HashMap与Hashtable
面试经常问到的问题，Hashtable和HashMap分别是啥，有啥区别。
一、HashMap
1、什么是Hash表
在讨论哈希表之前，我们先大概了解下其他数据结构在新增，查找等基础操作执行性能
数组：采用一段连续的存储单元来存储数据。对于指定下标的查找，时间复杂度为O(1)；通过给定值进行查找，需要遍历数组，逐一比对给定关键字和数组元素，时间复杂度为O(n)，当然，对于有序数组，则可采用二分查找，插值查找，斐波那契查找等方式，可将查找复杂度提高为O(logn)；对于一般的插入删除操作，涉及到数组元素的移动，其平均复杂度也为O(n)
线性链表：对于链表的新增，删除等操作（在找到指定操作位置后），仅需处理结点间的引用即可，时间复杂度为O(1)，而查找操作需要遍历链表逐一进行比对，复杂度为O(n)
二叉树：对一棵相对平衡的有序二叉树，对其进行插入，查找，删除等操作，平均复杂度均为O(logn)。
哈希表：相比上述几种数据结构，在哈希表中进行添加，删除，查找等操作，性能十分之高，不考虑哈希冲突的情况下（后面会探讨下哈希冲突的情况），仅需一次定位即可完成，时间复杂度为O(1)，接下来我们就来看看哈希表是如何实现达到惊艳的常数阶O(1)的。
我们知道，数据结构的物理存储结构只有两种：顺序存储结构和链式存储结构（像栈，队列，树，图等是从逻辑结构去抽象的，映射到内存中，也这两种物理组织形式），而在上面我们提到过，在数组中根据下标查找某个元素，一次定位就可以达到，哈希表利用了这种特性，哈希表的主干就是数组。
比如我们要新增或查找某个元素，我们通过把当前元素的关键字 通过某个函数映射到数组中的某个位置，通过数组下标一次定位就可完成操作。
这个函数可以简单描述为：存储位置 = f(关键字) ，这个函数f一般称为哈希函数，这个函数的设计好坏会直接影响到哈希表的优劣。举个例子，比如我们要在哈希表中执行插入操作：
插入过程如下：
查找操作同理，先通过哈希函数计算出实际存储地址，然后从数组中对应地址取出即可。
哈希冲突
然而万事无完美，如果两个不同的元素，通过哈希函数得出的实际存储地址相同怎么办？也就是说，当我们对某个元素进行哈希运算，得到一个存储地址，然后要进行插入的时候，发现已经被其他元素占用了，其实这就是所谓的哈希冲突，也叫哈希碰撞。前面我们提到过，哈希函数的设计至关重要，好的哈希函数会尽可能地保证 计算简单和散列地址分布均匀,但是，我们需要清楚的是，数组是一块连续的固定长度的内存空间，再好的哈希函数也不能保证得到的存储地址绝对不发生冲突。那么哈希冲突如何解决呢？哈希冲突的解决方案有多种:开放定址法（发生冲突，继续寻找下一块未被占用的存储地址），再散列函数法，链地址法，而HashMap即是采用了链地址法，也就是数组+链表的方式。
二、HashMap的实现原理
HashMap的主干是一个Entry数组。Entry是HashMap的基本组成单元，每一个Entry包含一个key-value键值对。（其实所谓Map其实就是保存了两个对象之间的映射关系的一种集合）
Entry是HashMap中的接口。代码如下：
interface Entry<K,V> {
/**
* Returns the key corresponding to this entry.
*
* @return the key corresponding to this entry
* @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
* required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
* removed from the backing map.
*/
K getKey();
/**
* Returns the value corresponding to this entry. If the mapping
* has been removed from the backing map (by the iterator's
* <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of this call are undefined.
*
* @return the value corresponding to this entry
* @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
* required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
* removed from the backing map.
*/
V getValue();
/**
* Replaces the value corresponding to this entry with the specified
* value (optional operation). (Writes through to the map.) The
* behavior of this call is undefined if the mapping has already been
* removed from the map (by the iterator's <tt>remove</tt> operation).
*
* @param value new value to be stored in this entry
* @return old value corresponding to the entry
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>put</tt> operation
* is not supported by the backing map
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified value
* prevents it from being stored in the backing map
* @throws NullPointerException if the backing map does not permit
* null values, and the specified value is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this value
* prevents it from being stored in the backing map
* @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
* required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
* removed from the backing map.
*/
V setValue(V value);
/**
* Compares the specified object with this entry for equality.
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if the given object is also a map entry and
* the two entries represent the same mapping. More formally, two
* entries <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt> represent the same mapping
* if<pre>
* (e1.getKey()==null ?
* e2.getKey()==null : e1.getKey().equals(e2.getKey())) &&
* (e1.getValue()==null ?
* e2.getValue()==null : e1.getValue().equals(e2.getValue()))
* </pre>
* This ensures that the <tt>equals</tt> method works properly across
* different implementations of the <tt>Map.Entry</tt> interface.
*
* @param o object to be compared for equality with this map entry
* @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this map
* entry
*/
boolean equals(Object o);
/**
* Returns the hash code value for this map entry. The hash code
* of a map entry <tt>e</tt> is defined to be: <pre>
* (e.getKey()==null ? 0 : e.getKey().hashCode()) ^
* (e.getValue()==null ? 0 : e.getValue().hashCode())
* </pre>
* This ensures that <tt>e1.equals(e2)</tt> implies that
* <tt>e1.hashCode()==e2.hashCode()</tt> for any two Entries
* <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt>, as required by the general
* contract of <tt>Object.hashCode</tt>.
*
* @return the hash code value for this map entry
* @see Object#hashCode()
* @see Object#equals(Object)
* @see #equals(Object)
*/
int hashCode();
/**
* Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on key.
*
* <p>The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
* NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with a null key.
*
* @param <K> the {@link Comparable} type of then map keys
* @param <V> the type of the map values
* @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on key.
* @see Comparable
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByKey() {
return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> c1.getKey().compareTo(c2.getKey());
}
/**
* Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on value.
*
* <p>The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
* NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with null values.
*
* @param <K> the type of the map keys
* @param <V> the {@link Comparable} type of the map values
* @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on value.
* @see Comparable
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByValue() {
return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> c1.getValue().compareTo(c2.getValue());
}
/**
* Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by key using the given
* {@link Comparator}.
*
* <p>The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
* is also serializable.
*
* @param <K> the type of the map keys
* @param <V> the type of the map values
* @param cmp the key {@link Comparator}
* @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by the key.
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByKey(Comparator<? super K> cmp) {
Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getKey(), c2.getKey());
}
/**
* Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by value using the given
* {@link Comparator}.
*
* <p>The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
* is also serializable.
*
* @param <K> the type of the map keys
* @param <V> the type of the map values
* @param cmp the value {@link Comparator}
* @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by the value.
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByValue(Comparator<? super V> cmp) {
Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getValue(), c2.getValue());
}
}
// Comparison and hashing
/**
* Compares the specified object with this map for equality. Returns
* <tt>true</tt> if the given object is also a map and the two maps
* represent the same mappings. More formally, two maps <tt>m1</tt> and
* <tt>m2</tt> represent the same mappings if
* <tt>m1.entrySet().equals(m2.entrySet())</tt>. This ensures that the
* <tt>equals</tt> method works properly across different implementations
* of the <tt>Map</tt> interface.
*
* @param o object to be compared for equality with this map
* @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this map
*/
boolean equals(Object o);
/**
* Returns the hash code value for this map. The hash code of a map is
* defined to be the sum of the hash codes of each entry in the map's
* <tt>entrySet()</tt> view. This ensures that <tt>m1.equals(m2)</tt>
* implies that <tt>m1.hashCode()==m2.hashCode()</tt> for any two maps
* <tt>m1</tt> and <tt>m2</tt>, as required by the general contract of
* {@link Object#hashCode}.
*
* @return the hash code value for this map
* @see Map.Entry#hashCode()
* @see Object#equals(Object)
* @see #equals(Object)
*/
int hashCode();
// Defaultable methods
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
* {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @param defaultValue the default mapping of the key
* @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
* {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key
* @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
* this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
* does not permit null keys
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
V v;
return (((v = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key))
? v
: defaultValue;
}
/**
* Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries
* have been processed or the action throws an exception. Unless
* otherwise specified by the implementing class, actions are performed in
* the order of entry set iteration (if an iteration order is specified.)
* Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
* <pre> {@code
* for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet())
* action.accept(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
* }</pre>
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each entry
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
* removed during iteration
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
K k;
V v;
try {
k = entry.getKey();
v = entry.getValue();
} catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
// this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
}
action.accept(k, v);
}
}
/**
* Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given
* function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the
* function throws an exception. Exceptions thrown by the function are
* relayed to the caller.
*
* @implSpec
* <p>The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
* <pre> {@code
* for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet())
* entry.setValue(function.apply(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param function the function to apply to each entry
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code set} operation
* is not supported by this map's entry set iterator.
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of a replacement value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified function is null, or the
* specified replacement value is null, and this map does not permit null
* values
* @throws ClassCastException if a replacement value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if function or a replacement value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a replacement value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
* removed during iteration
* @since 1.8
*/
default void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
Objects.requireNonNull(function);
for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
K k;
V v;
try {
k = entry.getKey();
v = entry.getValue();
} catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
// this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
}
// ise thrown from function is not a cme.
v = function.apply(k, v);
try {
entry.setValue(v);
} catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
// this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
}
}
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value (or is mapped
* to {@code null}) associates it with the given value and returns
* {@code null}, else returns the current value.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code
* map}:
*
* <pre> {@code
* V v = map.get(key);
* if (v == null)
* v = map.put(key, value);
*
* return v;
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
* (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated {@code null} with the key,
* if the implementation supports null values.)
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
V v = get(key);
if (v == null) {
v = put(key, value);
}
return v;
}
/**
* Removes the entry for the specified key only if it is currently
* mapped to the specified value.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* <pre> {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), value)) {
* map.remove(key);
* return true;
* } else
* return false;
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param value value expected to be associated with the specified key
* @return {@code true} if the value was removed
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
Object curValue = get(key);
if (!Objects.equals(curValue, value) ||
(curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
return false;
}
remove(key);
return true;
}
/**
* Replaces the entry for the specified key only if currently
* mapped to the specified value.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* <pre> {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), value)) {
* map.put(key, newValue);
* return true;
* } else
* return false;
* }</pre>
*
* The default implementation does not throw NullPointerException
* for maps that do not support null values if oldValue is null unless
* newValue is also null.
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param oldValue value expected to be associated with the specified key
* @param newValue value to be associated with the specified key
* @return {@code true} if the value was replaced
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of a specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if a specified key or newValue is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* @throws NullPointerException if oldValue is null and this map does not
* permit null values
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* @since 1.8
*/
default boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Object curValue = get(key);
if (!Objects.equals(curValue, oldValue) ||
(curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
return false;
}
put(key, newValue);
return true;
}
/**
* Replaces the entry for the specified key only if it is
* currently mapped to some value.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* <pre> {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key)) {
* return map.put(key, value);
* } else
* return null;
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
* (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated {@code null} with the key,
* if the implementation supports null values.)
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* @since 1.8
*/
default V replace(K key, V value) {
V curValue;
if (((curValue = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key)) {
curValue = put(key, value);
}
return curValue;
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value (or is mapped
* to {@code null}), attempts to compute its value using the given mapping
* function and enters it into this map unless {@code null}.
*
* <p>If the function returns {@code null} no mapping is recorded. If
* the function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the
* exception is rethrown, and no mapping is recorded. The most
* common usage is to construct a new object serving as an initial
* mapped value or memoized result, as in:
*
* <pre> {@code
* map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new Value(f(k)));
* }</pre>
*
* <p>Or to implement a multi-value map, {@code Map<K,Collection<V>>},
* supporting multiple values per key:
*
* <pre> {@code
* map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new HashSet<V>()).add(v);
* }</pre>
*
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to the following steps for this
* {@code map}, then returning the current value or {@code null} if now
* absent:
*
* <pre> {@code
* if (map.get(key) == null) {
* V newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key);
* if (newValue != null)
* map.put(key, newValue);
* }
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
* the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the mappingFunction
* is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
V v;
if ((v = get(key)) == null) {
V newValue;
if ((newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
put(key, newValue);
return newValue;
}
}
return v;
}
/**
* If the value for the specified key is present and non-null, attempts to
* compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped value.
*
* <p>If the function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed. If the
* function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the exception is
* rethrown, and the current mapping is left unchanged.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
* steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
* {@code null} if now absent:
*
* <pre> {@code
* if (map.get(key) != null) {
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
* if (newValue != null)
* map.put(key, newValue);
* else
* map.remove(key);
* }
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V computeIfPresent(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue;
if ((oldValue = get(key)) != null) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue != null) {
put(key, newValue);
return newValue;
} else {
remove(key);
return null;
}
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its current
* mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current mapping). For
* example, to either create or append a {@code String} msg to a value
* mapping:
*
* <pre> {@code
* map.compute(key, (k, v) -> (v == null) ? msg : v.concat(msg))}</pre>
* (Method {@link #merge merge()} is often simpler to use for such purposes.)
*
* <p>If the function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed (or
* remains absent if initially absent). If the function itself throws an
* (unchecked) exception, the exception is rethrown, and the current mapping
* is left unchanged.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
* steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
* {@code null} if absent:
*
* <pre> {@code
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
* if (oldValue != null ) {
* if (newValue != null)
* map.put(key, newValue);
* else
* map.remove(key);
* } else {
* if (newValue != null)
* map.put(key, newValue);
* else
* return null;
* }
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V compute(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue = get(key);
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue == null) {
// delete mapping
if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {
// something to remove
remove(key);
return null;
} else {
// nothing to do. Leave things as they were.
return null;
}
} else {
// add or replace old mapping
put(key, newValue);
return newValue;
}
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value or is
* associated with null, associates it with the given non-null value.
* Otherwise, replaces the associated value with the results of the given
* remapping function, or removes if the result is {@code null}. This
* method may be of use when combining multiple mapped values for a key.
* For example, to either create or append a {@code String msg} to a
* value mapping:
*
* <pre> {@code
* map.merge(key, msg, String::concat)
* }</pre>
*
* <p>If the function returns {@code null} the mapping is removed. If the
* function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the exception is
* rethrown, and the current mapping is left unchanged.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
* steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
* {@code null} if absent:
*
* <pre> {@code
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
* remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
* if (newValue == null)
* map.remove(key);
* else
* map.put(key, newValue);
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present.
*
* @param key key with which the resulting value is to be associated
* @param value the non-null value to be merged with the existing value
* associated with the key or, if no existing value or a null value
* is associated with the key, to be associated with the key
* @param remappingFunction the function to recompute a value if present
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if no
* value is associated with the key
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (<a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
* does not support null keys or the value or remappingFunction is
* null
* @since 1.8
*/
default V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
V oldValue = get(key);
V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
if(newValue == null) {
remove(key);
} else {
put(key, newValue);
}
return newValue;
}
}
所以，HashMap的总体结构如下：
简单来说，HashMap由数组+链表组成的，数组是HashMap的主体，链表则是主要为了解决哈希冲突而存在的，如果定位到的数组位置不含链表（当前entry的next指向null）,那么查找，添加等操作很快，仅需一次寻址即可；如果定位到的数组包含链表，对于添加操作，其时间复杂度为O(n)，首先遍历链表，存在即覆盖，否则新增；对于查找操作来讲，仍需遍历链表，然后通过key对象的equals方法逐一比对查找。所以，性能考虑，HashMap中的链表出现越少，性能才会越好。
hashMap中具体方法
/*
* Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package java.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;
/**
* Hash table based implementation of the <tt>Map</tt> interface. This
* implementation provides all of the optional map operations, and permits
* <tt>null</tt> values and the <tt>null</tt> key. (The <tt>HashMap</tt>
* class is roughly equivalent to <tt>Hashtable</tt>, except that it is
* unsynchronized and permits nulls.) This class makes no guarantees as to
* the order of the map; in particular, it does not guarantee that the order
* will remain constant over time.
*
* <p>This implementation provides constant-time performance for the basic
* operations (<tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>), assuming the hash function
* disperses the elements properly among the buckets. Iteration over
* collection views requires time proportional to the "capacity" of the
* <tt>HashMap</tt> instance (the number of buckets) plus its size (the number
* of key-value mappings). Thus, it's very important not to set the initial
* capacity too high (or the load factor too low) if iteration performance is
* important.
*
* <p>An instance of <tt>HashMap</tt> has two parameters that affect its
* performance: <i>initial capacity</i> and <i>load factor</i>. The
* <i>capacity</i> is the number of buckets in the hash table, and the initial
* capacity is simply the capacity at the time the hash table is created. The
* <i>load factor</i> is a measure of how full the hash table is allowed to
* get before its capacity is automatically increased. When the number of
* entries in the hash table exceeds the product of the load factor and the
* current capacity, the hash table is <i>rehashed</i> (that is, internal data
* structures are rebuilt) so that the hash table has approximately twice the
* number of buckets.
*
* <p>As a general rule, the default load factor (.75) offers a good
* tradeoff between time and space costs. Higher values decrease the
* space overhead but increase the lookup cost (reflected in most of
* the operations of the <tt>HashMap</tt> class, including
* <tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>). The expected number of entries in
* the map and its load factor should be taken into account when
* setting its initial capacity, so as to minimize the number of
* rehash operations. If the initial capacity is greater than the
* maximum number of entries divided by the load factor, no rehash
* operations will ever occur.
*
* <p>If many mappings are to be stored in a <tt>HashMap</tt>
* instance, creating it with a sufficiently large capacity will allow
* the mappings to be stored more efficiently than letting it perform
* automatic rehashing as needed to grow the table. Note that using
* many keys with the same {@code hashCode()} is a sure way to slow
* down performance of any hash table. To ameliorate impact, when keys
* are {@link Comparable}, this class may use comparison order among
* keys to help break ties.
*
* <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
* If multiple threads access a hash map concurrently, and at least one of
* the threads modifies the map structurally, it <i>must</i> be
* synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation
* that adds or deletes one or more mappings; merely changing the value
* associated with a key that an instance already contains is not a
* structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by
* synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
*
* If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
* {@link Collections#synchronizedMap Collections.synchronizedMap}
* method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
* unsynchronized access to the map:<pre>
* Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(...));</pre>
*
* <p>The iterators returned by all of this class's "collection view methods"
* are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
* the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
* <tt>remove</tt> method, the iterator will throw a
* {@link ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of concurrent
* modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
* arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the
* future.
*
* <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
* as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
* presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
* throw <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> on a best-effort basis.
* Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
* exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
* should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
*
* <p>This class is a member of the
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
* Java Collections Framework</a>.
*
* @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
* @param <V> the type of mapped values
*
* @author Doug Lea
* @author Josh Bloch
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @author Neal Gafter
* @see Object#hashCode()
* @see Collection
* @see Map
* @see TreeMap
* @see Hashtable
* @since 1.2
*/
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
/*
* Implementation notes.
*
* This map usually acts as a binned (bucketed) hash table, but
* when bins get too large, they are transformed into bins of
* TreeNodes, each structured similarly to those in
* java.util.TreeMap. Most methods try to use normal bins, but
* relay to TreeNode methods when applicable (simply by checking
* instanceof a node). Bins of TreeNodes may be traversed and
* used like any others, but additionally support faster lookup
* when overpopulated. However, since the vast majority of bins in
* normal use are not overpopulated, checking for existence of
* tree bins may be delayed in the course of table methods.
*
* Tree bins (i.e., bins whose elements are all TreeNodes) are
* ordered primarily by hashCode, but in the case of ties, if two
* elements are of the same "class C implements Comparable<C>",
* type then their compareTo method is used for ordering. (We
* conservatively check generic types via reflection to validate
* this -- see method comparableClassFor). The added complexity
* of tree bins is worthwhile in providing worst-case O(log n)
* operations when keys either have distinct hashes or are
* orderable, Thus, performance degrades gracefully under
* accidental or malicious usages in which hashCode() methods
* return values that are poorly distributed, as well as those in
* which many keys share a hashCode, so long as they are also
* Comparable. (If neither of these apply, we may waste about a
* factor of two in time and space compared to taking no
* precautions. But the only known cases stem from poor user
* programming practices that are already so slow that this makes
* little difference.)
*
* Because TreeNodes are about twice the size of regular nodes, we
* use them only when bins contain enough nodes to warrant use
* (see TREEIFY_THRESHOLD). And when they become too small (due to
* removal or resizing) they are converted back to plain bins. In
* usages with well-distributed user hashCodes, tree bins are
* rarely used. Ideally, under random hashCodes, the frequency of
* nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
* (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a
* parameter of about 0.5 on average for the default resizing
* threshold of 0.75, although with a large variance because of
* resizing granularity. Ignoring variance, the expected
* occurrences of list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) /
* factorial(k)). The first values are:
*
* 0: 0.60653066
* 1: 0.30326533
* 2: 0.07581633
* 3: 0.01263606
* 4: 0.00157952
* 5: 0.00015795
* 6: 0.00001316
* 7: 0.00000094
* 8: 0.00000006
* more: less than 1 in ten million
*
* The root of a tree bin is normally its first node. However,
* sometimes (currently only upon Iterator.remove), the root might
* be elsewhere, but can be recovered following parent links
* (method TreeNode.root()).
*
* All applicable internal methods accept a hash code as an
* argument (as normally supplied from a public method), allowing
* them to call each other without recomputing user hashCodes.
* Most internal methods also accept a "tab" argument, that is
* normally the current table, but may be a new or old one when
* resizing or converting.
*
* When bin lists are treeified, split, or untreeified, we keep
* them in the same relative access/traversal order (i.e., field
* Node.next) to better preserve locality, and to slightly
* simplify handling of splits and traversals that invoke
* iterator.remove. When using comparators on insertion, to keep a
* total ordering (or as close as is required here) across
* rebalancings, we compare classes and identityHashCodes as
* tie-breakers.
*
* The use and transitions among plain vs tree modes is
* complicated by the existence of subclass LinkedHashMap. See
* below for hook methods defined to be invoked upon insertion,
* removal and access that allow LinkedHashMap internals to
* otherwise remain independent of these mechanics. (This also
* requires that a map instance be passed to some utility methods
* that may create new nodes.)
*
* The concurrent-programming-like SSA-based coding style helps
* avoid aliasing errors amid all of the twisty pointer operations.
*/
/**
* The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
*/
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
/**
* The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
* by either of the constructors with arguments.
* MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
*/
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
/**
* The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
*/
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
/**
* The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
* bin. Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
* bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
* than 2 and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
* tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
* shrinkage.
*/
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
/**
* The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
* resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
* most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
*/
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
/**
* The smallest table capacity for which bins may be treeified.
* (Otherwise the table is resized if too many nodes in a bin.)
* Should be at least 4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD to avoid conflicts
* between resizing and treeification thresholds.
*/
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
/**
* Basic hash bin node, used for most entries. (See below for
* TreeNode subclass, and in LinkedHashMap for its Entry subclass.)
*/
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
/* ---------------- Static utilities -------------- */
/**
* Computes key.hashCode() and spreads (XORs) higher bits of hash
* to lower. Because the table uses power-of-two masking, sets of
* hashes that vary only in bits above the current mask will
* always collide. (Among known examples are sets of Float keys
* holding consecutive whole numbers in small tables.) So we
* apply a transform that spreads the impact of higher bits
* downward. There is a tradeoff between speed, utility, and
* quality of bit-spreading. Because many common sets of hashes
* are already reasonably distributed (so don't benefit from
* spreading), and because we use trees to handle large sets of
* collisions in bins, we just XOR some shifted bits in the
* cheapest possible way to reduce systematic lossage, as well as
* to incorporate impact of the highest bits that would otherwise
* never be used in index calculations because of table bounds.
*/
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
/**
* Returns x's Class if it is of the form "class C implements
* Comparable<C>", else null.
*/
static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
if (x instanceof Comparable) {
Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
return c;
if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
Comparable.class) &&
(as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
return c;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Returns k.compareTo(x) if x matches kc (k's screened comparable
* class), else 0.
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable
static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) {
return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 :
((Comparable)k).compareTo(x));
}
/**
* Returns a power of two size for the given target capacity.
*/
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
int n = cap - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
/* ---------------- Fields -------------- */
/**
* The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
* necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
* (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
* bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
*/
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
/**
* Holds cached entrySet(). Note that AbstractMap fields are used
* for keySet() and values().
*/
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
/**
* The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
*/
transient int size;
/**
* The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
* Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
* the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
* rehash). This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
* the HashMap fail-fast. (See ConcurrentModificationException).
*/
transient int modCount;
/**
* The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
*
* @serial
*/
// (The javadoc description is true upon serialization.
// Additionally, if the table array has not been allocated, this
// field holds the initial array capacity, or zero signifying
// DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY.)
int threshold;
/**
* The load factor for the hash table.
*
* @serial
*/
final float loadFactor;
/* ---------------- Public operations -------------- */
/**
* Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
* capacity and load factor.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity
* @param loadFactor the load factor
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
* or the load factor is nonpositive
*/
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
/**
* Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
* capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
*/
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
/**
* Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
* (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
*/
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
/**
* Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
* specified <tt>Map</tt>. The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
* default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
* hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
*
* @param m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
*/
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
/**
* Implements Map.putAll and Map constructor.
*
* @param m the map
* @param evict false when initially constructing this map, else
* true (relayed to method afterNodeInsertion).
*/
final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
int s = m.size();
if (s > 0) {
if (table == null) { // pre-size
float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
if (t > threshold)
threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
}
else if (s > threshold)
resize();
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
*
* @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
*/
public int size() {
return size;
}
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
* or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
* key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
* it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
* indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
* possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
* The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
* distinguish these two cases.
*
* @see #put(Object, Object)
*/
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
/**
* Implements Map.get and related methods.
*
* @param hash hash for key
* @param key the key
* @return the node, or null if none
*/
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
* specified key.
*
* @param key The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
* key.
*/
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getNode(hash(key), key) != null;
}
/**
* Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
* If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
* value is replaced.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
* <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
* (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
*/
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
/**
* Implements Map.put and related methods.
*
* @param hash hash for key
* @param key the key
* @param value the value to put
* @param onlyIfAbsent if true, don't change existing value
* @param evict if false, the table is in creation mode.
* @return previous value, or null if none
*/
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
/**
* Initializes or doubles table size. If null, allocates in
* accord with initial capacity target held in field threshold.
* Otherwise, because we are using power-of-two expansion, the
* elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move
* with a power of two offset in the new table.
*
* @return the table
*/
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
else { // preserve order
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
/**
* Replaces all linked nodes in bin at index for given hash unless
* table is too small, in which case resizes instead.
*/
final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
resize();
else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
do {
TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else {
p.prev = tl;
tl.next = p;
}
tl = p;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
hd.treeify(tab);
}
}
/**
* Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
* These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for
* any of the keys currently in the specified map.
*
* @param m mappings to be stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
*/
public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
putMapEntries(m, true);
}
/**
* Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
*
* @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
* @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
* <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
* (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
*/
public V remove(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
null : e.value;
}
/**
* Implements Map.remove and related methods.
*
* @param hash hash for key
* @param key the key
* @param value the value to match if matchValue, else ignored
* @param matchValue if true only remove if value is equal
* @param movable if false do not move other nodes while removing
* @return the node, or null if none
*/
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
if (p instanceof TreeNode)
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
if (node instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
else if (node == p)
tab[index] = node.next;
else
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Removes all of the mappings from this map.
* The map will be empty after this call returns.
*/
public void clear() {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
modCount++;
if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
size = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i)
tab[i] = null;
}
}
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
* specified value.
*
* @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
* specified value
*/
public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; V v;
if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if ((v = e.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
* while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
* the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of
* the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal,
* which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
* <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
* <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
* operations. It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt>
* operations.
*
* @return a set view of the keys contained in this map
*/
public Set<K> keySet() {
Set<K> ks = keySet;
if (ks == null) {
ks = new KeySet();
keySet = ks;
}
return ks;
}
final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
public final int size() { return size; }
public final void clear() { HashMap.this.clear(); }
public final Iterator<K> iterator() { return new KeyIterator(); }
public final boolean contains(Object o) { return containsKey(o); }
public final boolean remove(Object key) {
return removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true) != null;
}
public final Spliterator<K> spliterator() {
return new KeySpliterator<>(HashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
}
public final void forEach(Consumer<? super K> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e.key);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
* The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is
* modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
* (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation),
* the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection
* supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
* mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
* <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
* <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not
* support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
*
* @return a view of the values contained in this map
*/
public Collection<V> values() {
Collection<V> vs = values;
if (vs == null) {
vs = new Values();
values = vs;
}
return vs;
}
final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
public final int size() { return size; }
public final void clear() { HashMap.this.clear(); }
public final Iterator<V> iterator() { return new ValueIterator(); }
public final boolean contains(Object o) { return containsValue(o); }
public final Spliterator<V> spliterator() {
return new ValueSpliterator<>(HashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
}
public final void forEach(Consumer<? super V> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e.value);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
* while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
* the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
* <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
* iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set
* supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
* mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
* <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
* <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the
* <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
*
* @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
*/
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es;
return (es = entrySet) == null ? (entrySet = new EntrySet()) : es;
}
final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
public final int size() { return size; }
public final void clear() { HashMap.this.clear(); }
public final Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
return new EntryIterator();
}
public final boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
Object key = e.getKey();
Node<K,V> candidate = getNode(hash(key), key);
return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
}
public final boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
Object key = e.getKey();
Object value = e.getValue();
return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
}
return false;
}
public final Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
return new EntrySpliterator<>(HashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
}
public final void forEach(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
// Overrides of JDK8 Map extension methods
@Override
public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? defaultValue : e.value;
}
@Override
public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, true, true);
}
@Override
public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
}
@Override
public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Node<K,V> e; V v;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null &&
((v = e.value) == oldValue || (v != null && v.equals(oldValue)))) {
e.value = newValue;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public V replace(K key, V value) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
if (mappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
V oldValue;
if (old != null && (oldValue = old.value) != null) {
afterNodeAccess(old);
return oldValue;
}
}
V v = mappingFunction.apply(key);
if (v == null) {
return null;
} else if (old != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
return v;
}
else if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
return v;
}
public V computeIfPresent(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V> e; V oldValue;
int hash = hash(key);
if ((e = getNode(hash, key)) != null &&
(oldValue = e.value) != null) {
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (v != null) {
e.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return v;
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
return null;
}
@Override
public V compute(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
V oldValue = (old == null) ? null : old.value;
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (old != null) {
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
else if (v != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return v;
}
@Override
public V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (old != null) {
V v;
if (old.value != null)
v = remappingFunction.apply(old.value, value);
else
v = value;
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
return v;
}
if (value != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return value;
}
@Override
public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e.key, e.value);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
@Override
public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (function == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
e.value = function.apply(e.key, e.value);
}
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// Cloning and serialization
/**
* Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
* values themselves are not cloned.
*
* @return a shallow copy of this map
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public Object clone() {
HashMap<K,V> result;
try {
result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError(e);
}
result.reinitialize();
result.putMapEntries(this, false);
return result;
}
// These methods are also used when serializing HashSets
final float loadFactor() { return loadFactor; }
final int capacity() {
return (table != null) ? table.length :
(threshold > 0) ? threshold :
DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
}
/**
* Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e.,
* serialize it).
*
* @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the
* bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
* <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value
* mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
* for each key-value mapping. The key-value mappings are
* emitted in no particular order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws IOException {
int buckets = capacity();
// Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
s.defaultWriteObject();
s.writeInt(buckets);
s.writeInt(size);
internalWriteEntries(s);
}
/**
* Reconstitutes this map from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
* @param s the stream
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object
* could not be found
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
// Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
s.defaultReadObject();
reinitialize();
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
s.readInt(); // Read and ignore number of buckets
int mappings = s.readInt(); // Read number of mappings (size)
if (mappings < 0)
throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " +
mappings);
else if (mappings > 0) { // (if zero, use defaults)
// Size the table using given load factor only if within
// range of 0.25...4.0
float lf = Math.min(Math.max(0.25f, loadFactor), 4.0f);
float fc = (float)mappings / lf + 1.0f;
int cap = ((fc < DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) ?
DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY :
(fc >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
tableSizeFor((int)fc));
float ft = (float)cap * lf;
threshold = ((cap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
// Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to
// what we're actually creating.
SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess().checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, cap);
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[cap];
table = tab;
// Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
K key = (K) s.readObject();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
V value = (V) s.readObject();
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// iterators
abstract class HashIterator {
Node<K,V> next; // next entry to return
Node<K,V> current; // current entry
int expectedModCount; // for fast-fail
int index; // current slot
HashIterator() {
expectedModCount = modCount;
Node<K,V>[] t = table;
current = next = null;
index = 0;
if (t != null && size > 0) { // advance to first entry
do {} while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null);
}
}
public final boolean hasNext() {
return next != null;
}
final Node<K,V> nextNode() {
Node<K,V>[] t;
Node<K,V> e = next;
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
if (e == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
if ((next = (current = e).next) == null && (t = table) != null) {
do {} while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null);
}
return e;
}
public final void remove() {
Node<K,V> p = current;
if (p == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
current = null;
K key = p.key;
removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, false);
expectedModCount = modCount;
}
}
final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator
implements Iterator<K> {
public final K next() { return nextNode().key; }
}
final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator
implements Iterator<V> {
public final V next() { return nextNode().value; }
}
final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator
implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
public final Map.Entry<K,V> next() { return nextNode(); }
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// spliterators
static class HashMapSpliterator<K,V> {
final HashMap<K,V> map;
Node<K,V> current; // current node
int index; // current index, modified on advance/split
int fence; // one past last index
int est; // size estimate
int expectedModCount; // for comodification checks
HashMapSpliterator(HashMap<K,V> m, int origin,
int fence, int est,
int expectedModCount) {
this.map = m;
this.index = origin;
this.fence = fence;
this.est = est;
this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
}
final int getFence() { // initialize fence and size on first use
int hi;
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
HashMap<K,V> m = map;
est = m.size;
expectedModCount = m.modCount;
Node<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
hi = fence = (tab == null) ? 0 : tab.length;
}
return hi;
}
public final long estimateSize() {
getFence(); // force init
return (long) est;
}
}
static final class KeySpliterator<K,V>
extends HashMapSpliterator<K,V>
implements Spliterator<K> {
KeySpliterator(HashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
int expectedModCount) {
super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
}
public KeySpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
return (lo >= mid || current != null) ? null :
new KeySpliterator<>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
expectedModCount);
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super K> action) {
int i, hi, mc;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
HashMap<K,V> m = map;
Node<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
hi = fence = (tab == null) ? 0 : tab.length;
}
else
mc = expectedModCount;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= hi &&
(i = index) >= 0 && (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
Node<K,V> p = current;
current = null;
do {
if (p == null)
p = tab[i++];
else {
action.accept(p.key);
p = p.next;
}
} while (p != null || i < hi);
if (m.modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super K> action) {
int hi;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
while (current != null || index < hi) {
if (current == null)
current = tab[index++];
else {
K k = current.key;
current = current.next;
action.accept(k);
if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public int characteristics() {
return (fence < 0 || est == map.size ? Spliterator.SIZED : 0) |
Spliterator.DISTINCT;
}
}
static final class ValueSpliterator<K,V>
extends HashMapSpliterator<K,V>
implements Spliterator<V> {
ValueSpliterator(HashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
int expectedModCount) {
super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
}
public ValueSpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
return (lo >= mid || current != null) ? null :
new ValueSpliterator<>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
expectedModCount);
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super V> action) {
int i, hi, mc;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
HashMap<K,V> m = map;
Node<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
hi = fence = (tab == null) ? 0 : tab.length;
}
else
mc = expectedModCount;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= hi &&
(i = index) >= 0 && (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
Node<K,V> p = current;
current = null;
do {
if (p == null)
p = tab[i++];
else {
action.accept(p.value);
p = p.next;
}
} while (p != null || i < hi);
if (m.modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super V> action) {
int hi;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
while (current != null || index < hi) {
if (current == null)
current = tab[index++];
else {
V v = current.value;
current = current.next;
action.accept(v);
if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public int characteristics() {
return (fence < 0 || est == map.size ? Spliterator.SIZED : 0);
}
}
static final class EntrySpliterator<K,V>
extends HashMapSpliterator<K,V>
implements Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
EntrySpliterator(HashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
int expectedModCount) {
super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
}
public EntrySpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
return (lo >= mid || current != null) ? null :
new EntrySpliterator<>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
expectedModCount);
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
int i, hi, mc;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
HashMap<K,V> m = map;
Node<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
hi = fence = (tab == null) ? 0 : tab.length;
}
else
mc = expectedModCount;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= hi &&
(i = index) >= 0 && (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
Node<K,V> p = current;
current = null;
do {
if (p == null)
p = tab[i++];
else {
action.accept(p);
p = p.next;
}
} while (p != null || i < hi);
if (m.modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
int hi;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
if (tab != null && tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
while (current != null || index < hi) {
if (current == null)
current = tab[index++];
else {
Node<K,V> e = current;
current = current.next;
action.accept(e);
if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public int characteristics() {
return (fence < 0 || est == map.size ? Spliterator.SIZED : 0) |
Spliterator.DISTINCT;
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// LinkedHashMap support
/*
* The following package-protected methods are designed to be
* overridden by LinkedHashMap, but not by any other subclass.
* Nearly all other internal methods are also package-protected
* but are declared final, so can be used by LinkedHashMap, view
* classes, and HashSet.
*/
// Create a regular (non-tree) node
Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
return new Node<>(hash, key, value, next);
}
// For conversion from TreeNodes to plain nodes
Node<K,V> replacementNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
return new Node<>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, next);
}
// Create a tree bin node
TreeNode<K,V> newTreeNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
return new TreeNode<>(hash, key, value, next);
}
// For treeifyBin
TreeNode<K,V> replacementTreeNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
return new TreeNode<>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, next);
}
/**
* Reset to initial default state. Called by clone and readObject.
*/
void reinitialize() {
table = null;
entrySet = null;
keySet = null;
values = null;
modCount = 0;
threshold = 0;
size = 0;
}
// Callbacks to allow LinkedHashMap post-actions
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> p) { }
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { }
void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> p) { }
// Called only from writeObject, to ensure compatible ordering.
void internalWriteEntries(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
s.writeObject(e.key);
s.writeObject(e.value);
}
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// Tree bins
/**
* Entry for Tree bins. Extends LinkedHashMap.Entry (which in turn
* extends Node) so can be used as extension of either regular or
* linked node.
*/
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
TreeNode<K,V> left;
TreeNode<K,V> right;
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red;
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
}
/**
* Returns root of tree containing this node.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
if ((p = r.parent) == null)
return r;
r = p;
}
}
/**
* Ensures that the given root is the first node of its bin.
*/
static <K,V> void moveRootToFront(Node<K,V>[] tab, TreeNode<K,V> root) {
int n;
if (root != null && tab != null && (n = tab.length) > 0) {
int index = (n - 1) & root.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index];
if (root != first) {
Node<K,V> rn;
tab[index] = root;
TreeNode<K,V> rp = root.prev;
if ((rn = root.next) != null)
((TreeNode<K,V>)rn).prev = rp;
if (rp != null)
rp.next = rn;
if (first != null)
first.prev = root;
root.next = first;
root.prev = null;
}
assert checkInvariants(root);
}
}
/**
* Finds the node starting at root p with the given hash and key.
* The kc argument caches comparableClassFor(key) upon first use
* comparing keys.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> find(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
do {
int ph, dir; K pk;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right, q;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
p = pl;
else if (ph < h)
p = pr;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if (pl == null)
p = pr;
else if (pr == null)
p = pl;
else if ((kc != null ||
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
else if ((q = pr.find(h, k, kc)) != null)
return q;
else
p = pl;
} while (p != null);
return null;
}
/**
* Calls find for root node.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> getTreeNode(int h, Object k) {
return ((parent != null) ? root() : this).find(h, k, null);
}
/**
* Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
* hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
* order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
* equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
* necessary simplifies testing a bit.
*/
static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
int d;
if (a == null || b == null ||
(d = a.getClass().getName().
compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
-1 : 1);
return d;
}
/**
* Forms tree of the nodes linked from this node.
*/
final void treeify(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
TreeNode<K,V> root = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> x = this, next; x != null; x = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
x.left = x.right = null;
if (root == null) {
x.parent = null;
x.red = false;
root = x;
}
else {
K k = x.key;
int h = x.hash;
Class<?> kc = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
int dir, ph;
K pk = p.key;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
x.parent = xp;
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
break;
}
}
}
}
moveRootToFront(tab, root);
}
/**
* Returns a list of non-TreeNodes replacing those linked from
* this node.
*/
final Node<K,V> untreeify(HashMap<K,V> map) {
Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
for (Node<K,V> q = this; q != null; q = q.next) {
Node<K,V> p = map.replacementNode(q, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else
tl.next = p;
tl = p;
}
return hd;
}
/**
* Tree version of putVal.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,
int h, K k, V v) {
Class<?> kc = null;
boolean searched = false;
TreeNode<K,V> root = (parent != null) ? root() : this;
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
int dir, ph; K pk;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0) {
if (!searched) {
TreeNode<K,V> q, ch;
searched = true;
if (((ch = p.left) != null &&
(q = ch.find(h, k, kc)) != null) ||
((ch = p.right) != null &&
(q = ch.find(h, k, kc)) != null))
return q;
}
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
}
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
Node<K,V> xpn = xp.next;
TreeNode<K,V> x = map.newTreeNode(h, k, v, xpn);
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
xp.next = x;
x.parent = x.prev = xp;
if (xpn != null)
((TreeNode<K,V>)xpn).prev = x;
moveRootToFront(tab, balanceInsertion(root, x));
return null;
}
}
}
/**
* Removes the given node, that must be present before this call.
* This is messier than typical red-black deletion code because we
* cannot swap the contents of an interior node with a leaf
* successor that is pinned by "next" pointers that are accessible
* independently during traversal. So instead we swap the tree
* linkages. If the current tree appears to have too few nodes,
* the bin is converted back to a plain bin. (The test triggers
* somewhere between 2 and 6 nodes, depending on tree structure).
*/
final void removeTreeNode(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,
boolean movable) {
int n;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
return;
int index = (n - 1) & hash;
TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index], root = first, rl;
TreeNode<K,V> succ = (TreeNode<K,V>)next, pred = prev;
if (pred == null)
tab[index] = first = succ;
else
pred.next = succ;
if (succ != null)
succ.prev = pred;
if (first == null)
return;
if (root.parent != null)
root = root.root();
if (root == null
|| (movable
&& (root.right == null
|| (rl = root.left) == null
|| rl.left == null))) {
tab[index] = first.untreeify(map); // too small
return;
}
TreeNode<K,V> p = this, pl = left, pr = right, replacement;
if (pl != null && pr != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
s = sl;
boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
p.parent = s;
s.right = p;
}
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
if (s == sp.left)
sp.left = p;
else
sp.right = p;
}
if ((s.right = pr) != null)
pr.parent = s;
}
p.left = null;
if ((p.right = sr) != null)
sr.parent = p;
if ((s.left = pl) != null)
pl.parent = s;
if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
root = s;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = s;
else
pp.right = s;
if (sr != null)
replacement = sr;
else
replacement = p;
}
else if (pl != null)
replacement = pl;
else if (pr != null)
replacement = pr;
else
replacement = p;
if (replacement != p) {
TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (pp == null)
root = replacement;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = replacement;
else
pp.right = replacement;
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
}
TreeNode<K,V> r = p.red ? root : balanceDeletion(root, replacement);
if (replacement == p) { // detach
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
p.parent = null;
if (pp != null) {
if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = null;
else if (p == pp.right)
pp.right = null;
}
}
if (movable)
moveRootToFront(tab, r);
}
/**
* Splits nodes in a tree bin into lower and upper tree bins,
* or untreeifies if now too small. Called only from resize;
* see above discussion about split bits and indices.
*
* @param map the map
* @param tab the table for recording bin heads
* @param index the index of the table being split
* @param bit the bit of hash to split on
*/
final void split(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int bit) {
TreeNode<K,V> b = this;
// Relink into lo and hi lists, preserving order
TreeNode<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (TreeNode<K,V> e = b, next; e != null; e = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)e.next;
e.next = null;
if ((e.hash & bit) == 0) {
if ((e.prev = loTail) == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((e.prev = hiTail) == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
++hc;
}
}
if (loHead != null) {
if (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index] = loHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index] = loHead;
if (hiHead != null) // (else is already treeified)
loHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
if (hiHead != null) {
if (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index + bit] = hiHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index + bit] = hiHead;
if (loHead != null)
hiHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// Red-black tree methods, all adapted from CLR
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateLeft(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> r, pp, rl;
if (p != null && (r = p.right) != null) {
if ((rl = p.right = r.left) != null)
rl.parent = p;
if ((pp = r.parent = p.parent) == null)
(root = r).red = false;
else if (pp.left == p)
pp.left = r;
else
pp.right = r;
r.left = p;
p.parent = r;
}
return root;
}
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateRight(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> l, pp, lr;
if (p != null && (l = p.left) != null) {
if ((lr = p.left = l.right) != null)
lr.parent = p;
if ((pp = l.parent = p.parent) == null)
(root = l).red = false;
else if (pp.right == p)
pp.right = l;
else
pp.left = l;
l.right = p;
p.parent = l;
}
return root;
}
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceInsertion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> x) {
x.red = true;
for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpp, xppl, xppr;;) {
if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
x.red = false;
return x;
}
else if (!xp.red || (xpp = xp.parent) == null)
return root;
if (xp == (xppl = xpp.left)) {
if ((xppr = xpp.right) != null && xppr.red) {
xppr.red = false;
xp.red = false;
xpp.red = true;
x = xpp;
}
else {
if (x == xp.right) {
root = rotateLeft(root, x = xp);
xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
if (xpp != null) {
xpp.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xpp);
}
}
}
}
else {
if (xppl != null && xppl.red) {
xppl.red = false;
xp.red = false;
xpp.red = true;
x = xpp;
}
else {
if (x == xp.left) {
root = rotateRight(root, x = xp);
xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
if (xpp != null) {
xpp.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xpp);
}
}
}
}
}
}
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceDeletion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> x) {
for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpl, xpr;;) {
if (x == null || x == root)
return root;
else if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
x.red = false;
return x;
}
else if (x.red) {
x.red = false;
return root;
}
else if ((xpl = xp.left) == x) {
if ((xpr = xp.right) != null && xpr.red) {
xpr.red = false;
xp.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.right;
}
if (xpr == null)
x = xp;
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpr.left, sr = xpr.right;
if ((sr == null || !sr.red) &&
(sl == null || !sl.red)) {
xpr.red = true;
x = xp;
}
else {
if (sr == null || !sr.red) {
if (sl != null)
sl.red = false;
xpr.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xpr);
xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
null : xp.right;
}
if (xpr != null) {
xpr.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
if ((sr = xpr.right) != null)
sr.red = false;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
}
x = root;
}
}
}
else { // symmetric
if (xpl != null && xpl.red) {
xpl.red = false;
xp.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xp);
xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.left;
}
if (xpl == null)
x = xp;
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpl.left, sr = xpl.right;
if ((sl == null || !sl.red) &&
(sr == null || !sr.red)) {
xpl.red = true;
x = xp;
}
else {
if (sl == null || !sl.red) {
if (sr != null)
sr.red = false;
xpl.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xpl);
xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
null : xp.left;
}
if (xpl != null) {
xpl.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
if ((sl = xpl.left) != null)
sl.red = false;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
root = rotateRight(root, xp);
}
x = root;
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Recursive invariant check
*/
static <K,V> boolean checkInvariants(TreeNode<K,V> t) {
TreeNode<K,V> tp = t.parent, tl = t.left, tr = t.right,
tb = t.prev, tn = (TreeNode<K,V>)t.next;
if (tb != null && tb.next != t)
return false;
if (tn != null && tn.prev != t)
return false;
if (tp != null && t != tp.left && t != tp.right)
return false;
if (tl != null && (tl.parent != t || tl.hash > t.hash))
return false;
if (tr != null && (tr.parent != t || tr.hash < t.hash))
return false;
if (t.red && tl != null && tl.red && tr != null && tr.red)
return false;
if (tl != null && !checkInvariants(tl))
return false;
if (tr != null && !checkInvariants(tr))
return false;
return true;
}
}
}
二、Hashtable
Hashtable的具体实现
public class Hashtable<K,V>
extends Dictionary<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
从中可以看出HashTable继承Dictionary类，实现Map接口。其中Dictionary类是任何可将键映射到相应值的类（如 Hashtable）的抽象父类。每个键和每个值都是一个对象。在任何一个 Dictionary 对象中，每个键至多与一个值相关联。Map是"key-value键值对"接口。
HashTable采用"拉链法"实现哈希表，它定义了几个重要的参数：table、count、threshold、loadFactor、modCount。
table：为一个Entry[]数组类型，Entry代表了“拉链”的节点，每一个Entry代表了一个键值对，哈希表的"key-value键值对"都是存储在Entry数组中的。
count：HashTable的大小，注意这个大小并不是HashTable的容器大小，而是他所包含Entry键值对的数量。
threshold：Hashtable的阈值，用于判断是否需要调整Hashtable的容量。threshold的值="容量*加载因子"。
loadFactor：加载因子。
modCount：用来实现“fail-fast”机制的（也就是快速失败）。所谓快速失败就是在并发集合中，其进行迭代操作时，若有其他线程对其进行结构性的修改，这时迭代器会立马感知到，并且立即抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常，而不是等到迭代完成之后才告诉你已经出错了。
HashTable的四种构造方法：
/**
* Constructs a new, empty hashtable with the specified initial
* capacity and the specified load factor.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the hashtable.
* @param loadFactor the load factor of the hashtable.
* @exception IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
* than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive.
*/
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);
if (initialCapacity==0)
initialCapacity = 1;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
table = new Entry<?,?>[initialCapacity];
threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
}
/**
* Constructs a new, empty hashtable with the specified initial capacity
* and default load factor (0.75).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the hashtable.
* @exception IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
* than zero.
*/
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, 0.75f);
}
/**
* Constructs a new, empty hashtable with a default initial capacity (11)
* and load factor (0.75).
*/
public Hashtable() {
this(11, 0.75f);
}
/**
* Constructs a new hashtable with the same mappings as the given
* Map. The hashtable is created with an initial capacity sufficient to
* hold the mappings in the given Map and a default load factor (0.75).
*
* @param t the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map.
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null.
* @since 1.2
*/
public Hashtable(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {
this(Math.max(2*t.size(), 11), 0.75f);
putAll(t);
}
Hashtable的其他相关方法：
/**
* Returns the number of keys in this hashtable.
*
* @return the number of keys in this hashtable.
*/
public synchronized int size() {
return count;
}
/**
* Tests if this hashtable maps no keys to values.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if this hashtable maps no keys to values;
* <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
return count == 0;
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration of the keys in this hashtable.
*
* @return an enumeration of the keys in this hashtable.
* @see Enumeration
* @see #elements()
* @see #keySet()
* @see Map
*/
public synchronized Enumeration<K> keys() {
return this.<K>getEnumeration(KEYS);
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration of the values in this hashtable.
* Use the Enumeration methods on the returned object to fetch the elements
* sequentially.
*
* @return an enumeration of the values in this hashtable.
* @see java.util.Enumeration
* @see #keys()
* @see #values()
* @see Map
*/
public synchronized Enumeration<V> elements() {
return this.<V>getEnumeration(VALUES);
}
/**
* Tests if some key maps into the specified value in this hashtable.
* This operation is more expensive than the {@link #containsKey
* containsKey} method.
*
* <p>Note that this method is identical in functionality to
* {@link #containsValue containsValue}, (which is part of the
* {@link Map} interface in the collections framework).
*
* @param value a value to search for
* @return <code>true</code> if and only if some key maps to the
* <code>value</code> argument in this hashtable as
* determined by the <tt>equals</tt> method;
* <code>false</code> otherwise.
* @exception NullPointerException if the value is <code>null</code>
*/
public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) {
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if (e.value.equals(value)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns true if this hashtable maps one or more keys to this value.
*
* <p>Note that this method is identical in functionality to {@link
* #contains contains} (which predates the {@link Map} interface).
*
* @param value value whose presence in this hashtable is to be tested
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
* specified value
* @throws NullPointerException if the value is <code>null</code>
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
return contains(value);
}
/**
* Tests if the specified object is a key in this hashtable.
*
* @param key possible key
* @return <code>true</code> if and only if the specified object
* is a key in this hashtable, as determined by the
* <tt>equals</tt> method; <code>false</code> otherwise.
* @throws NullPointerException if the key is <code>null</code>
* @see #contains(Object)
*/
public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
* or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key.equals(k))},
* then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns
* {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
* {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
* @see #put(Object, Object)
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public synchronized V get(Object key) {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
return (V)e.value;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* The maximum size of array to allocate.
* Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
* Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
* OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
/**
* Increases the capacity of and internally reorganizes this
* hashtable, in order to accommodate and access its entries more
* efficiently. This method is called automatically when the
* number of keys in the hashtable exceeds this hashtable's capacity
* and load factor.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected void rehash() {
int oldCapacity = table.length;
Entry<?,?>[] oldMap = table;
// overflow-conscious code
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {
if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
// Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
return;
newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
Entry<?,?>[] newMap = new Entry<?,?>[newCapacity];
modCount++;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
table = newMap;
for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
for (Entry<K,V> old = (Entry<K,V>)oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
Entry<K,V> e = old;
old = old.next;
int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
e.next = (Entry<K,V>)newMap[index];
newMap[index] = e;
}
}
}
private void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int index) {
modCount++;
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
if (count >= threshold) {
// Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
rehash();
tab = table;
hash = key.hashCode();
index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
}
// Creates the new entry.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) tab[index];
tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
count++;
}
/**
* Maps the specified <code>key</code> to the specified
* <code>value</code> in this hashtable. Neither the key nor the
* value can be <code>null</code>. <p>
*
* The value can be retrieved by calling the <code>get</code> method
* with a key that is equal to the original key.
*
* @param key the hashtable key
* @param value the value
* @return the previous value of the specified key in this hashtable,
* or <code>null</code> if it did not have one
* @exception NullPointerException if the key or value is
* <code>null</code>
* @see Object#equals(Object)
* @see #get(Object)
*/
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
// Make sure the value is not null
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
V old = entry.value;
entry.value = value;
return old;
}
}
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
return null;
}
/**
* Removes the key (and its corresponding value) from this
* hashtable. This method does nothing if the key is not in the hashtable.
*
* @param key the key that needs to be removed
* @return the value to which the key had been mapped in this hashtable,
* or <code>null</code> if the key did not have a mapping
* @throws NullPointerException if the key is <code>null</code>
*/
public synchronized V remove(Object key) {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(Entry<K,V> prev = null ; e != null ; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null) {
prev.next = e.next;
} else {
tab[index] = e.next;
}
count--;
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = null;
return oldValue;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this hashtable.
* These mappings will replace any mappings that this hashtable had for any
* of the keys currently in the specified map.
*
* @param t mappings to be stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : t.entrySet())
put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
/**
* Clears this hashtable so that it contains no keys.
*/
public synchronized void clear() {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
modCount++;
for (int index = tab.length; --index >= 0; )
tab[index] = null;
count = 0;
}
/**
* Creates a shallow copy of this hashtable. All the structure of the
* hashtable itself is copied, but the keys and values are not cloned.
* This is a relatively expensive operation.
*
* @return a clone of the hashtable
*/
public synchronized Object clone() {
try {
Hashtable<?,?> t = (Hashtable<?,?>)super.clone();
t.table = new Entry<?,?>[table.length];
for (int i = table.length ; i-- > 0 ; ) {
t.table[i] = (table[i] != null)
? (Entry<?,?>) table[i].clone() : null;
}
t.keySet = null;
t.entrySet = null;
t.values = null;
t.modCount = 0;
return t;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError(e);
}
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this <tt>Hashtable</tt> object
* in the form of a set of entries, enclosed in braces and separated
* by the ASCII characters "<tt>, </tt>" (comma and space). Each
* entry is rendered as the key, an equals sign <tt>=</tt>, and the
* associated element, where the <tt>toString</tt> method is used to
* convert the key and element to strings.
*
* @return a string representation of this hashtable
*/
public synchronized String toString() {
int max = size() - 1;
if (max == -1)
return "{}";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> it = entrySet().iterator();
sb.append('{');
for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
Map.Entry<K,V> e = it.next();
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
sb.append(key == this ? "(this Map)" : key.toString());
sb.append('=');
sb.append(value == this ? "(this Map)" : value.toString());
if (i == max)
return sb.append('}').toString();
sb.append(", ");
}
}
private <T> Enumeration<T> getEnumeration(int type) {
if (count == 0) {
return Collections.emptyEnumeration();
} else {
return new Enumerator<>(type, false);
}
}
private <T> Iterator<T> getIterator(int type) {
if (count == 0) {
return Collections.emptyIterator();
} else {
return new Enumerator<>(type, true);
}
}
// Views
/**
* Each of these fields are initialized to contain an instance of the
* appropriate view the first time this view is requested. The views are
* stateless, so there's no reason to create more than one of each.
*/
private transient volatile Set<K> keySet;
private transient volatile Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
private transient volatile Collection<V> values;
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
* while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
* the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of
* the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal,
* which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
* <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
* <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
* operations. It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt>
* operations.
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public Set<K> keySet() {
if (keySet == null)
keySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new KeySet(), this);
return keySet;
}
private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
public Iterator<K> iterator() {
return getIterator(KEYS);
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return containsKey(o);
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
return Hashtable.this.remove(o) != null;
}
public void clear() {
Hashtable.this.clear();
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
* while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
* the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
* <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
* iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set
* supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
* mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
* <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
* <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the
* <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
if (entrySet==null)
entrySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new EntrySet(), this);
return entrySet;
}
private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
return getIterator(ENTRIES);
}
public boolean add(Map.Entry<K,V> o) {
return super.add(o);
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<?,?> entry = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
Object key = entry.getKey();
Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next)
if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry))
return true;
return false;
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<?,?> entry = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
Object key = entry.getKey();
Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry)) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null)
prev.next = e.next;
else
tab[index] = e.next;
count--;
e.value = null;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public void clear() {
Hashtable.this.clear();
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
* The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is
* modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
* (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation),
* the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection
* supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
* mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
* <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
* <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not
* support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public Collection<V> values() {
if (values==null)
values = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ValueCollection(),
this);
return values;
}
private class ValueCollection extends AbstractCollection<V> {
public Iterator<V> iterator() {
return getIterator(VALUES);
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return containsValue(o);
}
public void clear() {
Hashtable.this.clear();
}
}
// Comparison and hashing
/**
* Compares the specified Object with this Map for equality,
* as per the definition in the Map interface.
*
* @param o object to be compared for equality with this hashtable
* @return true if the specified Object is equal to this Map
* @see Map#equals(Object)
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (!(o instanceof Map))
return false;
Map<?,?> t = (Map<?,?>) o;
if (t.size() != size())
return false;
try {
Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i = entrySet().iterator();
while (i.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<K,V> e = i.next();
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
if (value == null) {
if (!(t.get(key)==null && t.containsKey(key)))
return false;
} else {
if (!value.equals(t.get(key)))
return false;
}
}
} catch (ClassCastException unused) {
return false;
} catch (NullPointerException unused) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Returns the hash code value for this Map as per the definition in the
* Map interface.
*
* @see Map#hashCode()
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized int hashCode() {
/*
* This code detects the recursion caused by computing the hash code
* of a self-referential hash table and prevents the stack overflow
* that would otherwise result. This allows certain 1.1-era
* applets with self-referential hash tables to work. This code
* abuses the loadFactor field to do double-duty as a hashCode
* in progress flag, so as not to worsen the space performance.
* A negative load factor indicates that hash code computation is
* in progress.
*/
int h = 0;
if (count == 0 || loadFactor < 0)
return h; // Returns zero
loadFactor = -loadFactor; // Mark hashCode computation in progress
Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
for (Entry<?,?> entry : tab) {
while (entry != null) {
h += entry.hashCode();
entry = entry.next;
}
}
loadFactor = -loadFactor; // Mark hashCode computation complete
return h;
}
@Override
public synchronized V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
V result = get(key);
return (null == result) ? defaultValue : result;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public synchronized void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action); // explicit check required in case
// table is empty.
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Entry<?, ?>[] tab = table;
for (Entry<?, ?> entry : tab) {
while (entry != null) {
action.accept((K)entry.key, (V)entry.value);
entry = entry.next;
if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public synchronized void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
Objects.requireNonNull(function); // explicit check required in case
// table is empty.
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Entry<K, V>[] tab = (Entry<K, V>[])table;
for (Entry<K, V> entry : tab) {
while (entry != null) {
entry.value = Objects.requireNonNull(
function.apply(entry.key, entry.value));
entry = entry.next;
if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
}
@Override
public synchronized V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (; entry != null; entry = entry.next) {
if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
V old = entry.value;
if (old == null) {
entry.value = value;
}
return old;
}
}
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
return null;
}
@Override
public synchronized boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key) && e.value.equals(value)) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null) {
prev.next = e.next;
} else {
tab[index] = e.next;
}
count--;
e.value = null;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public synchronized boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Objects.requireNonNull(oldValue);
Objects.requireNonNull(newValue);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (; e != null; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
if (e.value.equals(oldValue)) {
e.value = newValue;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public synchronized V replace(K key, V value) {
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (; e != null; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
return oldValue;
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public synchronized V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.hash == hash && e.key.equals(key)) {
// Hashtable not accept null value
return e.value;
}
}
V newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key);
if (newValue != null) {
addEntry(hash, key, newValue, index);
}
return newValue;
}
@Override
public synchronized V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e.hash == hash && e.key.equals(key)) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.value);
if (newValue == null) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null) {
prev.next = e.next;
} else {
tab[index] = e.next;
}
count--;
} else {
e.value = newValue;
}
return newValue;
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public synchronized V compute(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e.hash == hash && Objects.equals(e.key, key)) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.value);
if (newValue == null) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null) {
prev.next = e.next;
} else {
tab[index] = e.next;
}
count--;
} else {
e.value = newValue;
}
return newValue;
}
}
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, null);
if (newValue != null) {
addEntry(hash, key, newValue, index);
}
return newValue;
}
@Override
public synchronized V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for (Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e.hash == hash && e.key.equals(key)) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(e.value, value);
if (newValue == null) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null) {
prev.next = e.next;
} else {
tab[index] = e.next;
}
count--;
} else {
e.value = newValue;
}
return newValue;
}
}
if (value != null) {
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
}
return value;
}
/**
* Save the state of the Hashtable to a stream (i.e., serialize it).
*
* @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the Hashtable (the length of the
* bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
* <i>size</i> of the Hashtable (the number of key-value
* mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
* for each key-value mapping represented by the Hashtable
* The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws IOException {
Entry<Object, Object> entryStack = null;
synchronized (this) {
// Write out the threshold and loadFactor
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out the length and count of elements
s.writeInt(table.length);
s.writeInt(count);
// Stack copies of the entries in the table
for (int index = 0; index < table.length; index++) {
Entry<?,?> entry = table[index];
while (entry != null) {
entryStack =
new Entry<>(0, entry.key, entry.value, entryStack);
entry = entry.next;
}
}
}
// Write out the key/value objects from the stacked entries
while (entryStack != null) {
s.writeObject(entryStack.key);
s.writeObject(entryStack.value);
entryStack = entryStack.next;
}
}
/**
* Reconstitute the Hashtable from a stream (i.e., deserialize it).
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
// Read in the threshold and loadFactor
s.defaultReadObject();
// Validate loadFactor (ignore threshold - it will be re-computed)
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new StreamCorruptedException("Illegal Load: " + loadFactor);
// Read the original length of the array and number of elements
int origlength = s.readInt();
int elements = s.readInt();
// Validate # of elements
if (elements < 0)
throw new StreamCorruptedException("Illegal # of Elements: " + elements);
// Clamp original length to be more than elements / loadFactor
// (this is the invariant enforced with auto-growth)
origlength = Math.max(origlength, (int)(elements / loadFactor) + 1);
// Compute new length with a bit of room 5% + 3 to grow but
// no larger than the clamped original length. Make the length
// odd if it's large enough, this helps distribute the entries.
// Guard against the length ending up zero, that's not valid.
int length = (int)((elements + elements / 20) / loadFactor) + 3;
if (length > elements && (length & 1) == 0)
length--;
length = Math.min(length, origlength);
if (length < 0) { // overflow
length = origlength;
}
// Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to
// what we're actually creating.
SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess().checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, length);
table = new Entry<?,?>[length];
threshold = (int)Math.min(length * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
count = 0;
// Read the number of elements and then all the key/value objects
for (; elements > 0; elements--) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
K key = (K)s.readObject();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
V value = (V)s.readObject();
// sync is eliminated for performance
reconstitutionPut(table, key, value);
}
}
/**
* The put method used by readObject. This is provided because put
* is overridable and should not be called in readObject since the
* subclass will not yet be initialized.
*
* <p>This differs from the regular put method in several ways. No
* checking for rehashing is necessary since the number of elements
* initially in the table is known. The modCount is not incremented and
* there's no synchronization because we are creating a new instance.
* Also, no return value is needed.
*/
private void reconstitutionPut(Entry<?,?>[] tab, K key, V value)
throws StreamCorruptedException
{
if (value == null) {
throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException();
}
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
// This should not happen in deserialized version.
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException();
}
}
// Creates the new entry.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
count++;
}
/**
* Hashtable bucket collision list entry
*/
private static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Entry<K,V> next;
protected Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Entry<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected Object clone() {
return new Entry<>(hash, key, value,
(next==null ? null : (Entry<K,V>) next.clone()));
}
// Map.Entry Ops
public K getKey() {
return key;
}
public V getValue() {
return value;
}
public V setValue(V value) {
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
V oldValue = this.value;
this.value = value;
return oldValue;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
return (key==null ? e.getKey()==null : key.equals(e.getKey())) &&
(value==null ? e.getValue()==null : value.equals(e.getValue()));
}
public int hashCode() {
return hash ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public String toString() {
return key.toString()+"="+value.toString();
}
}
// Types of Enumerations/Iterations
private static final int KEYS = 0;
private static final int VALUES = 1;
private static final int ENTRIES = 2;
/**
* A hashtable enumerator class. This class implements both the
* Enumeration and Iterator interfaces, but individual instances
* can be created with the Iterator methods disabled. This is necessary
* to avoid unintentionally increasing the capabilities granted a user
* by passing an Enumeration.
*/
private class Enumerator<T> implements Enumeration<T>, Iterator<T> {
Entry<?,?>[] table = Hashtable.this.table;
int index = table.length;
Entry<?,?> entry;
Entry<?,?> lastReturned;
int type;
/**
* Indicates whether this Enumerator is serving as an Iterator
* or an Enumeration. (true -> Iterator).
*/
boolean iterator;
/**
* The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
* Hashtable should have. If this expectation is violated, the iterator
* has detected concurrent modification.
*/
protected int expectedModCount = modCount;
Enumerator(int type, boolean iterator) {
this.type = type;
this.iterator = iterator;
}
public boolean hasMoreElements() {
Entry<?,?> e = entry;
int i = index;
Entry<?,?>[] t = table;
/* Use locals for faster loop iteration */
while (e == null && i > 0) {
e = t[--i];
}
entry = e;
index = i;
return e != null;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T nextElement() {
Entry<?,?> et = entry;
int i = index;
Entry<?,?>[] t = table;
/* Use locals for faster loop iteration */
while (et == null && i > 0) {
et = t[--i];
}
entry = et;
index = i;
if (et != null) {
Entry<?,?> e = lastReturned = entry;
entry = e.next;
return type == KEYS ? (T)e.key : (type == VALUES ? (T)e.value : (T)e);
}
throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator");
}
// Iterator methods
public boolean hasNext() {
return hasMoreElements();
}
public T next() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return nextElement();
}
public void remove() {
if (!iterator)
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
if (lastReturned == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Enumerator");
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
synchronized(Hashtable.this) {
Entry<?,?>[] tab = Hashtable.this.table;
int index = (lastReturned.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(Entry<K,V> prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e == lastReturned) {
modCount++;
expectedModCount++;
if (prev == null)
tab[index] = e.next;
else
prev.next = e.next;
count--;
lastReturned = null;
return;
}
}
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
}
三、HashMap与HashTable的区别
1、继承的父类不同：
Hashtable继承的是Dictionary类，HashMap继承的是AbstractMap，但两者都实现了Map接口。
2、是否允许null（HashMap可以为NULL，Hashtable不可以为NULL）：
HashMap可以允许存在一个 null 的 key 和任意个 null 的 value，不过建议尽量避免这样使用null作为 key，HashMap以null作为key时，总是存储在table数组的第一个节点上；Hashtable中的 key 和 value 都不允许为 null 。
在HashMap中，当get()方法返回null值时，可能是 HashMap中没有该键，也可能使该键所对应的值为null。因此，在HashMap中不能由get()方法来判断HashMap中是否存在某个键， 而应该用containsKey()方法来判断。
（1）当HashMap遇到为null的key时，它会调用putForNullKey方法来进行处理。对于value没有进行任何处理，只要是对象都可以。
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
（2）如果在Hashtable中有类似put(null,null)的操作，编译时可以通过，因为key和value都是Object类型，但运行时会抛出NullPointerException异常。
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
3、Hashtable的方法是线程安全的，底层的每个方法都使用synchronized的，而HashMap的方法多线程不安全。
虽然HashMap不是线程安全的，但是它的效率会比Hashtable要好很多。当需要多线程操作的时候可以使用线程安全的ConcurrentHashMap。ConcurrentHashMap虽然也是线程安全的，但是它的效率比Hashtable要高好多倍。因为ConcurrentHashMap使用了分段锁，并不
对整个数据进行锁定。
4、遍历不同：HashMap仅支持Iterator的遍历方式，Hashtable支持Iterator和Enumeration两种遍历方式。
（1）HashMap 的Iterator 使用的是fail-fast 迭代器，当有其他线程改变了 HashMap 的结构（增加、删除、修改元素），将会抛出ConcurrentModificationException。
（2）JDK8之前的版本中，Hashtable是没有fast-fail机制的。在JDK8及以后的版本中 ，HashTable也是使用fast-fail的， 源码如下：
if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount 的使用类似于并发编程中的 CAS( Compare and Swap) 技术，每次在发生增删改操作的时候，都会出现modCount++的动作，而modcount可以理解为是当前hashtable的状态。每发生一次操作，状态+1。设置这个状态，主要是用于hashtable 等容器类在迭代时，
判断数据是否过时时使用的。尽管hashtable采用了原生的同步锁来保护数据安全。但是在出现迭代数据的时候，则无法保证边迭代，边正确操作。于是使用这个值来标记状态。一旦在迭代的过程中状态发生了改变，则会快速抛出一个异常，终止迭代行为。
5、是否提供contains方法：
（1）HashMap把Hashtable的contains()方法去掉了，改成containsValue 和 containsKey ，因为contains() 方法容易让人引起误解；
（2）Hashtable则保留了contains，containsValue 和 containsKey 三个方法 ，其中 contains 和 containsValue 功能相同。
6、内部实现使用的数值初始化 和 扩容方式不同：
（1）两者的默认负载因子都是0.75，但Hashtable扩容时，容量变为原来的2倍+1，HashMap扩容时，将容量变成原来的2倍；Hashtable在不制定容量的情况下默认容量是11，也就是说Hashtable会尽量使用素数、奇数，而HashMap 的默认容量 为16，Hashtable不要求底层数组的容量为2的整数次幂，而 HashMap 要求一定为2的整数次幂。
（2） 之所以会有这样的不同，是因为Hashtable和HashMap设计时的侧重点不同。Hashtable的侧重点是哈希的结果更加均匀，使得哈希冲突减少。当哈希表的大小为素数时，简单的取模哈希的结果会更加均匀。而HashMap则更加关注hash的计算效率问题。在取模计算时，如果模数是2的幂，那么我们可以直接使用位运算来得到结果，效率要大大高于做除法。HashMap为了加快hash的速度，将哈希表的大小固定为了2的幂。当然这引入了哈希分布不均匀的问题，所以HashMap为解决这问题，又对hash算法做了一些改动。这从而导致了Hashtable和HashMap的计算hash值的方法不同。
7、hash 值不同：
（1）Hashtable直接使用Object的hashCode()，hashCode是JDK根据对象的地址或者字符串或者数字算出来的int类型的数值，然后再使用去取模运算来获得最终的位置。 这里一般先用 hash & 0x7FFFFFFF 后，再对length取模，&0x7FFFFFFF的目的是为了将负的hash值转化为正值，因为hash值有可能为负数，而 hash & 0x7FFFFFFF 后，只有符号外改变，而后面的位都不变。Hashtable在计算元素的位置时需要进行一次除法运算，而除法运算是比较耗时的。
int hash = key.hashCode(); int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
（2）为了提高计算效率，HashMap 将哈希表的大小固定为了2的幂，这样在取模预算时，不需要做除法，只需要做位运算。位运算比除法的效率要高很多。HashMap的效率虽然提高了，但是hash冲突却也增加了。因为它得出的hash值的低位相同的概率比较高，HashMap的效率虽然提高了，但是hash冲突却也增加了。因为它得出的hash值的低位相同的概率比较高。而计算位运算为了解决这个问题，HashMap重新根据hashcode计算hash值后，又对hash值做了一些运算来打散数据。使得取得的位置更加分散，从而减少了hash冲突。当然了，为了高效，HashMap只做了一些简单的位处理。从而不至于把使用2 的幂次方带来的效率提升给抵消掉。
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/a745233700/article/details/83183155
https://blog.csdn.net/woshimaxiao1/article/details/83661464
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