Java多线程技术-Volatile关键字解析

分析volatile关键字可以从这三个方面分析,什么是程序的原子性,什么是程序的可见性,什么是程序的有序性

什么是程序的原子性

以下语句那些是原子操作?

public class ThreadCounter implements Runnable {
      private int count = 0;
      @Override
      public void run() {
            ++count;
//          count++;
      }
      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            ThreadCounter thread = new ThreadCounter();
            for(int i = 0; i< 10000; i++){
                  new Thread(thread).start();
            }
            Thread.sleep(1000);//确保线程执行完
            System.out.println(thread.count);
      }
}
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演示结果:语句一和二是非原子操作,语句三和四是原子操作 

执行指令:javap -s -c ThreadCounter
run方法的指令码(count++):
 
count++这行代码分成了4个指令来执行,在多线程的情况下会不一致。

 解决方法:

public class ThreadCounter implements Runnable {
      private int count = 0;
      @Override
      public void run() {
            synchronized (this) {
                  ++count;
            //    count++;
            }
      }
      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            ThreadCounter thread = new ThreadCounter();
            for(int i = 0; i< 10000; i++){
                  new Thread(thread).start();
            }
            Thread.sleep(1000);//确保线程执行完
            System.out.println(thread.count);
      }
}
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什么是程序的可见性?

 

public class VolatileExample {
      boolean v =false;
      
      private void write(){
            v =true;
      }
      
      private void read(){
            while(!v){
            }
            System.out.println("程序结束!");
      }
      
      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            final VolatileExample example = new VolatileExample();
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{example.read();});
            thread1.start();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{example.write();});
            thread2.start();
      }
}
View Code
演示结果:
    程序没有结束,read方法中的v没有因write方法的修改而退出循环!
解决方法:为变量v添加volatile关键字
public class VolatileExample {
      volatile boolean v =false;
      
      private void write(){
            v =true;
      }
      
      private void read(){
            while(!v){
            }
            System.out.println("程序结束!");
      }
      
      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            final VolatileExample example = new VolatileExample();
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{example.read();});
            thread1.start();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{example.write();});
            thread2.start();
      }
}
View Code

什么是程序的有序性?

 

Volatile应用场景

 1. 状态标记量 
 
public class ThreadTest {
      private volatile boolean isContinue = false;
      
      private class HandleThread extends Thread {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                  while (isContinue) {
                        // do something
                  }
            };
      }
}
View Code

2. double check 

 

 

总结:

volatile在可见性和有序性可以起到作用,但是不能保证原子性,是一种弱同步。

synchronized可以保证原子性,可见性,一致性,是一种强同步。

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

posted @ 2018-01-17 09:28  Mr.years  阅读(274)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报