self, validated_data): print("validated_data",validated_data) book=Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data["price"],pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"],
publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"]) book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"]) return book class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Author fields = "__all__"
5. viewsets.ModelViewSet(方式四)
url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({ 'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy' }),name="book_detail"),
viwes
序列化
BookSerializers
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers
viwes.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from myapp.utils import TokenAut
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,] permission_classes = [] throttle_classes = []# 限制某个IP每分钟访问次数不能超过20次 queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
utils.py
from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication from .models import * class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self,request): token = request.GET.get("token") token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first() if not token_obj: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败123!") else: return token_obj.user.name,token_obj.token
url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),
序列化 class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Author fields = "__all__"
上面所有序列化 # by luffycity.com from rest_framework import serializers from app01.models import * # 为queryset,model对象做序列化 class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() email = serializers.CharField() class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" # class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): # title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) # price = serializers.IntegerField() # pub_date = serializers.DateField() # publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") # #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_authors(self,obj): # temp=[] # for obj in obj.authors.all(): # temp.append(obj.name) # return temp ''' 序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程： temp=[] for obj in book_list: temp.append({ "title":obj.title, "price":obj.price, "pub_date":obj.pub_date, "publish":str(obj.publish), # obj.publish.name #"authors":obj.authors.all, "authors": get_authors(obj) }) ''' class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Book fields = "__all__" #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( view_name="detailpublish", lookup_field="publish_id", lookup_url_kwarg="pk", ) # authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_authors(self,obj): # temp=[] # for obj in obj.authors.all(): # temp.append(obj.name) # return temp def create(self, validated_data): print("validated_data",validated_data) book=Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data["price"],pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"],publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"]) book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"]) return book class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Author fields = "__all__"
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