scrapy - 中间件 | user_agent 使用 | 代理IP的 | cookes 设置 登录设置| 数据保存

 

1. user_agent 代理使用 

　　

　　1. setting 里面设置 

# 开启中间件 数值越小 优先执行

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   # 'fm.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 553,  # 代理 ip
   'fm.middlewares.UserAgentMiddleware': 533,  # 请求头列表
}

 

　　2. MIDDLEWARES 文件夹里面设置 

# 在
# 定义多个请求头
class UserAgentMiddleware(object):
    USER_AGENT_LIST = [
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
        "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    ]

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        print('-------使用中间件')
        # 随机挑选
        request.headers['User_Agent'] = random.choice(self.USER_AGENT_LIST)
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        pass

 

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2. IP代理的使用 

 

　　2.1 免费代理ip

 

# ip代理设置 免费代理
class ProxyMiddleware(object):

    PROXY_LIST = ['http://113.252.11.250:8118']

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # 随机挑选ip
        request.meta['proxy'] = random.choice(self.PROXY_LIST)
        return None

 

　　2.2 收费代理ip

 

 

 

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3. cookes 设置  登录设置

 

 

 

 

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4. 数据保存 

　　4.1 创建文件夹

 # 创建文件夹 download 路径
        download_path = os.getcwd() + '/download/'
        if not os.path.exists(download_path):  # 判断是否存在
            os.makedirs(download_path)

 

 

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5. 数据去重