[java] java NIO 基础

JAVA NIO中一个比较重要的Buffer(缓冲区)类：

以下是Java NIO里关键的Buffer实现：

• ByteBuffer
• CharBuffer
• DoubleBuffer
• FloatBuffer
• IntBuffer
• LongBuffer
• ShortBuffer
• MappedByteBuffer

这些Buffer覆盖了你能通过IO发送的基本数据类型：byte, short, int, long, float, double 和 char。

下图是该类部分类，实现类的大部分方法的类图。

 

使用NIO对文件进行写，复制操作：

//文件复制
    public static void copyFile1(File src,File dest)throws  Exception{

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(src);
        FileChannel from = fis.getChannel();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(dest);
        FileChannel to =fos.getChannel();
     //通道直接进行文件复制
       to.transferFrom(from,0,from.size());
        fis.close();
        fos.close();


    }
    /**
     * 向文件中写入内容
     * @param file
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void write(File file ) throws  Exception{

        FileOutputStream outs = new FileOutputStream(file);
        //获取通道
         FileChannel fileChannel =  outs.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(48);
        String txt = "写进内容: java NIO 操作" ;
        //将内容写进缓冲区
        byteBuffer.put(txt.getBytes());
        byteBuffer.flip();
        fileChannel.write(byteBuffer);
        //关闭
        fileChannel.close();
        outs.close();

    }

 

为了理解Buffer的工作原理，需要熟悉它的三个属性：

• capacity
• position
• limit

position和limit的含义取决于Buffer处在读模式还是写模式。不管Buffer处在什么模式，capacity的含义总是一样的。

作为一个内存块，Buffer有一个固定的大小值，也叫“capacity”.你只能往里写capacity个byte、long，char等类型。一旦Buffer满了，需要将其清空（通过读数据或者清除数据）才能继续写数据往里写数据。

capacity

作为一个内存块，Buffer有一个固定的大小值，也叫“capacity”.你只能往里写capacity个byte、long，char等类型。一旦Buffer满了，需要将其清空（通过读数据或者清除数据）才能继续写数据往里写数据。

position

当你写数据到Buffer中时，position表示当前的位置。初始的position值为0.当一个byte、long等数据写到Buffer后， position会向前移动到下一个可插入数据的Buffer单元。position最大可为capacity – 1.

当读取数据时，也是从某个特定位置读。当将Buffer从写模式切换到读模式，position会被重置为0. 当从Buffer的position处读取数据时，position向前移动到下一个可读的位置。

limit

在写模式下，Buffer的limit表示你最多能往Buffer里写多少数据。 写模式下，limit等于Buffer的capacity。

当切换Buffer到读模式时， limit表示你最多能读到多少数据。因此，当切换Buffer到读模式时，limit会被设置成写模式下的position值。换句话说，你能读到之前写入的所有数据（limit被设置成已写数据的数量，这个值在写模式下就是position）.

ByteBuffer 的几个主要方法源码:

1.put

写数据到Buffer有两种方式：

• 从Channel写到Buffer。
• 通过Buffer的put()方法写到Buffer里。

从Channel写到Buffer的例子

int bytesRead = inChannel.read(buf);

 

通过put方法写Buffer的例子：

buf.put(512);

 

put方法有很多版本，允许你以不同的方式把数据写入到Buffer中。例如， 写到一个指定的位置，或者把一个字节数组写入到Buffer。

 /**
     * Relative bulk <i>put</i> method&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>(optional operation)</i>.
     *
     * <p> This method transfers the bytes remaining in the given source
     * buffer into this buffer.  If there are more bytes remaining in the
     * source buffer than in this buffer, that is, if
     * <tt>src.remaining()</tt>&nbsp;<tt>&gt;</tt>&nbsp;<tt>remaining()</tt>,
     * then no bytes are transferred and a {@link
     * BufferOverflowException} is thrown.
     *
     * <p> Otherwise, this method copies
     * <i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<tt>src.remaining()</tt> bytes from the given
     * buffer into this buffer, starting at each buffer's current position.
     * The positions of both buffers are then incremented by <i>n</i>.
     *
     * <p> In other words, an invocation of this method of the form
     * <tt>dst.put(src)</tt> has exactly the same effect as the loop
     *
     * <pre>
     *     while (src.hasRemaining())
     *         dst.put(src.get()); </pre>
     *
     * except that it first checks that there is sufficient space in this
     * buffer and it is potentially much more efficient. </p>
     *
     * @param  src
     *         The source buffer from which bytes are to be read;
     *         must not be this buffer
     *
     * @return  This buffer
     *
     * @throws  BufferOverflowException
     *          If there is insufficient space in this buffer
     *          for the remaining bytes in the source buffer
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          If the source buffer is this buffer
     *
     * @throws  ReadOnlyBufferException
     *          If this buffer is read-only
     */
    public ByteBuffer put(ByteBuffer src) {
        if (src == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        int n = src.remaining();
        if (n > remaining())
            throw new BufferOverflowException();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            put(src.get());
        return this;
    }

2.flip

flip方法将Buffer从写模式切换到读模式。调用flip()方法会将position设回0，并将limit设置成之前position的值。

换句话说，position现在用于标记读的位置，limit表示之前写进了多少个byte、char等 —— 现在能读取多少个byte、char等。

 /**
     * Flips this buffer.  The limit is set to the current position and then
     * the position is set to zero.  If the mark is defined then it is
     * discarded.
     *
     * <p> After a sequence of channel-read or <i>put</i> operations, invoke
     * this method to prepare for a sequence of channel-write or relative
     * <i>get</i> operations.  For example:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * buf.put(magic);    // Prepend header
     * in.read(buf);      // Read data into rest of buffer
     * buf.flip();        // Flip buffer
     * out.write(buf);    // Write header + data to channel</pre></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> This method is often used in conjunction with the {@link
     * java.nio.ByteBuffer#compact compact} method when transferring data from
     * one place to another.  </p>
     *
     * @return  This buffer
     */
    public final Buffer flip() {
        limit = position;
        position = 0;
        mark = -1;
        return this;
    }

3.clear

 /**
     * Clears this buffer.  The position is set to zero, the limit is set to
     * the capacity, and the mark is discarded.
     *
     * <p> Invoke this method before using a sequence of channel-read or
     * <i>put</i> operations to fill this buffer.  For example:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * buf.clear();     // Prepare buffer for reading
     * in.read(buf);    // Read data</pre></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> This method does not actually erase the data in the buffer, but it
     * is named as if it did because it will most often be used in situations
     * in which that might as well be the case. </p>
     *
     * @return  This buffer
     */
    public final Buffer clear() {
        position = 0;
        limit = capacity;
        mark = -1;
        return this;
    }